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30
31IPsec Security Gateway Sample Application
32=========================================
33
34The IPsec Security Gateway application is an example of a "real world"
35application using DPDK cryptodev framework.
36
37Overview
38--------
39
40The application demonstrates the implementation of a Security Gateway
41(not IPsec compliant, see the Constraints section below) using DPDK based on RFC4301,
42RFC4303, RFC3602 and RFC2404.
43
44Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is not implemented, so only manual setting of
45Security Policies and Security Associations is supported.
46
47The Security Policies (SP) are implemented as ACL rules, the Security
48Associations (SA) are stored in a table and the routing is implemented
49using LPM.
50
51The application classifies the ports as *Protected* and *Unprotected*.
52Thus, traffic received on an Unprotected or Protected port is consider
53Inbound or Outbound respectively.
54
55The application also supports complete IPSec protocol offload to hardware
56(Look aside crypto accelarator or using ethernet device). It also support
57inline ipsec processing by the supported ethernet device during transmission.
58These modes can be selected during the SA creation configuration.
59
60In case of complete protocol offload, the processing of headers(ESP and outer
61IP header) is done by the hardware and the application does not need to
62add/remove them during outbound/inbound processing.
63
64For inline offloaded outbound traffic, the application will not do the LPM
65lookup for routing, as the port on which the packet has to be forwarded will be
66part of the SA. Security parameters will be configured on that port only, and
67sending the packet on other ports could result in unencrypted packets being
68sent out.
69
70The Path for IPsec Inbound traffic is:
71
72*  Read packets from the port.
73*  Classify packets between IPv4 and ESP.
74*  Perform Inbound SA lookup for ESP packets based on their SPI.
75*  Perform Verification/Decryption (Not needed in case of inline ipsec).
76*  Remove ESP and outer IP header (Not needed in case of protocol offload).
77*  Inbound SP check using ACL of decrypted packets and any other IPv4 packets.
78*  Routing.
79*  Write packet to port.
80
81The Path for the IPsec Outbound traffic is:
82
83*  Read packets from the port.
84*  Perform Outbound SP check using ACL of all IPv4 traffic.
85*  Perform Outbound SA lookup for packets that need IPsec protection.
86*  Add ESP and outer IP header (Not needed in case protocol offload).
87*  Perform Encryption/Digest (Not needed in case of inline ipsec).
88*  Routing.
89*  Write packet to port.
90
91
92Constraints
93-----------
94
95*  No IPv6 options headers.
96*  No AH mode.
97*  Supported algorithms: AES-CBC, AES-CTR, AES-GCM, HMAC-SHA1 and NULL.
98*  Each SA must be handle by a unique lcore (*1 RX queue per port*).
99*  No chained mbufs.
100
101Compiling the Application
102-------------------------
103
104To compile the sample application see :doc:`compiling`.
105
106The application is located in the ``rpsec-secgw`` sub-directory.
107
108#. [Optional] Build the application for debugging:
109   This option adds some extra flags, disables compiler optimizations and
110   is verbose::
111
112       make DEBUG=1
113
114
115Running the Application
116-----------------------
117
118The application has a number of command line options::
119
120
121   ./build/ipsec-secgw [EAL options] --
122                        -p PORTMASK -P -u PORTMASK -j FRAMESIZE
123                        --config (port,queue,lcore)[,(port,queue,lcore]
124                        --single-sa SAIDX
125                        -f CONFIG_FILE_PATH
126
127Where:
128
129*   ``-p PORTMASK``: Hexadecimal bitmask of ports to configure.
130
131*   ``-P``: *optional*. Sets all ports to promiscuous mode so that packets are
132    accepted regardless of the packet's Ethernet MAC destination address.
133    Without this option, only packets with the Ethernet MAC destination address
134    set to the Ethernet address of the port are accepted (default is enabled).
