xref: /dflybsd-src/lib/libc/stdio/vfprintf.c (revision 17ea22213f86a5c5966c1e6bf8e95f022ebb92b9)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Chris Torek.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
19  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22  *    without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
35  *
36  * @(#)vfprintf.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
37  * $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdio/vfprintf.c,v 1.22.2.5 2002/10/12 10:46:37 schweikh Exp $
38  * $DragonFly: src/lib/libc/stdio/vfprintf.c,v 1.6 2005/01/31 22:29:40 dillon Exp $
39  */
40 
41 /*
42  * Actual printf innards.
43  *
44  * This code is large and complicated...
45  */
46 
47 #include "namespace.h"
48 #include <sys/types.h>
49 
50 #include <limits.h>
51 #include <stdio.h>
52 #include <stdlib.h>
53 #include <string.h>
54 
55 #include <stdarg.h>
56 #include "un-namespace.h"
57 
58 #include "libc_private.h"
59 #include "local.h"
60 #include "fvwrite.h"
61 
62 /* Define FLOATING_POINT to get floating point. */
63 #define	FLOATING_POINT
64 
65 static int	__sprint (FILE *, struct __suio *);
66 static int	__sbprintf (FILE *, const char *, va_list);
67 static char *	__ultoa (u_long, char *, int, int, char *);
68 static char *	__uqtoa (u_quad_t, char *, int, int, char *);
69 static void	__find_arguments (const char *, va_list, void ***);
70 static void	__grow_type_table (int, unsigned char **, int *);
71 
72 /*
73  * Flush out all the vectors defined by the given uio,
74  * then reset it so that it can be reused.
75  */
76 static int
77 __sprint(FILE *fp, struct __suio *uio)
78 {
79 	int err;
80 
81 	if (uio->uio_resid == 0) {
82 		uio->uio_iovcnt = 0;
83 		return (0);
84 	}
85 	err = __sfvwrite(fp, uio);
86 	uio->uio_resid = 0;
87 	uio->uio_iovcnt = 0;
88 	return (err);
89 }
90 
91 /*
92  * Helper function for `fprintf to unbuffered unix file': creates a
93  * temporary buffer.  We only work on write-only files; this avoids
94  * worries about ungetc buffers and so forth.
95  */
96 static int
97 __sbprintf(FILE *fp, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
98 {
99 	int ret;
100 	FILE fake;
101 	unsigned char buf[BUFSIZ];
102 
103 	/* copy the important variables */
104 	fake._flags = fp->_flags & ~__SNBF;
105 	fake._file = fp->_file;
106 	fake._cookie = fp->_cookie;
107 	fake._write = fp->_write;
108 
109 	/* set up the buffer */
110 	fake._bf._base = fake._p = buf;
111 	fake._bf._size = fake._w = sizeof(buf);
112 	fake._lbfsize = 0;	/* not actually used, but Just In Case */
113 
114 	/* do the work, then copy any error status */
115 	ret = __vfprintf(&fake, fmt, ap);
116 	if (ret >= 0 && __fflush(&fake))
117 		ret = EOF;
118 	if (fake._flags & __SERR)
119 		fp->_flags |= __SERR;
120 	return (ret);
121 }
122 
123 /*
124  * Macros for converting digits to letters and vice versa
125  */
126 #define	to_digit(c)	((c) - '0')
127 #define is_digit(c)	((unsigned)to_digit(c) <= 9)
128 #define	to_char(n)	((n) + '0')
129 
130 /*
131  * Convert an unsigned long to ASCII for printf purposes, returning
132  * a pointer to the first character of the string representation.
133  * Octal numbers can be forced to have a leading zero; hex numbers
134  * use the given digits.
135  */
136 static char *
137 __ultoa(u_long val, char *endp, int base, int octzero, char *xdigs)
138 {
139 	char *cp = endp;
140 	long sval;
141 
142 	/*
143 	 * Handle the three cases separately, in the hope of getting
144 	 * better/faster code.
145 	 */
146 	switch (base) {
147 	case 10:
148 		if (val < 10) {	/* many numbers are 1 digit */
149 			*--cp = to_char(val);
150 			return (cp);
151 		}
152 		/*
153 		 * On many machines, unsigned arithmetic is harder than
154 		 * signed arithmetic, so we do at most one unsigned mod and
155 		 * divide; this is sufficient to reduce the range of
156 		 * the incoming value to where signed arithmetic works.
