xref: /dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py (revision c6dab2a873f65c5a4ea9735aa24d9539426adba4)
1#! /usr/bin/env python
2#
3#   BSD LICENSE
4#
5#   Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
6#   All rights reserved.
7#
8#   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9#   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10#   are met:
11#
12#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13#       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15#       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
16#       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
17#       distribution.
18#     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
19#       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
20#       from this software without specific prior written permission.
21#
22#   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
23#   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
24#   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
25#   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
26#   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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28#   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
29#   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
30#   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
31#   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
32#   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
33#
34
35import sys
36import os
37import getopt
38import subprocess
39from os.path import exists, abspath, dirname, basename
40
41# The PCI base class for NETWORK devices
42NETWORK_BASE_CLASS = "02"
43CRYPTO_BASE_CLASS = "0b"
44
45# global dict ethernet devices present. Dictionary indexed by PCI address.
46# Each device within this is itself a dictionary of device properties
47devices = {}
48# list of supported DPDK drivers
49dpdk_drivers = ["igb_uio", "vfio-pci", "uio_pci_generic"]
50
51# command-line arg flags
52b_flag = None
53status_flag = False
54force_flag = False
55args = []
56
57
58def usage():
59    '''Print usage information for the program'''
60    argv0 = basename(sys.argv[0])
61    print("""
62Usage:
63------
64
65     %(argv0)s [options] DEVICE1 DEVICE2 ....
66
67where DEVICE1, DEVICE2 etc, are specified via PCI "domain:bus:slot.func" syntax
68or "bus:slot.func" syntax. For devices bound to Linux kernel drivers, they may
69also be referred to by Linux interface name e.g. eth0, eth1, em0, em1, etc.
70
71Options:
72    --help, --usage:
73        Display usage information and quit
74
75    -s, --status:
76        Print the current status of all known network and crypto devices.
77        For each device, it displays the PCI domain, bus, slot and function,
78        along with a text description of the device. Depending upon whether the
79        device is being used by a kernel driver, the igb_uio driver, or no
80        driver, other relevant information will be displayed:
81        * the Linux interface name e.g. if=eth0
82        * the driver being used e.g. drv=igb_uio
83        * any suitable drivers not currently using that device
84            e.g. unused=igb_uio
85        NOTE: if this flag is passed along with a bind/unbind option, the
86        status display will always occur after the other operations have taken
87        place.
88
89    -b driver, --bind=driver:
90        Select the driver to use or \"none\" to unbind the device
91
92    -u, --unbind:
93        Unbind a device (Equivalent to \"-b none\")
94
95    --force:
96        By default, network devices which are used by Linux - as indicated by
97        having routes in the routing table - cannot be modified. Using the
98        --force flag overrides this behavior, allowing active links to be
99        forcibly unbound.
100        WARNING: This can lead to loss of network connection and should be used
101        with caution.
102
103Examples:
104---------
105
106To display current device status:
107        %(argv0)s --status
108
109To bind eth1 from the current driver and move to use igb_uio
110        %(argv0)s --bind=igb_uio eth1
111
112To unbind 0000:01:00.0 from using any driver
113        %(argv0)s -u 0000:01:00.0
114
115To bind 0000:02:00.0 and 0000:02:00.1 to the ixgbe kernel driver
116        %(argv0)s -b ixgbe 02:00.0 02:00.1
117
118    """ % locals())  # replace items from local variables
119
120
121# This is roughly compatible with check_output function in subprocess module
122# which is only available in python 2.7.
123def check_output(args, stderr=None):
124    '''Run a command and capture its output'''
125    return subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
126                            stderr=stderr).communicate()[0]
127
128
129def find_module(mod):
130    '''find the .ko file for kernel module named mod.
