xref: /dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py (revision 8b9bd0efe0b6920a08e28eebacf2bb916bdf5653)
1#! /usr/bin/env python
2# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3# Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation
4#
5
6import sys
7import os
8import getopt
9import subprocess
10from os.path import exists, abspath, dirname, basename
11
12# The PCI base class for all devices
13network_class = {'Class': '02', 'Vendor': None, 'Device': None,
14                    'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
15encryption_class = {'Class': '10', 'Vendor': None, 'Device': None,
16                   'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
17intel_processor_class = {'Class': '0b', 'Vendor': '8086', 'Device': None,
18                   'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
19cavium_sso = {'Class': '08', 'Vendor': '177d', 'Device': 'a04b,a04d',
20              'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
21cavium_fpa = {'Class': '08', 'Vendor': '177d', 'Device': 'a053',
22              'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
23cavium_pkx = {'Class': '08', 'Vendor': '177d', 'Device': 'a0dd,a049',
24              'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
25
26network_devices = [network_class, cavium_pkx]
27crypto_devices = [encryption_class, intel_processor_class]
28eventdev_devices = [cavium_sso]
29mempool_devices = [cavium_fpa]
30
31# global dict ethernet devices present. Dictionary indexed by PCI address.
32# Each device within this is itself a dictionary of device properties
33devices = {}
34# list of supported DPDK drivers
35dpdk_drivers = ["igb_uio", "vfio-pci", "uio_pci_generic"]
36
37# command-line arg flags
38b_flag = None
39status_flag = False
40force_flag = False
41args = []
42
43
44def usage():
45    '''Print usage information for the program'''
46    argv0 = basename(sys.argv[0])
47    print("""
48Usage:
49------
50
51     %(argv0)s [options] DEVICE1 DEVICE2 ....
52
53where DEVICE1, DEVICE2 etc, are specified via PCI "domain:bus:slot.func" syntax
54or "bus:slot.func" syntax. For devices bound to Linux kernel drivers, they may
55also be referred to by Linux interface name e.g. eth0, eth1, em0, em1, etc.
56
57Options:
58    --help, --usage:
59        Display usage information and quit
60
61    -s, --status:
62        Print the current status of all known network, crypto, event
63        and mempool devices.
64        For each device, it displays the PCI domain, bus, slot and function,
65        along with a text description of the device. Depending upon whether the
66        device is being used by a kernel driver, the igb_uio driver, or no
67        driver, other relevant information will be displayed:
68        * the Linux interface name e.g. if=eth0
69        * the driver being used e.g. drv=igb_uio
70        * any suitable drivers not currently using that device
71            e.g. unused=igb_uio
72        NOTE: if this flag is passed along with a bind/unbind option, the
73        status display will always occur after the other operations have taken
74        place.
75
76    --status-dev:
77        Print the status of given device group. Supported device groups are:
78        "net", "crypto", "event" and "mempool"
79
80    -b driver, --bind=driver:
81        Select the driver to use or \"none\" to unbind the device
82
83    -u, --unbind:
84        Unbind a device (Equivalent to \"-b none\")
85
86    --force:
87        By default, network devices which are used by Linux - as indicated by
88        having routes in the routing table - cannot be modified. Using the
89        --force flag overrides this behavior, allowing active links to be
90        forcibly unbound.
91        WARNING: This can lead to loss of network connection and should be used
92        with caution.
93
94Examples:
95---------
96
97To display current device status:
98        %(argv0)s --status
99
100To display current network device status:
101        %(argv0)s --status-dev net
102
103To bind eth1 from the current driver and move to use igb_uio
104        %(argv0)s --bind=igb_uio eth1
105
106To unbind 0000:01:00.0 from using any driver
107        %(argv0)s -u 0000:01:00.0
108
109To bind 0000:02:00.0 and 0000:02:00.1 to the ixgbe kernel driver
110        %(argv0)s -b ixgbe 02:00.0 02:00.1
111
112    """ % locals())  # replace items from local variables
113
114
115# This is roughly compatible with check_output function in subprocess module
116# which is only available in python 2.7.