157 		 */
158 		if (val > LONG_MAX) {
159 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
160 			sval = val / 10;
161 		} else
162 			sval = val;
163 		do {
164 			*--cp = to_char(sval % 10);
165 			sval /= 10;
166 		} while (sval != 0);
167 		break;
168 
169 	case 8:
170 		do {
171 			*--cp = to_char(val & 7);
172 			val >>= 3;
173 		} while (val);
174 		if (octzero && *cp != '0')
175 			*--cp = '0';
176 		break;
177 
178 	case 16:
179 		do {
180 			*--cp = xdigs[val & 15];
181 			val >>= 4;
182 		} while (val);
183 		break;
184 
185 	default:			/* oops */
186 		abort();
187 	}
188 	return (cp);
189 }
190 
191 /* Identical to __ultoa, but for quads. */
192 static char *
193 __uqtoa(u_quad_t val, char *endp, int base, int octzero, char *xdigs)
194 {
195 	char *cp = endp;
196 	quad_t sval;
197 
198 	/* quick test for small values; __ultoa is typically much faster */
199 	/* (perhaps instead we should run until small, then call __ultoa?) */
200 	if (val <= ULONG_MAX)
201 		return (__ultoa((u_long)val, endp, base, octzero, xdigs));
202 	switch (base) {
203 	case 10:
204 		if (val < 10) {
205 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
206 			return (cp);
207 		}
208 		if (val > QUAD_MAX) {
209 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
210 			sval = val / 10;
211 		} else
212 			sval = val;
213 		do {
214 			*--cp = to_char(sval % 10);
215 			sval /= 10;
216 		} while (sval != 0);
217 		break;
218 
219 	case 8:
220 		do {
221 			*--cp = to_char(val & 7);
222 			val >>= 3;
223 		} while (val);
224 		if (octzero && *cp != '0')
225 			*--cp = '0';
226 		break;
227 
228 	case 16:
229 		do {
230 			*--cp = xdigs[val & 15];
231 			val >>= 4;
232 		} while (val);
233 		break;
234 
235 	default:
236 		abort();
237 	}
238 	return (cp);
239 }
240 
241 /*
242  * MT-safe version
243  */
244 int
245 vfprintf(FILE *fp, const char *fmt0, va_list ap)
246 {
247 	int ret;
248 
249 	FLOCKFILE(fp);
250 	ret = __vfprintf(fp, fmt0, ap);
251 	FUNLOCKFILE(fp);
252 	return (ret);
253 }
254 
255 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
256 #include <locale.h>
257 #include <math.h>
258 #include "floatio.h"
259 
260 #define	BUF		(MAXEXP+MAXFRACT+1)	/* + decimal point */
261 #define	DEFPREC		6
262 
263 static char *cvt (double, int, int, char *, int *, int, int *, char **);
264 static int exponent (char *, int, int);
265 
266 #else /* no FLOATING_POINT */
267 
268 #define	BUF		68
269 
270 #endif /* FLOATING_POINT */
271 
272 #define STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE 8           /* Size of static argument table. */
273 
274 /*
275  * Flags used during conversion.
