xref: /dpdk/examples/ipsec-secgw/ipsec.c (revision e977e4199a8d6bab72cf94e154adcad1fb964e5e)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
2  * Copyright(c) 2016-2017 Intel Corporation
3  */
4 #include <sys/types.h>
5 #include <netinet/in.h>
6 #include <netinet/ip.h>
7 
8 #include <rte_branch_prediction.h>
9 #include <rte_log.h>
10 #include <rte_crypto.h>
11 #include <rte_security.h>
12 #include <rte_cryptodev.h>
13 #include <rte_ethdev.h>
14 #include <rte_mbuf.h>
15 #include <rte_hash.h>
16 
17 #include "ipsec.h"
18 #include "esp.h"
19 
20 static inline void
21 set_ipsec_conf(struct ipsec_sa *sa, struct rte_security_ipsec_xform *ipsec)
22 {
23 	if (ipsec->mode == RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_SA_MODE_TUNNEL) {
24 		struct rte_security_ipsec_tunnel_param *tunnel =
25 				&ipsec->tunnel;
26 		if (sa->flags == IP4_TUNNEL) {
27 			tunnel->type =
28 				RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_TUNNEL_IPV4;
29 			tunnel->ipv4.ttl = IPDEFTTL;
30 
31 			memcpy((uint8_t *)&tunnel->ipv4.src_ip,
32 				(uint8_t *)&sa->src.ip.ip4, 4);
33 
34 			memcpy((uint8_t *)&tunnel->ipv4.dst_ip,
35 				(uint8_t *)&sa->dst.ip.ip4, 4);
36 		}
37 		/* TODO support for Transport and IPV6 tunnel */
38 	}
39 	ipsec->esn_soft_limit = IPSEC_OFFLOAD_ESN_SOFTLIMIT;
40 }
41 
42 static inline int
43 create_session(struct ipsec_ctx *ipsec_ctx, struct ipsec_sa *sa)
44 {
45 	struct rte_cryptodev_info cdev_info;
46 	unsigned long cdev_id_qp = 0;
47 	int32_t ret = 0;
48 	struct cdev_key key = { 0 };
49 
50 	key.lcore_id = (uint8_t)rte_lcore_id();
51 
52 	key.cipher_algo = (uint8_t)sa->cipher_algo;
53 	key.auth_algo = (uint8_t)sa->auth_algo;
54 	key.aead_algo = (uint8_t)sa->aead_algo;
55 
56 	if (sa->type == RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_NONE) {
57 		ret = rte_hash_lookup_data(ipsec_ctx->cdev_map, &key,
58 				(void **)&cdev_id_qp);
59 		if (ret < 0) {
60 			RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
61 				"No cryptodev: core %u, cipher_algo %u, "
62 				"auth_algo %u, aead_algo %u\n",
63 				key.lcore_id,
64 				key.cipher_algo,
65 				key.auth_algo,
66 				key.aead_algo);
67 			return -1;
68 		}
69 	}
70 
71 	RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, IPSEC, "Create session for SA spi %u on cryptodev "
72 			"%u qp %u\n", sa->spi,
73 			ipsec_ctx->tbl[cdev_id_qp].id,
74 			ipsec_ctx->tbl[cdev_id_qp].qp);
75 
76 	if (sa->type != RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_NONE) {
77 		struct rte_security_session_conf sess_conf = {
78 			.action_type = sa->type,
79 			.protocol = RTE_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_IPSEC,
80 			{.ipsec = {
81 				.spi = sa->spi,
82 				.salt = sa->salt,
83 				.options = { 0 },
84 				.direction = sa->direction,
85 				.proto = RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_SA_PROTO_ESP,
86 				.mode = (sa->flags == IP4_TUNNEL ||
87 						sa->flags == IP6_TUNNEL) ?