117def check_output(args, stderr=None):
118    '''Run a command and capture its output'''
119    return subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
120                            stderr=stderr).communicate()[0]
121
122
123def find_module(mod):
124    '''find the .ko file for kernel module named mod.
125    Searches the $RTE_SDK/$RTE_TARGET directory, the kernel
126    modules directory and finally under the parent directory of
127    the script '''
128    # check $RTE_SDK/$RTE_TARGET directory
129    if 'RTE_SDK' in os.environ and 'RTE_TARGET' in os.environ:
130        path = "%s/%s/kmod/%s.ko" % (os.environ['RTE_SDK'],
131                                     os.environ['RTE_TARGET'], mod)
132        if exists(path):
133            return path
134
135    # check using depmod
136    try:
137        with open(os.devnull, "w") as fnull:
138            path = check_output(["modinfo", "-n", mod], stderr=fnull).strip()
139
140        if path and exists(path):
141            return path
142    except:  # if modinfo can't find module, it fails, so continue
143        pass
144
145    # check for a copy based off current path
146    tools_dir = dirname(abspath(sys.argv[0]))
147    if tools_dir.endswith("tools"):
148        base_dir = dirname(tools_dir)
149        find_out = check_output(["find", base_dir, "-name", mod + ".ko"])
150        if len(find_out) > 0:  # something matched
151            path = find_out.splitlines()[0]
152            if exists(path):
153                return path
154
155
156def check_modules():
157    '''Checks that igb_uio is loaded'''
158    global dpdk_drivers
159
160    # list of supported modules
161    mods = [{"Name": driver, "Found": False} for driver in dpdk_drivers]
162
163    # first check if module is loaded
164    try:
165        # Get list of sysfs modules (both built-in and dynamically loaded)
166        sysfs_path = '/sys/module/'
167
168        # Get the list of directories in sysfs_path
169        sysfs_mods = [os.path.join(sysfs_path, o) for o
170                      in os.listdir(sysfs_path)
171                      if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(sysfs_path, o))]
172
173        # Extract the last element of '/sys/module/abc' in the array
174        sysfs_mods = [a.split('/')[-1] for a in sysfs_mods]
175
176        # special case for vfio_pci (module is named vfio-pci,
177        # but its .ko is named vfio_pci)
178        sysfs_mods = [a if a != 'vfio_pci' else 'vfio-pci' for a in sysfs_mods]
179
180        for mod in mods:
181            if mod["Name"] in sysfs_mods:
182                mod["Found"] = True
183    except:
184        pass
185
186    # check if we have at least one loaded module
187    if True not in [mod["Found"] for mod in mods] and b_flag is not None:
188        if b_flag in dpdk_drivers:
189            print("Error - no supported modules(DPDK driver) are loaded")
190            sys.exit(1)
191        else:
192            print("Warning - no supported modules(DPDK driver) are loaded")
193
194    # change DPDK driver list to only contain drivers that are loaded
195    dpdk_drivers = [mod["Name"] for mod in mods if mod["Found"]]
196
197
198def has_driver(dev_id):
199    '''return true if a device is assigned to a driver. False otherwise'''
200    return "Driver_str" in devices[dev_id]
201
202
203def get_pci_device_details(dev_id, probe_lspci):
204    '''This function gets additional details for a PCI device'''
205    device = {}
206
207    if probe_lspci:
208        extra_info = check_output(["lspci", "-vmmks", dev_id]).splitlines()
209
210        # parse lspci details
211        for line in extra_info:
212            if len(line) == 0:
213                continue
214            name, value = line.decode().split("\t", 1)
215            name = name.strip(":") + "_str"
216            device[name] = value
217    # check for a unix interface name
218    device["Interface"] = ""
219    for base, dirs, _ in os.walk("/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/" % dev_id):
220        if "net" in dirs:
221            device["Interface"] = \
222                ",".join(os.listdir(os.path.join(base, "net")))
223            break
224    # check if a port is used for ssh connection
225    device["Ssh_if"] = False
226    device["Active"] = ""
227
228    return device
229
230def clear_data():
231    '''This function clears any old data'''
232    devices = {}
233
234def get_device_details(devices_type):
235    '''This function populates the "devices" dictionary. The keys used are
236    the pci addresses (domain:bus:slot.func). The values are themselves
237    dictionaries - one for each NIC.'''