276  */
277 #define	ALT		0x001		/* alternate form */
278 #define	HEXPREFIX	0x002		/* add 0x or 0X prefix */
279 #define	LADJUST		0x004		/* left adjustment */
280 #define	LONGDBL		0x008		/* long double */
281 #define	LONGINT		0x010		/* long integer */
282 #define	QUADINT		0x020		/* quad integer */
283 #define	SHORTINT	0x040		/* short integer */
284 #define	ZEROPAD		0x080		/* zero (as opposed to blank) pad */
285 #define FPT		0x100		/* Floating point number */
286 /*
287  * Non-MT-safe version
288  */
289 int
290 __vfprintf(FILE *fp, const char *fmt0, va_list ap)
291 {
292 	char *fmt;		/* format string */
293 	int ch;			/* character from fmt */
294 	int n, n2;		/* handy integer (short term usage) */
295 	char *cp;		/* handy char pointer (short term usage) */
296 	struct __siov *iovp;	/* for PRINT macro */
297 	int flags;		/* flags as above */
298 	int ret;		/* return value accumulator */
299 	int width;		/* width from format (%8d), or 0 */
300 	int prec;		/* precision from format (%.3d), or -1 */
301 	char sign;		/* sign prefix (' ', '+', '-', or \0) */
302 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
303 	char *decimal_point = localeconv()->decimal_point;
304 	char softsign;		/* temporary negative sign for floats */
305 	double _double;		/* double precision arguments %[eEfgG] */
306 	int expt;		/* integer value of exponent */
307 	int expsize;		/* character count for expstr */
308 	int ndig;		/* actual number of digits returned by cvt */
309 	char expstr[7];		/* buffer for exponent string */
310 	char *dtoaresult;	/* buffer allocated by dtoa */
311 #endif
312 	u_long	ulval;		/* integer arguments %[diouxX] */
313 	u_quad_t uqval;		/* %q integers */
314 	int base;		/* base for [diouxX] conversion */
315 	int dprec;		/* a copy of prec if [diouxX], 0 otherwise */
316 	int realsz;		/* field size expanded by dprec, sign, etc */
317 	int size;		/* size of converted field or string */
318 	int prsize;             /* max size of printed field */
319 	char *xdigs;		/* digits for [xX] conversion */
320 #define NIOV 8
321 	struct __suio uio;	/* output information: summary */
322 	struct __siov iov[NIOV];/* ... and individual io vectors */
323 	char buf[BUF];		/* space for %c, %[diouxX], %[eEfgG] */
324 	char ox[2];		/* space for 0x hex-prefix */
325         void **argtable;        /* args, built due to positional arg */
326         void *statargtable [STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE];
327         int nextarg;            /* 1-based argument index */
328         va_list orgap;          /* original argument pointer */
329 
330 	/*
331 	 * Choose PADSIZE to trade efficiency vs. size.  If larger printf
332 	 * fields occur frequently, increase PADSIZE and make the initialisers
333 	 * below longer.
334 	 */
335 #define	PADSIZE	16		/* pad chunk size */
336 	static char blanks[PADSIZE] =
337 	 {' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '};
338 	static char zeroes[PADSIZE] =
339 	 {'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'};
340 
341 	/*
342 	 * BEWARE, these `goto error' on error, and PAD uses `n'.
343 	 */
344 #define	PRINT(ptr, len) { \
345 	iovp->iov_base = (ptr); \
346 	iovp->iov_len = (len); \
347 	uio.uio_resid += (len); \
348 	iovp++; \
349 	if (++uio.uio_iovcnt >= NIOV) { \
350 		if (__sprint(fp, &uio)) \
351 			goto error; \
352 		iovp = iov; \
353 	} \
354 }
355 #define	PAD(howmany, with) { \
356 	if ((n = (howmany)) > 0) { \
357 		while (n > PADSIZE) { \
358 			PRINT(with, PADSIZE); \
359 			n -= PADSIZE; \
360 		} \
361 		PRINT(with, n); \
362 	} \
363 }
364 #define	FLUSH() { \
365 	if (uio.uio_resid && __sprint(fp, &uio)) \
366 		goto error; \
367 	uio.uio_iovcnt = 0; \
368 	iovp = iov; \
369 }
370 
371         /*
372          * Get the argument indexed by nextarg.   If the argument table is
373          * built, use it to get the argument.  If its not, get the next
374          * argument (and arguments must be gotten sequentially).
375          */
376 #define GETARG(type) \
377         ((argtable != NULL) ? *((type*)(argtable[nextarg++])) : \
378             (nextarg++, va_arg(ap, type)))
379 
380 	/*
381 	 * To extend shorts properly, we need both signed and unsigned
382 	 * argument extraction methods.
383 	 */
384 #define	SARG() \
385 	(flags&LONGINT ? GETARG(long) : \
386 	    flags&SHORTINT ? (long)(short)GETARG(int) : \
387 	    (long)GETARG(int))
388 #define	UARG() \
389 	(flags&LONGINT ? GETARG(u_long) : \
390 	    flags&SHORTINT ? (u_long)(u_short)GETARG(int) : \
391 	    (u_long)GETARG(u_int))
392 
393         /*
394          * Get * arguments, including the form *nn$.  Preserve the nextarg
395          * that the argument can be gotten once the type is determined.