135
136*   ``-u PORTMASK``: hexadecimal bitmask of unprotected ports
137
138*   ``-j FRAMESIZE``: *optional*. Enables jumbo frames with the maximum size
139    specified as FRAMESIZE. If an invalid value is provided as FRAMESIZE
140    then the default value 9000 is used.
141
142*   ``--config (port,queue,lcore)[,(port,queue,lcore)]``: determines which queues
143    from which ports are mapped to which cores.
144
145*   ``--single-sa SAIDX``: use a single SA for outbound traffic, bypassing the SP
146    on both Inbound and Outbound. This option is meant for debugging/performance
147    purposes.
148
149*   ``-f CONFIG_FILE_PATH``: the full path of text-based file containing all
150    configuration items for running the application (See Configuration file
151    syntax section below). ``-f CONFIG_FILE_PATH`` **must** be specified.
152    **ONLY** the UNIX format configuration file is accepted.
153
154
155The mapping of lcores to port/queues is similar to other l3fwd applications.
156
157For example, given the following command line::
158
159    ./build/ipsec-secgw -l 20,21 -n 4 --socket-mem 0,2048       \
160           --vdev "crypto_null" -- -p 0xf -P -u 0x3      \
161           --config="(0,0,20),(1,0,20),(2,0,21),(3,0,21)"       \
162           -f /path/to/config_file                              \
163
164where each options means:
165
166*   The ``-l`` option enables cores 20 and 21.
167
168*   The ``-n`` option sets memory 4 channels.
169
170*   The ``--socket-mem`` to use 2GB on socket 1.
171
172*   The ``--vdev "crypto_null"`` option creates virtual NULL cryptodev PMD.
173
174*   The ``-p`` option enables ports (detected) 0, 1, 2 and 3.
175
176*   The ``-P`` option enables promiscuous mode.
177
178*   The ``-u`` option sets ports 1 and 2 as unprotected, leaving 2 and 3 as protected.
179
180*   The ``--config`` option enables one queue per port with the following mapping:
181
182    +----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------------------------+
183    | **Port** | **Queue** | **lcore** | **Description**                       |
184    |          |           |           |                                       |
185    +----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------------------------+
186    | 0        | 0         | 20        | Map queue 0 from port 0 to lcore 20.  |
187    |          |           |           |                                       |
188    +----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------------------------+
189    | 1        | 0         | 20        | Map queue 0 from port 1 to lcore 20.  |
190    |          |           |           |                                       |
191    +----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------------------------+
192    | 2        | 0         | 21        | Map queue 0 from port 2 to lcore 21.  |
193    |          |           |           |                                       |
194    +----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------------------------+
195    | 3        | 0         | 21        | Map queue 0 from port 3 to lcore 21.  |
196    |          |           |           |                                       |
197    +----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------------------------+
198
199*   The ``-f /path/to/config_file`` option enables the application read and
200    parse the configuration file specified, and configures the application
201    with a given set of SP, SA and Routing entries accordingly. The syntax of
202    the configuration file will be explained below in more detail. Please
203    **note** the parser only accepts UNIX format text file. Other formats
204    such as DOS/MAC format will cause a parse error.
205
206Refer to the *DPDK Getting Started Guide* for general information on running
207applications and the Environment Abstraction Layer (EAL) options.
208
209The application would do a best effort to "map" crypto devices to cores, with
210hardware devices having priority. Basically, hardware devices if present would
211be assigned to a core before software ones.
212This means that if the application is using a single core and both hardware
213and software crypto devices are detected, hardware devices will be used.
214
215A way to achieve the case where you want to force the use of virtual crypto
216devices is to whitelist the Ethernet devices needed and therefore implicitly
217blacklisting all hardware crypto devices.
218
219For example, something like the following command line:
220
221.. code-block:: console
222
223    ./build/ipsec-secgw -l 20,21 -n 4 --socket-mem 0,2048 \
224            -w 81:00.0 -w 81:00.1 -w 81:00.2 -w 81:00.3 \
225            --vdev "crypto_aesni_mb" --vdev "crypto_null" \
226	    -- \
227            -p 0xf -P -u 0x3 --config="(0,0,20),(1,0,20),(2,0,21),(3,0,21)" \
228            -f sample.cfg
229
230
231Configurations
232--------------
233
234The following sections provide the syntax of configurations to initialize
235your SP, SA and Routing tables.