88 					RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_SA_MODE_TUNNEL :
89 					RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_SA_MODE_TRANSPORT,
90 			} },
91 			.crypto_xform = sa->xforms,
92 			.userdata = NULL,
93 
94 		};
95 
96 		if (sa->type == RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_LOOKASIDE_PROTOCOL) {
97 			struct rte_security_ctx *ctx = (struct rte_security_ctx *)
98 							rte_cryptodev_get_sec_ctx(
99 							ipsec_ctx->tbl[cdev_id_qp].id);
100 
101 			/* Set IPsec parameters in conf */
102 			set_ipsec_conf(sa, &(sess_conf.ipsec));
103 
104 			sa->sec_session = rte_security_session_create(ctx,
105 					&sess_conf, ipsec_ctx->session_pool);
106 			if (sa->sec_session == NULL) {
107 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
108 				"SEC Session init failed: err: %d\n", ret);
109 				return -1;
110 			}
111 		} else if (sa->type == RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_INLINE_CRYPTO) {
112 			struct rte_flow_error err;
113 			struct rte_security_ctx *ctx = (struct rte_security_ctx *)
114 							rte_eth_dev_get_sec_ctx(
115 							sa->portid);
116 			const struct rte_security_capability *sec_cap;
117 			int ret = 0;
118 
119 			sa->sec_session = rte_security_session_create(ctx,
120 					&sess_conf, ipsec_ctx->session_pool);
121 			if (sa->sec_session == NULL) {
122 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
123 				"SEC Session init failed: err: %d\n", ret);
124 				return -1;
125 			}
126 
127 			sec_cap = rte_security_capabilities_get(ctx);
128 
129 			/* iterate until ESP tunnel*/
130 			while (sec_cap->action !=
131 					RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_NONE) {
132 
133 				if (sec_cap->action == sa->type &&
134 				    sec_cap->protocol ==
135 					RTE_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_IPSEC &&
136 				    sec_cap->ipsec.mode ==
137 					RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_SA_MODE_TUNNEL &&
138 				    sec_cap->ipsec.direction == sa->direction)
139 					break;
140 				sec_cap++;
141 			}
142 
143 			if (sec_cap->action == RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_NONE) {
144 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
145 				"No suitable security capability found\n");
146 				return -1;
147 			}
148 
149 			sa->ol_flags = sec_cap->ol_flags;
150 			sa->security_ctx = ctx;
151 			sa->pattern[0].type = RTE_FLOW_ITEM_TYPE_ETH;
152 
153 			sa->pattern[1].type = RTE_FLOW_ITEM_TYPE_IPV4;
154 			sa->pattern[1].mask = &rte_flow_item_ipv4_mask;
155 			if (sa->flags & IP6_TUNNEL) {
156 				sa->pattern[1].spec = &sa->ipv6_spec;
157 				memcpy(sa->ipv6_spec.hdr.dst_addr,
158 					sa->dst.ip.ip6.ip6_b, 16);
159 				memcpy(sa->ipv6_spec.hdr.src_addr,
160 				       sa->src.ip.ip6.ip6_b, 16);
161 			} else {
162 				sa->pattern[1].spec = &sa->ipv4_spec;
163 				sa->ipv4_spec.hdr.dst_addr = sa->dst.ip.ip4;
164 				sa->ipv4_spec.hdr.src_addr = sa->src.ip.ip4;
165 			}
166 
167 			sa->pattern[2].type = RTE_FLOW_ITEM_TYPE_ESP;
168 			sa->pattern[2].spec = &sa->esp_spec;
169 			sa->pattern[2].mask = &rte_flow_item_esp_mask;
170 			sa->esp_spec.hdr.spi = rte_cpu_to_be_32(sa->spi);
171 
172 			sa->pattern[3].type = RTE_FLOW_ITEM_TYPE_END;
173 
174 			sa->action[0].type = RTE_FLOW_ACTION_TYPE_SECURITY;
175 			sa->action[0].conf = sa->sec_session;
176 
177 			sa->action[1].type = RTE_FLOW_ACTION_TYPE_END;
178 
179 			sa->attr.egress = (sa->direction ==
180 					RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_SA_DIR_EGRESS);