131    Searches the $RTE_SDK/$RTE_TARGET directory, the kernel
132    modules directory and finally under the parent directory of
133    the script '''
134    # check $RTE_SDK/$RTE_TARGET directory
135    if 'RTE_SDK' in os.environ and 'RTE_TARGET' in os.environ:
136        path = "%s/%s/kmod/%s.ko" % (os.environ['RTE_SDK'],
137                                     os.environ['RTE_TARGET'], mod)
138        if exists(path):
139            return path
140
141    # check using depmod
142    try:
143        depmod_out = check_output(["modinfo", "-n", mod],
144                                  stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).lower()
145        if "error" not in depmod_out:
146            path = depmod_out.strip()
147            if exists(path):
148                return path
149    except:  # if modinfo can't find module, it fails, so continue
150        pass
151
152    # check for a copy based off current path
153    tools_dir = dirname(abspath(sys.argv[0]))
154    if tools_dir.endswith("tools"):
155        base_dir = dirname(tools_dir)
156        find_out = check_output(["find", base_dir, "-name", mod + ".ko"])
157        if len(find_out) > 0:  # something matched
158            path = find_out.splitlines()[0]
159            if exists(path):
160                return path
161
162
163def check_modules():
164    '''Checks that igb_uio is loaded'''
165    global dpdk_drivers
166
167    # list of supported modules
168    mods = [{"Name": driver, "Found": False} for driver in dpdk_drivers]
169
170    # first check if module is loaded
171    try:
172        # Get list of sysfs modules (both built-in and dynamically loaded)
173        sysfs_path = '/sys/module/'
174
175        # Get the list of directories in sysfs_path
176        sysfs_mods = [os.path.join(sysfs_path, o) for o
177                      in os.listdir(sysfs_path)
178                      if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(sysfs_path, o))]
179
180        # Extract the last element of '/sys/module/abc' in the array
181        sysfs_mods = [a.split('/')[-1] for a in sysfs_mods]
182
183        # special case for vfio_pci (module is named vfio-pci,
184        # but its .ko is named vfio_pci)
185        sysfs_mods = map(lambda a:
186                         a if a != 'vfio_pci' else 'vfio-pci', sysfs_mods)
187
188        for mod in mods:
189            if mod["Name"] in sysfs_mods:
190                mod["Found"] = True
191    except:
192        pass
193
194    # check if we have at least one loaded module
195    if True not in [mod["Found"] for mod in mods] and b_flag is not None:
196        if b_flag in dpdk_drivers:
197            print("Error - no supported modules(DPDK driver) are loaded")
198            sys.exit(1)
199        else:
200            print("Warning - no supported modules(DPDK driver) are loaded")
201
202    # change DPDK driver list to only contain drivers that are loaded
203    dpdk_drivers = [mod["Name"] for mod in mods if mod["Found"]]
204
205
206def has_driver(dev_id):
207    '''return true if a device is assigned to a driver. False otherwise'''
208    return "Driver_str" in devices[dev_id]
209
210
211def get_pci_device_details(dev_id):
212    '''This function gets additional details for a PCI device'''
213    device = {}
214
215    extra_info = check_output(["lspci", "-vmmks", dev_id]).splitlines()
216
217    # parse lspci details
218    for line in extra_info:
219        if len(line) == 0:
220            continue
221        name, value = line.decode().split("\t", 1)
222        name = name.strip(":") + "_str"
223        device[name] = value
224    # check for a unix interface name
225    device["Interface"] = ""
226    for base, dirs, _ in os.walk("/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/" % dev_id):
227        if "net" in dirs:
228            device["Interface"] = \
229                ",".join(os.listdir(os.path.join(base, "net")))
230            break
231    # check if a port is used for ssh connection
232    device["Ssh_if"] = False
233    device["Active"] = ""
234
235    return device
236
237
238def get_nic_details():
239    '''This function populates the "devices" dictionary. The keys used are
240    the pci addresses (domain:bus:slot.func). The values are themselves
241    dictionaries - one for each NIC.'''
242    global devices
243    global dpdk_drivers
244
245    # clear any old data
246    devices = {}
247    # first loop through and read details for all devices
248    # request machine readable format, with numeric IDs
249    dev = {}
250    dev_lines = check_output(["lspci", "-Dvmmn"]).splitlines()
251    for dev_line in dev_lines:
252        if len(dev_line) == 0:
253            if dev["Class"][0:2] == NETWORK_BASE_CLASS:
254                # convert device and vendor ids to numbers, then add to global
255                dev["Vendor"] = int(dev["Vendor"], 16)
256                dev["Device"] = int(dev["Device"], 16)
257                # use dict to make copy of dev
258                devices[dev["Slot"]] = dict(dev)
259        else:
260            name, value = dev_line.decode().split("\t", 1)
261            dev[name.rstrip(":")] = value
262
263    # check what is the interface if any for an ssh connection if
264    # any to this host, so we can mark it later.