396          */
397 #define GETASTER(val) \
398         n2 = 0; \
399         cp = fmt; \
400         while (is_digit(*cp)) { \
401                 n2 = 10 * n2 + to_digit(*cp); \
402                 cp++; \
403         } \
404         if (*cp == '$') { \
405             	int hold = nextarg; \
406                 if (argtable == NULL) { \
407                         argtable = statargtable; \
408                         __find_arguments (fmt0, orgap, &argtable); \
409                 } \
410                 nextarg = n2; \
411                 val = GETARG (int); \
412                 nextarg = hold; \
413                 fmt = ++cp; \
414         } else { \
415 		val = GETARG (int); \
416         }
417 
418 
419 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
420 	dtoaresult = NULL;
421 #endif
422 	/* sorry, fprintf(read_only_file, "") returns EOF, not 0 */
423 	if (cantwrite(fp)) {
424 		return (EOF);
425 	}
426 
427 	/* optimise fprintf(stderr) (and other unbuffered Unix files) */
428 	if ((fp->_flags & (__SNBF|__SWR|__SRW)) == (__SNBF|__SWR) &&
429 	    fp->_file >= 0) {
430 		return (__sbprintf(fp, fmt0, ap));
431 	}
432 
433 	fmt = (char *)fmt0;
434         argtable = NULL;
435         nextarg = 1;
436         orgap = ap;
437 	uio.uio_iov = iovp = iov;
438 	uio.uio_resid = 0;
439 	uio.uio_iovcnt = 0;
440 	ret = 0;
441 
442 	/*
443 	 * Scan the format for conversions (`%' character).
444 	 */
445 	for (;;) {
446 		for (cp = fmt; (ch = *fmt) != '\0' && ch != '%'; fmt++)
447 			/* void */;
448 		if ((n = fmt - cp) != 0) {
449 			if ((unsigned)ret + n > INT_MAX) {
450 				ret = EOF;
451 				goto error;
452 			}
453 			PRINT(cp, n);
454 			ret += n;
455 		}
456 		if (ch == '\0')
457 			goto done;
458 		fmt++;		/* skip over '%' */
459 
460 		flags = 0;
461 		dprec = 0;
462 		width = 0;
463 		prec = -1;
464 		sign = '\0';
465 
466 rflag:		ch = *fmt++;
467 reswitch:	switch (ch) {
468 		case ' ':
469 			/*
470 			 * ``If the space and + flags both appear, the space
471 			 * flag will be ignored.''
472 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
473 			 */
474 			if (!sign)
475 				sign = ' ';
476 			goto rflag;
477 		case '#':
478 			flags |= ALT;
479 			goto rflag;
480 		case '*':
481 			/*
482 			 * ``A negative field width argument is taken as a
483 			 * - flag followed by a positive field width.''
484 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
485 			 * They don't exclude field widths read from args.
486 			 */
487 			GETASTER (width);
488 			if (width >= 0)
489 				goto rflag;
490 			width = -width;
491 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
492 		case '-':
493 			flags |= LADJUST;
494 			goto rflag;
495 		case '+':
496 			sign = '+';
497 			goto rflag;
498 		case '.':
499 			if ((ch = *fmt++) == '*') {
500 				GETASTER (n);
501 				prec = n < 0 ? -1 : n;
502 				goto rflag;
503 			}
504 			n = 0;
505 			while (is_digit(ch)) {
506 				n = 10 * n + to_digit(ch);
507 				ch = *fmt++;
508 			}
509 			prec = n < 0 ? -1 : n;
510 			goto reswitch;
511 		case '0':
512 			/*
513 			 * ``Note that 0 is taken as a flag, not as the
514 			 * beginning of a field width.''