181 			sa->attr.ingress = (sa->direction ==
182 					RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_SA_DIR_INGRESS);
183 			if (sa->attr.ingress) {
184 				uint8_t rss_key[40];
185 				struct rte_eth_rss_conf rss_conf = {
186 					.rss_key = rss_key,
187 					.rss_key_len = 40,
188 				};
189 				struct rte_eth_dev *eth_dev;
190 				uint16_t queue[RTE_MAX_QUEUES_PER_PORT];
191 				struct rte_flow_action_rss action_rss;
192 				unsigned int i;
193 				unsigned int j;
194 
195 				sa->action[2].type = RTE_FLOW_ACTION_TYPE_END;
196 				/* Try RSS. */
197 				sa->action[1].type = RTE_FLOW_ACTION_TYPE_RSS;
198 				sa->action[1].conf = &action_rss;
199 				eth_dev = ctx->device;
200 				rte_eth_dev_rss_hash_conf_get(sa->portid,
201 							      &rss_conf);
202 				for (i = 0, j = 0;
203 				     i < eth_dev->data->nb_rx_queues; ++i)
204 					if (eth_dev->data->rx_queues[i])
205 						queue[j++] = i;
206 				action_rss = (struct rte_flow_action_rss){
207 					.types = rss_conf.rss_hf,
208 					.key_len = rss_conf.rss_key_len,
209 					.queue_num = j,
210 					.key = rss_key,
211 					.queue = queue,
212 				};
213 				ret = rte_flow_validate(sa->portid, &sa->attr,
214 							sa->pattern, sa->action,
215 							&err);
216 				if (!ret)
217 					goto flow_create;
218 				/* Try Queue. */
219 				sa->action[1].type = RTE_FLOW_ACTION_TYPE_QUEUE;
220 				sa->action[1].conf =
221 					&(struct rte_flow_action_queue){
222 					.index = 0,
223 				};
224 				ret = rte_flow_validate(sa->portid, &sa->attr,
225 							sa->pattern, sa->action,
226 							&err);
227 				/* Try End. */
228 				sa->action[1].type = RTE_FLOW_ACTION_TYPE_END;
229 				sa->action[1].conf = NULL;
230 				ret = rte_flow_validate(sa->portid, &sa->attr,
231 							sa->pattern, sa->action,
232 							&err);
233 				if (ret)
234 					goto flow_create_failure;
235 			} else if (sa->attr.egress &&
236 				   (sa->ol_flags &
237 				    RTE_SECURITY_TX_HW_TRAILER_OFFLOAD)) {
238 				sa->action[1].type =
239 					RTE_FLOW_ACTION_TYPE_PASSTHRU;
240 				sa->action[2].type =
241 					RTE_FLOW_ACTION_TYPE_END;
242 			}
243 flow_create:
244 			sa->flow = rte_flow_create(sa->portid,
245 				&sa->attr, sa->pattern, sa->action, &err);
246 			if (sa->flow == NULL) {
247 flow_create_failure:
248 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
249 					"Failed to create ipsec flow msg: %s\n",
250 					err.message);
251 				return -1;
252 			}
253 		} else if (sa->type ==
254 				RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_INLINE_PROTOCOL) {
255 			struct rte_security_ctx *ctx =
256 					(struct rte_security_ctx *)
257 					rte_eth_dev_get_sec_ctx(sa->portid);
258 			const struct rte_security_capability *sec_cap;
259 
260 			if (ctx == NULL) {
261 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
262 				"Ethernet device doesn't have security features registered\n");
263 				return -1;
264 			}
265 
266 			/* Set IPsec parameters in conf */
267 			set_ipsec_conf(sa, &(sess_conf.ipsec));
268 
269 			/* Save SA as userdata for the security session. When
270 			 * the packet is received, this userdata will be
271 			 * retrieved using the metadata from the packet.
272 			 *
273 			 * The PMD is expected to set similar metadata for other
274 			 * operations, like rte_eth_event, which are tied to
275 			 * security session. In such cases, the userdata could
276 			 * be obtained to uniquely identify the security
277 			 * parameters denoted.