236Configurations shall be specified in the configuration file to be passed to
237the application. The file is then parsed by the application. The successful
238parsing will result in the appropriate rules being applied to the tables
239accordingly.
240
241
242Configuration File Syntax
243~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
244
245As mention in the overview, the Security Policies are ACL rules.
246The application parsers the rules specified in the configuration file and
247passes them to the ACL table, and replicates them per socket in use.
248
249Following are the configuration file syntax.
250
251General rule syntax
252^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
253
254The parse treats one line in the configuration file as one configuration
255item (unless the line concatenation symbol exists). Every configuration
256item shall follow the syntax of either SP, SA, or Routing rules specified
257below.
258
259The configuration parser supports the following special symbols:
260
261 * Comment symbol **#**. Any character from this symbol to the end of
262   line is treated as comment and will not be parsed.
263
264 * Line concatenation symbol **\\**. This symbol shall be placed in the end
265   of the line to be concatenated to the line below. Multiple lines'
266   concatenation is supported.
267
268
269SP rule syntax
270^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
271
272The SP rule syntax is shown as follows:
273
274.. code-block:: console
275
276    sp <ip_ver> <dir> esp <action> <priority> <src_ip> <dst_ip>
277    <proto> <sport> <dport>
278
279
280where each options means:
281
282``<ip_ver>``
283
284 * IP protocol version
285
286 * Optional: No
287
288 * Available options:
289
290   * *ipv4*: IP protocol version 4
291   * *ipv6*: IP protocol version 6
292
293``<dir>``
294
295 * The traffic direction
296
297 * Optional: No
298
299 * Available options:
300
301   * *in*: inbound traffic
302   * *out*: outbound traffic
303
304``<action>``
305
306 * IPsec action
307
308 * Optional: No
309
310 * Available options:
311
312   * *protect <SA_idx>*: the specified traffic is protected by SA rule
313     with id SA_idx
314   * *bypass*: the specified traffic traffic is bypassed
315   * *discard*: the specified traffic is discarded
316
317``<priority>``
318
319 * Rule priority
320
321 * Optional: Yes, default priority 0 will be used
322
323 * Syntax: *pri <id>*
324
325``<src_ip>``
326
327 * The source IP address and mask
328
329 * Optional: Yes, default address 0.0.0.0 and mask of 0 will be used
330
331 * Syntax:
332
333   * *src X.X.X.X/Y* for IPv4
334   * *src XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX/Y* for IPv6
335
336``<dst_ip>``
337
338 * The destination IP address and mask
339
340 * Optional: Yes, default address 0.0.0.0 and mask of 0 will be used
341
342 * Syntax:
343
344   * *dst X.X.X.X/Y* for IPv4
345   * *dst XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX/Y* for IPv6
346
347``<proto>``
348
349 * The protocol start and end range
350
351 * Optional: yes, default range of 0 to 0 will be used
352
353 * Syntax: *proto X:Y*
354
355``<sport>``
356
357 * The source port start and end range
358
359 * Optional: yes, default range of 0 to 0 will be used
360
361 * Syntax: *sport X:Y*
362
363``<dport>``
364
365 * The destination port start and end range
366
367 * Optional: yes, default range of 0 to 0 will be used
368
369 * Syntax: *dport X:Y*
370
371Example SP rules:
372
373.. code-block:: console
374
375    sp ipv4 out esp protect 105 pri 1 dst 192.168.115.0/24 sport 0:65535 \
376    dport 0:65535
377
378    sp ipv6 in esp bypass pri 1 dst 0000:0000:0000:0000:5555:5555:\
379    0000:0000/96 sport 0:65535 dport 0:65535
380
381
382SA rule syntax
383^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
384
385The successfully parsed SA rules will be stored in an array table.