265    ssh_if = []
266    route = check_output(["ip", "-o", "route"])
267    # filter out all lines for 169.254 routes
268    route = "\n".join(filter(lambda ln: not ln.startswith("169.254"),
269                             route.decode().splitlines()))
270    rt_info = route.split()
271    for i in range(len(rt_info) - 1):
272        if rt_info[i] == "dev":
273            ssh_if.append(rt_info[i+1])
274
275    # based on the basic info, get extended text details
276    for d in devices.keys():
277        # get additional info and add it to existing data
278        devices[d] = devices[d].copy()
279        devices[d].update(get_pci_device_details(d).items())
280
281        for _if in ssh_if:
282            if _if in devices[d]["Interface"].split(","):
283                devices[d]["Ssh_if"] = True
284                devices[d]["Active"] = "*Active*"
285                break
286
287        # add igb_uio to list of supporting modules if needed
288        if "Module_str" in devices[d]:
289            for driver in dpdk_drivers:
290                if driver not in devices[d]["Module_str"]:
291                    devices[d]["Module_str"] = \
292                        devices[d]["Module_str"] + ",%s" % driver
293        else:
294            devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(dpdk_drivers)
295
296        # make sure the driver and module strings do not have any duplicates
297        if has_driver(d):
298            modules = devices[d]["Module_str"].split(",")
299            if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in modules:
300                modules.remove(devices[d]["Driver_str"])
301                devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(modules)
302
303
304def get_crypto_details():
305    '''This function populates the "devices" dictionary. The keys used are
306    the pci addresses (domain:bus:slot.func). The values are themselves
307    dictionaries - one for each NIC.'''
308    global devices
309    global dpdk_drivers
310
311    # clear any old data
312    # devices = {}
313    # first loop through and read details for all devices
314    # request machine readable format, with numeric IDs
315    dev = {}
316    dev_lines = check_output(["lspci", "-Dvmmn"]).splitlines()
317    for dev_line in dev_lines:
318        if len(dev_line) == 0:
319            if dev["Class"][0:2] == CRYPTO_BASE_CLASS:
320                # convert device and vendor ids to numbers, then add to global
321                dev["Vendor"] = int(dev["Vendor"], 16)
322                dev["Device"] = int(dev["Device"], 16)
323                # use dict to make copy of dev
324                devices[dev["Slot"]] = dict(dev)
325        else:
326            name, value = dev_line.decode().split("\t", 1)
327            dev[name.rstrip(":")] = value
328
329    # based on the basic info, get extended text details
330    for d in devices.keys():
331        # get additional info and add it to existing data
332        devices[d] = devices[d].copy()
333        devices[d].update(get_pci_device_details(d).items())
334
335        # add igb_uio to list of supporting modules if needed
336        if "Module_str" in devices[d]:
337            for driver in dpdk_drivers:
338                if driver not in devices[d]["Module_str"]:
339                    devices[d]["Module_str"] = \
340                        devices[d]["Module_str"] + ",%s" % driver
341        else:
342            devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(dpdk_drivers)
343
344        # make sure the driver and module strings do not have any duplicates
345        if has_driver(d):
346            modules = devices[d]["Module_str"].split(",")
347            if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in modules:
348                modules.remove(devices[d]["Driver_str"])
349                devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(modules)
350
351
352def dev_id_from_dev_name(dev_name):
353    '''Take a device "name" - a string passed in by user to identify a NIC
354    device, and determine the device id - i.e. the domain:bus:slot.func - for
355    it, which can then be used to index into the devices array'''
356
357    # check if it's already a suitable index
358    if dev_name in devices:
359        return dev_name
360    # check if it's an index just missing the domain part
361    elif "0000:" + dev_name in devices:
362        return "0000:" + dev_name
363    else:
364        # check if it's an interface name, e.g. eth1
365        for d in devices.keys():
366            if dev_name in devices[d]["Interface"].split(","):
367                return devices[d]["Slot"]
368    # if nothing else matches - error
369    print("Unknown device: %s. "
370          "Please specify device in \"bus:slot.func\" format" % dev_name)
371    sys.exit(1)
372
373
374def unbind_one(dev_id, force):
375    '''Unbind the device identified by "dev_id" from its current driver'''
376    dev = devices[dev_id]
377    if not has_driver(dev_id):
378        print("%s %s %s is not currently managed by any driver\n" %
379              (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"], dev["Interface"]))