278 			 */
279 
280 			sess_conf.userdata = (void *) sa;
281 
282 			sa->sec_session = rte_security_session_create(ctx,
283 					&sess_conf, ipsec_ctx->session_pool);
284 			if (sa->sec_session == NULL) {
285 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
286 				"SEC Session init failed: err: %d\n", ret);
287 				return -1;
288 			}
289 
290 			sec_cap = rte_security_capabilities_get(ctx);
291 
292 			if (sec_cap == NULL) {
293 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
294 				"No capabilities registered\n");
295 				return -1;
296 			}
297 
298 			/* iterate until ESP tunnel*/
299 			while (sec_cap->action !=
300 					RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_NONE) {
301 
302 				if (sec_cap->action == sa->type &&
303 				    sec_cap->protocol ==
304 					RTE_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_IPSEC &&
305 				    sec_cap->ipsec.mode ==
306 					RTE_SECURITY_IPSEC_SA_MODE_TUNNEL &&
307 				    sec_cap->ipsec.direction == sa->direction)
308 					break;
309 				sec_cap++;
310 			}
311 
312 			if (sec_cap->action == RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_NONE) {
313 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
314 				"No suitable security capability found\n");
315 				return -1;
316 			}
317 
318 			sa->ol_flags = sec_cap->ol_flags;
319 			sa->security_ctx = ctx;
320 		}
321 	} else {
322 		sa->crypto_session = rte_cryptodev_sym_session_create(
323 				ipsec_ctx->session_pool);
324 		rte_cryptodev_sym_session_init(ipsec_ctx->tbl[cdev_id_qp].id,
325 				sa->crypto_session, sa->xforms,
326 				ipsec_ctx->session_pool);
327 
328 		rte_cryptodev_info_get(ipsec_ctx->tbl[cdev_id_qp].id,
329 				&cdev_info);
330 		if (cdev_info.sym.max_nb_sessions_per_qp > 0) {
331 			ret = rte_cryptodev_queue_pair_attach_sym_session(
332 					ipsec_ctx->tbl[cdev_id_qp].id,
333 					ipsec_ctx->tbl[cdev_id_qp].qp,
334 					sa->crypto_session);
335 			if (ret < 0) {
336 				RTE_LOG(ERR, IPSEC,
337 					"Session cannot be attached to qp %u\n",
338 					ipsec_ctx->tbl[cdev_id_qp].qp);
339 				return -1;
340 			}
341 		}
342 	}
343 	sa->cdev_id_qp = cdev_id_qp;
344 
345 	return 0;
346 }
347 
348 static inline void
349 enqueue_cop(struct cdev_qp *cqp, struct rte_crypto_op *cop)
350 {
351 	int32_t ret = 0, i;
352 
353 	cqp->buf[cqp->len++] = cop;
354 
355 	if (cqp->len == MAX_PKT_BURST) {
356 		int enq_size = cqp->len;
357 		if ((cqp->in_flight + enq_size) > MAX_INFLIGHT)
358 			enq_size -=
359 			    (int)((cqp->in_flight + enq_size) - MAX_INFLIGHT);
360 
361 		if (enq_size > 0)
362 			ret = rte_cryptodev_enqueue_burst(cqp->id, cqp->qp,
363 					cqp->buf, enq_size);
364 		if (ret < cqp->len) {
365 			RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, IPSEC, "Cryptodev %u queue %u:"
366 					" enqueued %u crypto ops out of %u\n",
367 					 cqp->id, cqp->qp,
368 					 ret, cqp->len);
369 			for (i = ret; i < cqp->len; i++)