386
387The SA rule syntax is shown as follows:
388
389.. code-block:: console
390
391    sa <dir> <spi> <cipher_algo> <cipher_key> <auth_algo> <auth_key>
392    <mode> <src_ip> <dst_ip> <action_type> <port_id>
393
394where each options means:
395
396``<dir>``
397
398 * The traffic direction
399
400 * Optional: No
401
402 * Available options:
403
404   * *in*: inbound traffic
405   * *out*: outbound traffic
406
407``<spi>``
408
409 * The SPI number
410
411 * Optional: No
412
413 * Syntax: unsigned integer number
414
415``<cipher_algo>``
416
417 * Cipher algorithm
418
419 * Optional: Yes, unless <aead_algo> is not used
420
421 * Available options:
422
423   * *null*: NULL algorithm
424   * *aes-128-cbc*: AES-CBC 128-bit algorithm
425   * *aes-128-ctr*: AES-CTR 128-bit algorithm
426
427 * Syntax: *cipher_algo <your algorithm>*
428
429``<cipher_key>``
430
431 * Cipher key, NOT available when 'null' algorithm is used
432
433 * Optional: Yes, unless <aead_algo> is not used.
434   Must be followed by <cipher_algo> option
435
436 * Syntax: Hexadecimal bytes (0x0-0xFF) concatenate by colon symbol ':'.
437   The number of bytes should be as same as the specified cipher algorithm
438   key size.
439
440   For example: *cipher_key A1:B2:C3:D4:A1:B2:C3:D4:A1:B2:C3:D4:
441   A1:B2:C3:D4*
442
443``<auth_algo>``
444
445 * Authentication algorithm
446
447 * Optional: Yes, unless <aead_algo> is not used
448
449 * Available options:
450
451    * *null*: NULL algorithm
452    * *sha1-hmac*: HMAC SHA1 algorithm
453
454``<auth_key>``
455
456 * Authentication key, NOT available when 'null' or 'aes-128-gcm' algorithm
457   is used.
458
459 * Optional: Yes, unless <aead_algo> is not used.
460   Must be followed by <auth_algo> option
461
462 * Syntax: Hexadecimal bytes (0x0-0xFF) concatenate by colon symbol ':'.
463   The number of bytes should be as same as the specified authentication
464   algorithm key size.
465
466   For example: *auth_key A1:B2:C3:D4:A1:B2:C3:D4:A1:B2:C3:D4:A1:B2:C3:D4:
467   A1:B2:C3:D4*
468
469``<aead_algo>``
470
471 * AEAD algorithm
472
473 * Optional: Yes, unless <cipher_algo> and <auth_algo> are not used
474
475 * Available options:
476
477   * *aes-128-gcm*: AES-GCM 128-bit algorithm
478
479 * Syntax: *cipher_algo <your algorithm>*
480
481``<aead_key>``
482
483 * Cipher key, NOT available when 'null' algorithm is used
484
485 * Optional: Yes, unless <cipher_algo> and <auth_algo> are not used.
486   Must be followed by <aead_algo> option
487
488 * Syntax: Hexadecimal bytes (0x0-0xFF) concatenate by colon symbol ':'.
489   The number of bytes should be as same as the specified AEAD algorithm
490   key size.