380        return
381
382    # prevent us disconnecting ourselves
383    if dev["Ssh_if"] and not force:
384        print("Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
385              "Skipping unbind" % (dev_id))
386        return
387
388    # write to /sys to unbind
389    filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/unbind" % dev["Driver_str"]
390    try:
391        f = open(filename, "a")
392    except:
393        print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
394              % (dev_id, filename))
395        sys.exit(1)
396    f.write(dev_id)
397    f.close()
398
399
400def bind_one(dev_id, driver, force):
401    '''Bind the device given by "dev_id" to the driver "driver". If the device
402    is already bound to a different driver, it will be unbound first'''
403    dev = devices[dev_id]
404    saved_driver = None  # used to rollback any unbind in case of failure
405
406    # prevent disconnection of our ssh session
407    if dev["Ssh_if"] and not force:
408        print("Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
409              "Not modifying" % (dev_id))
410        return
411
412    # unbind any existing drivers we don't want
413    if has_driver(dev_id):
414        if dev["Driver_str"] == driver:
415            print("%s already bound to driver %s, skipping\n"
416                  % (dev_id, driver))
417            return
418        else:
419            saved_driver = dev["Driver_str"]
420            unbind_one(dev_id, force)
421            dev["Driver_str"] = ""  # clear driver string
422
423    # if we are binding to one of DPDK drivers, add PCI id's to that driver
424    if driver in dpdk_drivers:
425        filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/new_id" % driver
426        try:
427            f = open(filename, "w")
428        except:
429            print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
430                  % (dev_id, filename))
431            return
432        try:
433            f.write("%04x %04x" % (dev["Vendor"], dev["Device"]))
434            f.close()
435        except:
436            print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot write new PCI ID to "
437                  "driver %s" % (dev_id, driver))
438            return
439
440    # do the bind by writing to /sys
441    filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/bind" % driver
442    try:
443        f = open(filename, "a")
444    except:
445        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
446              % (dev_id, filename))
447        if saved_driver is not None:  # restore any previous driver
448            bind_one(dev_id, saved_driver, force)
449        return
450    try:
451        f.write(dev_id)
452        f.close()
453    except:
454        # for some reason, closing dev_id after adding a new PCI ID to new_id
455        # results in IOError. however, if the device was successfully bound,
456        # we don't care for any errors and can safely ignore IOError
457        tmp = get_pci_device_details(dev_id)
458        if "Driver_str" in tmp and tmp["Driver_str"] == driver:
459            return
460        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot bind to driver %s"
461              % (dev_id, driver))
462        if saved_driver is not None:  # restore any previous driver
463            bind_one(dev_id, saved_driver, force)
464        return
465
466
467def unbind_all(dev_list, force=False):
468    """Unbind method, takes a list of device locations"""
469    dev_list = map(dev_id_from_dev_name, dev_list)
470    for d in dev_list:
471        unbind_one(d, force)
472
473
474def bind_all(dev_list, driver, force=False):
475    """Bind method, takes a list of device locations"""
476    global devices
477
478    dev_list = map(dev_id_from_dev_name, dev_list)
479
480    for d in dev_list:
481        bind_one(d, driver, force)
482
483    # when binding devices to a generic driver (i.e. one that doesn't have a
484    # PCI ID table), some devices that are not bound to any other driver could
485    # be bound even if no one has asked them to. hence, we check the list of
486    # drivers again, and see if some of the previously-unbound devices were
487    # erroneously bound.
488    for d in devices.keys():
489        # skip devices that were already bound or that we know should be bound
490        if "Driver_str" in devices[d] or d in dev_list:
491            continue
492
493        # update information about this device
494        devices[d] = dict(devices[d].items() +
495                          get_pci_device_details(d).items())
496
497        # check if updated information indicates that the device was bound
498        if "Driver_str" in devices[d]:
499            unbind_one(d, force)
500
501
502def display_devices(title, dev_list, extra_params=None):
503    '''Displays to the user the details of a list of devices given in
504    "dev_list". The "extra_params" parameter, if given, should contain a string
505     with %()s fields in it for replacement by the named fields in each
506     device's dictionary.'''