238    global devices
239    global dpdk_drivers
240
241    # first loop through and read details for all devices
242    # request machine readable format, with numeric IDs and String
243    dev = {}
244    dev_lines = check_output(["lspci", "-Dvmmnnk"]).splitlines()
245    for dev_line in dev_lines:
246        if len(dev_line) == 0:
247            if device_type_match(dev, devices_type):
248                # Replace "Driver" with "Driver_str" to have consistency of
249                # of dictionary key names
250                if "Driver" in dev.keys():
251                    dev["Driver_str"] = dev.pop("Driver")
252                # use dict to make copy of dev
253                devices[dev["Slot"]] = dict(dev)
254            # Clear previous device's data
255            dev = {}
256        else:
257            name, value = dev_line.decode().split("\t", 1)
258            value_list = value.rsplit(' ', 1)
259            if len(value_list) > 1:
260                # String stored in <name>_str
261                dev[name.rstrip(":") + '_str'] = value_list[0]
262            # Numeric IDs
263            dev[name.rstrip(":")] = value_list[len(value_list) - 1] \
264                .rstrip("]").lstrip("[")
265
266    if devices_type == network_devices:
267        # check what is the interface if any for an ssh connection if
268        # any to this host, so we can mark it later.
269        ssh_if = []
270        route = check_output(["ip", "-o", "route"])
271        # filter out all lines for 169.254 routes
272        route = "\n".join(filter(lambda ln: not ln.startswith("169.254"),
273                             route.decode().splitlines()))
274        rt_info = route.split()
275        for i in range(len(rt_info) - 1):
276            if rt_info[i] == "dev":
277                ssh_if.append(rt_info[i+1])
278
279    # based on the basic info, get extended text details
280    for d in devices.keys():
281        if not device_type_match(devices[d], devices_type):
282            continue
283
284        # get additional info and add it to existing data
285        devices[d] = devices[d].copy()
286        # No need to probe lspci
287        devices[d].update(get_pci_device_details(d, False).items())
288
289        if devices_type == network_devices:
290            for _if in ssh_if:
291                if _if in devices[d]["Interface"].split(","):
292                    devices[d]["Ssh_if"] = True
293                    devices[d]["Active"] = "*Active*"
294                    break
295
296        # add igb_uio to list of supporting modules if needed
297        if "Module_str" in devices[d]:
298            for driver in dpdk_drivers:
299                if driver not in devices[d]["Module_str"]:
300                    devices[d]["Module_str"] = \
301                        devices[d]["Module_str"] + ",%s" % driver
302        else:
303            devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(dpdk_drivers)
304
305        # make sure the driver and module strings do not have any duplicates
306        if has_driver(d):
307            modules = devices[d]["Module_str"].split(",")
308            if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in modules:
309                modules.remove(devices[d]["Driver_str"])
310                devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(modules)
311
312
313def device_type_match(dev, devices_type):
314    for i in range(len(devices_type)):
315        param_count = len(
316            [x for x in devices_type[i].values() if x is not None])
317        match_count = 0
318        if dev["Class"][0:2] == devices_type[i]["Class"]:
319            match_count = match_count + 1
320            for key in devices_type[i].keys():
321                if key != 'Class' and devices_type[i][key]:
322                    value_list = devices_type[i][key].split(',')
323                    for value in value_list:
324                        if value.strip(' ') == dev[key]:
325                            match_count = match_count + 1
326            # count must be the number of non None parameters to match
327            if match_count == param_count:
328                return True
329    return False
330
331def dev_id_from_dev_name(dev_name):
332    '''Take a device "name" - a string passed in by user to identify a NIC
333    device, and determine the device id - i.e. the domain:bus:slot.func - for
334    it, which can then be used to index into the devices array'''
335
336    # check if it's already a suitable index
337    if dev_name in devices:
338        return dev_name
339    # check if it's an index just missing the domain part
340    elif "0000:" + dev_name in devices:
341        return "0000:" + dev_name
342    else:
343        # check if it's an interface name, e.g. eth1
344        for d in devices.keys():
345            if dev_name in devices[d]["Interface"].split(","):
346                return devices[d]["Slot"]
347    # if nothing else matches - error
348    print("Unknown device: %s. "
349          "Please specify device in \"bus:slot.func\" format" % dev_name)
350    sys.exit(1)
351
352