370 				rte_pktmbuf_free(cqp->buf[i]->sym->m_src);
371 		}
372 		cqp->in_flight += ret;
373 		cqp->len = 0;
374 	}
375 }
376 
377 static inline void
378 ipsec_enqueue(ipsec_xform_fn xform_func, struct ipsec_ctx *ipsec_ctx,
379 		struct rte_mbuf *pkts[], struct ipsec_sa *sas[],
380 		uint16_t nb_pkts)
381 {
382 	int32_t ret = 0, i;
383 	struct ipsec_mbuf_metadata *priv;
384 	struct rte_crypto_sym_op *sym_cop;
385 	struct ipsec_sa *sa;
386 
387 	for (i = 0; i < nb_pkts; i++) {
388 		if (unlikely(sas[i] == NULL)) {
389 			rte_pktmbuf_free(pkts[i]);
390 			continue;
391 		}
392 
393 		rte_prefetch0(sas[i]);
394 		rte_prefetch0(pkts[i]);
395 
396 		priv = get_priv(pkts[i]);
397 		sa = sas[i];
398 		priv->sa = sa;
399 
400 		switch (sa->type) {
401 		case RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_LOOKASIDE_PROTOCOL:
402 			priv->cop.type = RTE_CRYPTO_OP_TYPE_SYMMETRIC;
403 			priv->cop.status = RTE_CRYPTO_OP_STATUS_NOT_PROCESSED;
404 
405 			rte_prefetch0(&priv->sym_cop);
406 
407 			if ((unlikely(sa->sec_session == NULL)) &&
408 					create_session(ipsec_ctx, sa)) {
409 				rte_pktmbuf_free(pkts[i]);
410 				continue;
411 			}
412 
413 			sym_cop = get_sym_cop(&priv->cop);
414 			sym_cop->m_src = pkts[i];
415 
416 			rte_security_attach_session(&priv->cop,
417 					sa->sec_session);
418 			break;
419 		case RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_NONE:
420 
421 			priv->cop.type = RTE_CRYPTO_OP_TYPE_SYMMETRIC;
422 			priv->cop.status = RTE_CRYPTO_OP_STATUS_NOT_PROCESSED;
423 
424 			rte_prefetch0(&priv->sym_cop);
425 
426 			if ((unlikely(sa->crypto_session == NULL)) &&
427 					create_session(ipsec_ctx, sa)) {
428 				rte_pktmbuf_free(pkts[i]);
429 				continue;
430 			}
431 
432 			rte_crypto_op_attach_sym_session(&priv->cop,
433 					sa->crypto_session);
434 
435 			ret = xform_func(pkts[i], sa, &priv->cop);
436 			if (unlikely(ret)) {
437 				rte_pktmbuf_free(pkts[i]);
438 				continue;
439 			}
440 			break;
441 		case RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_INLINE_PROTOCOL:
442 			if ((unlikely(sa->sec_session == NULL)) &&
443 					create_session(ipsec_ctx, sa)) {
444 				rte_pktmbuf_free(pkts[i]);
445 				continue;
446 			}
447 
448 			ipsec_ctx->ol_pkts[ipsec_ctx->ol_pkts_cnt++] = pkts[i];
449 			if (sa->ol_flags & RTE_SECURITY_TX_OLOAD_NEED_MDATA)
450 				rte_security_set_pkt_metadata(
451 						sa->security_ctx,
452 						sa->sec_session, pkts[i], NULL);
453 			continue;
454 		case RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_INLINE_CRYPTO:
455 			priv->cop.type = RTE_CRYPTO_OP_TYPE_SYMMETRIC;
456 			priv->cop.status = RTE_CRYPTO_OP_STATUS_NOT_PROCESSED;
457 
458 			rte_prefetch0(&priv->sym_cop);
459 
460 			if ((unlikely(sa->sec_session == NULL)) &&
461 					create_session(ipsec_ctx, sa)) {
462 				rte_pktmbuf_free(pkts[i]);
463 				continue;
464 			}
465 
466 			rte_security_attach_session(&priv->cop,
467 					sa->sec_session);
468 