491
492   For example: *aead_key A1:B2:C3:D4:A1:B2:C3:D4:A1:B2:C3:D4:
493   A1:B2:C3:D4*
494
495``<mode>``
496
497 * The operation mode
498
499 * Optional: No
500
501 * Available options:
502
503   * *ipv4-tunnel*: Tunnel mode for IPv4 packets
504   * *ipv6-tunnel*: Tunnel mode for IPv6 packets
505   * *transport*: transport mode
506
507 * Syntax: mode XXX
508
509``<src_ip>``
510
511 * The source IP address. This option is not available when
512   transport mode is used
513
514 * Optional: Yes, default address 0.0.0.0 will be used
515
516 * Syntax:
517
518   * *src X.X.X.X* for IPv4
519   * *src XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX* for IPv6
520
521``<dst_ip>``
522
523 * The destination IP address. This option is not available when
524   transport mode is used
525
526 * Optional: Yes, default address 0.0.0.0 will be used
527
528 * Syntax:
529
530   * *dst X.X.X.X* for IPv4
531   * *dst XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX* for IPv6
532
533``<type>``
534
535 * Action type to specify the security action. This option specify
536   the SA to be performed with look aside protocol offload to HW
537   accelerator or protocol offload on ethernet device or inline
538   crypto processing on the ethernet device during transmission.
539
540 * Optional: Yes, default type *no-offload*
541
542 * Available options:
543
544   * *lookaside-protocol-offload*: look aside protocol offload to HW accelerator
545   * *inline-protocol-offload*: inline protocol offload on ethernet device
546   * *inline-crypto-offload*: inline crypto processing on ethernet device
547   * *no-offload*: no offloading to hardware
548
549 ``<port_id>``
550
551 * Port/device ID of the ethernet/crypto accelerator for which the SA is
552   configured. For *inline-crypto-offload* and *inline-protocol-offload*, this
553   port will be used for routing. The routing table will not be referred in
554   this case.
555
556 * Optional: No, if *type* is not *no-offload*
557
558 * Syntax:
559
560   * *port_id X* X is a valid device number in decimal
561
562
563Example SA rules:
564
565.. code-block:: console
566
567    sa out 5 cipher_algo null auth_algo null mode ipv4-tunnel \
568    src 172.16.1.5 dst 172.16.2.5
569
570    sa out 25 cipher_algo aes-128-cbc \
571    cipher_key c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3 \
572    auth_algo sha1-hmac \
573    auth_key c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3 \
574    mode ipv6-tunnel \
575    src 1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:5555 \
576    dst 2222:2222:2222:2222:2222:2222:2222:5555
577
578    sa in 105 aead_algo aes-128-gcm \
579    aead_key de:ad:be:ef:de:ad:be:ef:de:ad:be:ef:de:ad:be:ef:de:ad:be:ef \
580    mode ipv4-tunnel src 172.16.2.5 dst 172.16.1.5
581
582    sa out 5 cipher_algo aes-128-cbc cipher_key 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 \
583    auth_algo sha1-hmac auth_key 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 \
584    mode ipv4-tunnel src 172.16.1.5 dst 172.16.2.5 \
585    type lookaside-protocol-offload port_id 4
586
587Routing rule syntax
588^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
589
590The Routing rule syntax is shown as follows:
591
592.. code-block:: console
593
594    rt <ip_ver> <src_ip> <dst_ip> <port>
595
596
597where each options means:
598
599``<ip_ver>``
600
601 * IP protocol version
602
603 * Optional: No
604
605 * Available options:
606
607   * *ipv4*: IP protocol version 4
608   * *ipv6*: IP protocol version 6
609
610``<src_ip>``
611
612 * The source IP address and mask
613
614 * Optional: Yes, default address 0.0.0.0 and mask of 0 will be used
615
616 * Syntax:
617
618   * *src X.X.X.X/Y* for IPv4
619   * *src XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX/Y* for IPv6
620
621``<dst_ip>``
622
623 * The destination IP address and mask
624
625 * Optional: Yes, default address 0.0.0.0 and mask of 0 will be used
626
627 * Syntax:
628
629   * *dst X.X.X.X/Y* for IPv4
630   * *dst XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX/Y* for IPv6
631
632``<port>``
633
634 * The traffic output port id
635
636 * Optional: yes, default output port 0 will be used
637
638 * Syntax: *port X*
639
640Example SP rules:
641
642.. code-block:: console
643
644    rt ipv4 dst 172.16.1.5/32 port 0
645
646    rt ipv6 dst 1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:5555/116 port 0
647