353def unbind_one(dev_id, force):
354    '''Unbind the device identified by "dev_id" from its current driver'''
355    dev = devices[dev_id]
356    if not has_driver(dev_id):
357        print("%s %s %s is not currently managed by any driver\n" %
358              (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"], dev["Interface"]))
359        return
360
361    # prevent us disconnecting ourselves
362    if dev["Ssh_if"] and not force:
363        print("Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
364              "Skipping unbind" % (dev_id))
365        return
366
367    # write to /sys to unbind
368    filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/unbind" % dev["Driver_str"]
369    try:
370        f = open(filename, "a")
371    except:
372        print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
373              % (dev_id, filename))
374        sys.exit(1)
375    f.write(dev_id)
376    f.close()
377
378
379def bind_one(dev_id, driver, force):
380    '''Bind the device given by "dev_id" to the driver "driver". If the device
381    is already bound to a different driver, it will be unbound first'''
382    dev = devices[dev_id]
383    saved_driver = None  # used to rollback any unbind in case of failure
384
385    # prevent disconnection of our ssh session
386    if dev["Ssh_if"] and not force:
387        print("Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
388              "Not modifying" % (dev_id))
389        return
390
391    # unbind any existing drivers we don't want
392    if has_driver(dev_id):
393        if dev["Driver_str"] == driver:
394            print("%s already bound to driver %s, skipping\n"
395                  % (dev_id, driver))
396            return
397        else:
398            saved_driver = dev["Driver_str"]
399            unbind_one(dev_id, force)
400            dev["Driver_str"] = ""  # clear driver string
401
402    # For kernels >= 3.15 driver_override can be used to specify the driver
403    # for a device rather than relying on the driver to provide a positive
404    # match of the device.  The existing process of looking up
405    # the vendor and device ID, adding them to the driver new_id,
406    # will erroneously bind other devices too which has the additional burden
407    # of unbinding those devices
408    if driver in dpdk_drivers:
409        filename = "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/driver_override" % dev_id
410        if os.path.exists(filename):
411            try:
412                f = open(filename, "w")
413            except:
414                print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
415                      % (dev_id, filename))
416                return
417            try:
418                f.write("%s" % driver)
419                f.close()
420            except:
421                print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot write driver %s to "
422                      "PCI ID " % (dev_id, driver))
423                return
424        # For kernels < 3.15 use new_id to add PCI id's to the driver
425        else:
426            filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/new_id" % driver
427            try:
428                f = open(filename, "w")
429            except:
430                print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
431                      % (dev_id, filename))
432                return
433            try:
434                # Convert Device and Vendor Id to int to write to new_id
435                f.write("%04x %04x" % (int(dev["Vendor"],16),
436                        int(dev["Device"], 16)))
437                f.close()
438            except:
439                print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot write new PCI ID to "
440                      "driver %s" % (dev_id, driver))
441                return
442
443    # do the bind by writing to /sys
444    filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/bind" % driver
445    try:
446        f = open(filename, "a")
447    except:
448        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
449              % (dev_id, filename))
450        if saved_driver is not None:  # restore any previous driver
451            bind_one(dev_id, saved_driver, force)
452        return
453    try:
454        f.write(dev_id)
455        f.close()
456    except:
457        # for some reason, closing dev_id after adding a new PCI ID to new_id
458        # results in IOError. however, if the device was successfully bound,
459        # we don't care for any errors and can safely ignore IOError
460        tmp = get_pci_device_details(dev_id, True)
461        if "Driver_str" in tmp and tmp["Driver_str"] == driver:
462            return
463        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot bind to driver %s"
464              % (dev_id, driver))
465        if saved_driver is not None:  # restore any previous driver
466            bind_one(dev_id, saved_driver, force)
467        return
468
469    # For kernels > 3.15 driver_override is used to bind a device to a driver.