469 			ret = xform_func(pkts[i], sa, &priv->cop);
470 			if (unlikely(ret)) {
471 				rte_pktmbuf_free(pkts[i]);
472 				continue;
473 			}
474 
475 			ipsec_ctx->ol_pkts[ipsec_ctx->ol_pkts_cnt++] = pkts[i];
476 			if (sa->ol_flags & RTE_SECURITY_TX_OLOAD_NEED_MDATA)
477 				rte_security_set_pkt_metadata(
478 						sa->security_ctx,
479 						sa->sec_session, pkts[i], NULL);
480 			continue;
481 		}
482 
483 		RTE_ASSERT(sa->cdev_id_qp < ipsec_ctx->nb_qps);
484 		enqueue_cop(&ipsec_ctx->tbl[sa->cdev_id_qp], &priv->cop);
485 	}
486 }
487 
488 static inline int
489 ipsec_dequeue(ipsec_xform_fn xform_func, struct ipsec_ctx *ipsec_ctx,
490 	      struct rte_mbuf *pkts[], uint16_t max_pkts)
491 {
492 	int32_t nb_pkts = 0, ret = 0, i, j, nb_cops;
493 	struct ipsec_mbuf_metadata *priv;
494 	struct rte_crypto_op *cops[max_pkts];
495 	struct ipsec_sa *sa;
496 	struct rte_mbuf *pkt;
497 
498 	for (i = 0; i < ipsec_ctx->nb_qps && nb_pkts < max_pkts; i++) {
499 		struct cdev_qp *cqp;
500 
501 		cqp = &ipsec_ctx->tbl[ipsec_ctx->last_qp++];
502 		if (ipsec_ctx->last_qp == ipsec_ctx->nb_qps)
503 			ipsec_ctx->last_qp %= ipsec_ctx->nb_qps;
504 
505 		while (ipsec_ctx->ol_pkts_cnt > 0 && nb_pkts < max_pkts) {
506 			pkt = ipsec_ctx->ol_pkts[--ipsec_ctx->ol_pkts_cnt];
507 			rte_prefetch0(pkt);
508 			priv = get_priv(pkt);
509 			sa = priv->sa;
510 			ret = xform_func(pkt, sa, &priv->cop);
511 			if (unlikely(ret)) {
512 				rte_pktmbuf_free(pkt);
513 				continue;
514 			}
515 			pkts[nb_pkts++] = pkt;
516 		}
517 
518 		if (cqp->in_flight == 0)
519 			continue;
520 
521 		nb_cops = rte_cryptodev_dequeue_burst(cqp->id, cqp->qp,
522 				cops, max_pkts - nb_pkts);
523 
524 		cqp->in_flight -= nb_cops;
525 
526 		for (j = 0; j < nb_cops; j++) {
527 			pkt = cops[j]->sym->m_src;
528 			rte_prefetch0(pkt);
529 
530 			priv = get_priv(pkt);
531 			sa = priv->sa;
532 
533 			RTE_ASSERT(sa != NULL);
534 
535 			if (sa->type == RTE_SECURITY_ACTION_TYPE_NONE) {
536 				ret = xform_func(pkt, sa, cops[j]);
537 				if (unlikely(ret)) {
538 					rte_pktmbuf_free(pkt);
539 					continue;
540 				}
541 			}
542 			pkts[nb_pkts++] = pkt;
543 		}
544 	}
545 
546 	/* return packets */
547 	return nb_pkts;
548 }
549 
550 uint16_t
551 ipsec_inbound(struct ipsec_ctx *ctx, struct rte_mbuf *pkts[],
552 		uint16_t nb_pkts, uint16_t len)
553 {
554 	struct ipsec_sa *sas[nb_pkts];
555 
556 	inbound_sa_lookup(ctx->sa_ctx, pkts, sas, nb_pkts);
557 
558 	ipsec_enqueue(esp_inbound, ctx, pkts, sas, nb_pkts);
559 
560 	return ipsec_dequeue(esp_inbound_post, ctx, pkts, len);
561 }
562 
563 uint16_t
564 ipsec_outbound(struct ipsec_ctx *ctx, struct rte_mbuf *pkts[],
565 		uint32_t sa_idx[], uint16_t nb_pkts, uint16_t len)
566 {
567 	struct ipsec_sa *sas[nb_pkts];
568 
569 	outbound_sa_lookup(ctx->sa_ctx, sa_idx, sas, nb_pkts);
570 
571 	ipsec_enqueue(esp_outbound, ctx, pkts, sas, nb_pkts);
572 
573 	return ipsec_dequeue(esp_outbound_post, ctx, pkts, len);
574 }
575