507    strings = []  # this holds the strings to print. We sort before printing
508    print("\n%s" % title)
509    print("="*len(title))
510    if len(dev_list) == 0:
511        strings.append("<none>")
512    else:
513        for dev in dev_list:
514            if extra_params is not None:
515                strings.append("%s '%s' %s" % (dev["Slot"],
516                                               dev["Device_str"],
517                                               extra_params % dev))
518            else:
519                strings.append("%s '%s'" % (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"]))
520    # sort before printing, so that the entries appear in PCI order
521    strings.sort()
522    print("\n".join(strings))  # print one per line
523
524
525def show_status():
526    '''Function called when the script is passed the "--status" option.
527    Displays to the user what devices are bound to the igb_uio driver, the
528    kernel driver or to no driver'''
529    global dpdk_drivers
530    kernel_drv = []
531    dpdk_drv = []
532    no_drv = []
533
534    # split our list of network devices into the three categories above
535    for d in devices.keys():
536        if NETWORK_BASE_CLASS in devices[d]["Class"]:
537            if not has_driver(d):
538                no_drv.append(devices[d])
539                continue
540            if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in dpdk_drivers:
541                dpdk_drv.append(devices[d])
542            else:
543                kernel_drv.append(devices[d])
544
545    # print each category separately, so we can clearly see what's used by DPDK
546    display_devices("Network devices using DPDK-compatible driver", dpdk_drv,
547                    "drv=%(Driver_str)s unused=%(Module_str)s")
548    display_devices("Network devices using kernel driver", kernel_drv,
549                    "if=%(Interface)s drv=%(Driver_str)s "
550                    "unused=%(Module_str)s %(Active)s")
551    display_devices("Other network devices", no_drv, "unused=%(Module_str)s")
552
553    # split our list of crypto devices into the three categories above
554    kernel_drv = []
555    dpdk_drv = []
556    no_drv = []
557
558    for d in devices.keys():
559        if CRYPTO_BASE_CLASS in devices[d]["Class"]:
560            if not has_driver(d):
561                no_drv.append(devices[d])
562                continue
563            if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in dpdk_drivers:
564                dpdk_drv.append(devices[d])
565            else:
566                kernel_drv.append(devices[d])
567
568    display_devices("Crypto devices using DPDK-compatible driver", dpdk_drv,
569                    "drv=%(Driver_str)s unused=%(Module_str)s")
570    display_devices("Crypto devices using kernel driver", kernel_drv,
571                    "drv=%(Driver_str)s "
572                    "unused=%(Module_str)s")
573    display_devices("Other crypto devices", no_drv, "unused=%(Module_str)s")
574
575
576def parse_args():
577    '''Parses the command-line arguments given by the user and takes the
578    appropriate action for each'''
579    global b_flag
580    global status_flag
581    global force_flag
582    global args
583    if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
584        usage()
585        sys.exit(0)
586
587    try:
588        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "b:us",
589                                   ["help", "usage", "status", "force",
590                                    "bind=", "unbind"])
591    except getopt.GetoptError as error:
592        print(str(error))
593        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
594        sys.exit(1)
595
596    for opt, arg in opts:
597        if opt == "--help" or opt == "--usage":
598            usage()
599            sys.exit(0)
600        if opt == "--status" or opt == "-s":
601            status_flag = True
602        if opt == "--force":
603            force_flag = True
604        if opt == "-b" or opt == "-u" or opt == "--bind" or opt == "--unbind":
605            if b_flag is not None:
606                print("Error - Only one bind or unbind may be specified\n")
607                sys.exit(1)
608            if opt == "-u" or opt == "--unbind":
609                b_flag = "none"
610            else:
611                b_flag = arg
612
613
614def do_arg_actions():
615    '''do the actual action requested by the user'''
616    global b_flag
617    global status_flag
618    global force_flag
619    global args
620
621    if b_flag is None and not status_flag:
622        print("Error: No action specified for devices."
623              "Please give a -b or -u option")
624        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
625        sys.exit(1)
626
627    if b_flag is not None and len(args) == 0:
628        print("Error: No devices specified.")
629        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
630        sys.exit(1)
631
632    if b_flag == "none" or b_flag == "None":
633        unbind_all(args, force_flag)
634    elif b_flag is not None:
635        bind_all(args, b_flag, force_flag)
636    if status_flag:
637        if b_flag is not None:
638            get_nic_details()  # refresh if we have changed anything
639            get_crypto_details()  # refresh if we have changed anything
640        show_status()
641
642
643def main():
644    '''program main function'''
645    parse_args()
646    check_modules()
647    get_nic_details()
648    get_crypto_details()
649    do_arg_actions()
650
651if __name__ == "__main__":
652    main()
653