470    # Before unbinding it, overwrite driver_override with empty string so that
471    # the device can be bound to any other driver
472    filename = "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/driver_override" % dev_id
473    if os.path.exists(filename):
474        try:
475            f = open(filename, "w")
476        except:
477            print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
478                  % (dev_id, filename))
479            sys.exit(1)
480        try:
481            f.write("\00")
482            f.close()
483        except:
484            print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
485                  % (dev_id, filename))
486            sys.exit(1)
487
488
489def unbind_all(dev_list, force=False):
490    """Unbind method, takes a list of device locations"""
491
492    if dev_list[0] == "dpdk":
493        for d in devices.keys():
494            if "Driver_str" in devices[d]:
495                if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in dpdk_drivers:
496                    unbind_one(devices[d]["Slot"], force)
497        return
498
499    dev_list = map(dev_id_from_dev_name, dev_list)
500    for d in dev_list:
501        unbind_one(d, force)
502
503
504def bind_all(dev_list, driver, force=False):
505    """Bind method, takes a list of device locations"""
506    global devices
507
508    dev_list = map(dev_id_from_dev_name, dev_list)
509
510    for d in dev_list:
511        bind_one(d, driver, force)
512
513    # For kernels < 3.15 when binding devices to a generic driver
514    # (i.e. one that doesn't have a PCI ID table) using new_id, some devices
515    # that are not bound to any other driver could be bound even if no one has
516    # asked them to. hence, we check the list of drivers again, and see if
517    # some of the previously-unbound devices were erroneously bound.
518    if not os.path.exists("/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/driver_override" % d):
519        for d in devices.keys():
520            # skip devices that were already bound or that we know should be bound
521            if "Driver_str" in devices[d] or d in dev_list:
522                continue
523
524            # update information about this device
525            devices[d] = dict(devices[d].items() +
526                              get_pci_device_details(d, True).items())
527
528            # check if updated information indicates that the device was bound
529            if "Driver_str" in devices[d]:
530                unbind_one(d, force)
531
532
533def display_devices(title, dev_list, extra_params=None):
534    '''Displays to the user the details of a list of devices given in
535    "dev_list". The "extra_params" parameter, if given, should contain a string
536     with %()s fields in it for replacement by the named fields in each
537     device's dictionary.'''
538    strings = []  # this holds the strings to print. We sort before printing
539    print("\n%s" % title)
540    print("="*len(title))
541    if len(dev_list) == 0:
542        strings.append("<none>")
543    else:
544        for dev in dev_list:
545            if extra_params is not None:
546                strings.append("%s '%s %s' %s" % (dev["Slot"],
547                                               dev["Device_str"],
548                                               dev["Device"],
549                                               extra_params % dev))
550            else:
551                strings.append("%s '%s'" % (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"]))
552    # sort before printing, so that the entries appear in PCI order
553    strings.sort()
554    print("\n".join(strings))  # print one per line
555
556def show_device_status(devices_type, device_name):
557    global dpdk_drivers
558    kernel_drv = []
559    dpdk_drv = []
560    no_drv = []
561
562    # split our list of network devices into the three categories above
563    for d in devices.keys():
564        if device_type_match(devices[d], devices_type):
565            if not has_driver(d):
566                no_drv.append(devices[d])
567                continue
568            if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in dpdk_drivers:
569                dpdk_drv.append(devices[d])
570            else:
571                kernel_drv.append(devices[d])
572
573    # print each category separately, so we can clearly see what's used by DPDK
574    display_devices("%s devices using DPDK-compatible driver" % device_name,
575                    dpdk_drv, "drv=%(Driver_str)s unused=%(Module_str)s")
576    display_devices("%s devices using kernel driver" % device_name, kernel_drv,
577                    "if=%(Interface)s drv=%(Driver_str)s "
578                    "unused=%(Module_str)s %(Active)s")
579    display_devices("Other %s devices" % device_name, no_drv,
580                    "unused=%(Module_str)s")
581
582def show_status():
583    '''Function called when the script is passed the "--status" option.
584    Displays to the user what devices are bound to the igb_uio driver, the
585    kernel driver or to no driver'''
586
587    if status_dev == "net" or status_dev == "all":
588        show_device_status(network_devices, "Network")
589
590    if status_dev == "crypto" or status_dev == "all":
591        show_device_status(crypto_devices, "Crypto")
592
593    if status_dev == "event" or status_dev == "all":
594        show_device_status(eventdev_devices, "Eventdev")
595
596    if status_dev == "mempool" or status_dev == "all":
597        show_device_status(mempool_devices, "Mempool")
598
599def parse_args():
600    '''Parses the command-line arguments given by the user and takes the
601    appropriate action for each'''
602    global b_flag
603    global status_flag
604    global status_dev
605    global force_flag
606    global args
607    if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
608        usage()
609        sys.exit(0)
610
611    try:
612        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "b:us",
613                                   ["help", "usage", "status", "status-dev=",
614                                    "force", "bind=", "unbind", ])
615    except getopt.GetoptError as error:
616        print(str(error))
617        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
618        sys.exit(1)
619
620    for opt, arg in opts:
621        if opt == "--help" or opt == "--usage":
622            usage()
623            sys.exit(0)
624        if opt == "--status-dev":
625            status_flag = True
626            status_dev = arg
627        if opt == "--status" or opt == "-s":
628            status_flag = True
629            status_dev = "all"
630        if opt == "--force":
631            force_flag = True
632        if opt == "-b" or opt == "-u" or opt == "--bind" or opt == "--unbind":
633            if b_flag is not None:
634                print("Error - Only one bind or unbind may be specified\n")
635                sys.exit(1)
636            if opt == "-u" or opt == "--unbind":
637                b_flag = "none"
638            else:
639                b_flag = arg
640
641
642def do_arg_actions():
643    '''do the actual action requested by the user'''
644    global b_flag
645    global status_flag
646    global force_flag
647    global args
648
649    if b_flag is None and not status_flag:
650        print("Error: No action specified for devices."
651              "Please give a -b or -u option")
652        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
653        sys.exit(1)
654
655    if b_flag is not None and len(args) == 0:
656        print("Error: No devices specified.")
657        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
658        sys.exit(1)
659
660    if b_flag == "none" or b_flag == "None":
661        unbind_all(args, force_flag)
662    elif b_flag is not None:
663        bind_all(args, b_flag, force_flag)
664    if status_flag:
665        if b_flag is not None:
666            clear_data()
667            # refresh if we have changed anything
668            get_device_details(network_devices)
669            get_device_details(crypto_devices)
670            get_device_details(eventdev_devices)
671            get_device_details(mempool_devices)
672        show_status()
673
674
675def main():
676    '''program main function'''
677    parse_args()
678    check_modules()
679    clear_data()
680    get_device_details(network_devices)
681    get_device_details(crypto_devices)
682    get_device_details(eventdev_devices)
683    get_device_details(mempool_devices)
684    do_arg_actions()
685
686if __name__ == "__main__":
687    main()
688