515 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
516 			 */
517 			flags |= ZEROPAD;
518 			goto rflag;
519 		case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
520 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
521 			n = 0;
522 			do {
523 				n = 10 * n + to_digit(ch);
524 				ch = *fmt++;
525 			} while (is_digit(ch));
526 			if (ch == '$') {
527 				nextarg = n;
528                         	if (argtable == NULL) {
529                                 	argtable = statargtable;
530                                 	__find_arguments (fmt0, orgap,
531 						&argtable);
532 				}
533 				goto rflag;
534                         }
535 			width = n;
536 			goto reswitch;
537 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
538 		case 'L':
539 			flags |= LONGDBL;
540 			goto rflag;
541 #endif
542 		case 'h':
543 			flags |= SHORTINT;
544 			goto rflag;
545 		case 'l':
546 			if (flags & LONGINT)
547 				flags |= QUADINT;
548 			else
549 				flags |= LONGINT;
550 			goto rflag;
551 		case 'q':
552 			flags |= QUADINT;
553 			goto rflag;
554 		case 'c':
555 			*(cp = buf) = GETARG(int);
556 			size = 1;
557 			sign = '\0';
558 			break;
559 		case 'D':
560 			flags |= LONGINT;
561 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
562 		case 'd':
563 		case 'i':
564 			if (flags & QUADINT) {
565 				uqval = GETARG(quad_t);
566 				if ((quad_t)uqval < 0) {
567 					uqval = -uqval;
568 					sign = '-';
569 				}
570 			} else {
571 				ulval = SARG();
572 				if ((long)ulval < 0) {
573 					ulval = -ulval;
574 					sign = '-';
575 				}
576 			}
577 			base = 10;
578 			goto number;
579 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
580 		case 'e':
581 		case 'E':
582 		case 'f':
583 			goto fp_begin;
584 		case 'g':
585 		case 'G':
586 			if (prec == 0)
587 				prec = 1;
588 fp_begin:		if (prec == -1)
589 				prec = DEFPREC;
590 			if (flags & LONGDBL)
591 				/* XXX this loses precision. */
592 				_double = (double)GETARG(long double);
593 			else
594 				_double = GETARG(double);
595 			/* do this before tricky precision changes */
596 			if (isinf(_double)) {
597 				if (_double < 0)
598 					sign = '-';
599 				cp = "Inf";
600 				size = 3;
601 				break;
602 			}
603 			if (isnan(_double)) {
604 				cp = "NaN";
605 				size = 3;
606 				break;
607 			}
608 			flags |= FPT;
609 			if (dtoaresult != NULL) {
610 				free(dtoaresult);
611 				dtoaresult = NULL;
612 			}
613 			cp = cvt(_double, prec, flags, &softsign,
614 				&expt, ch, &ndig, &dtoaresult);
615 			if (ch == 'g' || ch == 'G') {
616 				if (expt <= -4 || expt > prec)
617 					ch = (ch == 'g') ? 'e' : 'E';
618 				else
619 					ch = 'g';
620 			}
621 			if (ch <= 'e') {	/* 'e' or 'E' fmt */
622 				--expt;
623 				expsize = exponent(expstr, expt, ch);
624 				size = expsize + ndig;
625 				if (ndig > 1 || flags & ALT)
626 					++size;
627 			} else if (ch == 'f') {		/* f fmt */
628 				if (expt > 0) {
629 					size = expt;
630 					if (prec || flags & ALT)
631 						size += prec + 1;
632 				} else	/* "0.X" */
633 					size = prec + 2;
634 			} else if (expt >= ndig) {	/* fixed g fmt */
635 				size = expt;
636 				if (flags & ALT)
637 					++size;
638 			} else
639 				size = ndig + (expt > 0 ?
640 					1 : 2 - expt);
641 
642 			if (softsign)
643 				sign = '-';
644 			break;
645 #endif /* FLOATING_POINT */
646 		case 'n':
647 			if (flags & QUADINT)
648 				*GETARG(quad_t *) = ret;
649 			else if (flags & LONGINT)
650 				*GETARG(long *) = ret;
651 			else if (flags & SHORTINT)
652 				*GETARG(short *) = ret;
653 			else
654 				*GETARG(int *) = ret;
655 			continue;	/* no output */
656 		case 'O':
657 			flags |= LONGINT;
658 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
659 		case 'o':
660 			if (flags & QUADINT)
661 				uqval = GETARG(u_quad_t);
662 			else
663 				ulval = UARG();
664 			base = 8;
665 			goto nosign;
666 		case 'p':
667 			/*
668 			 * ``The argument shall be a pointer to void.  The
669 			 * value of the pointer is converted to a sequence
670 			 * of printable characters, in an implementation-
671 			 * defined manner.''
672 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
673 			 */
674 			ulval = (u_long)GETARG(void *);
675 			base = 16;
676 			xdigs = "0123456789abcdef";
677 			flags = (flags & ~QUADINT) | HEXPREFIX;
678 			ch = 'x';
679 			goto nosign;
680 		case 's':
681 			if ((cp = GETARG(char *)) == NULL)
682 				cp = "(null)";
683 			if (prec >= 0) {
684 				/*
685 				 * can't use strlen; can only look for the
686 				 * NUL in the first `prec' characters, and
687 				 * strlen() will go further.
688 				 */
689 				char *p = memchr(cp, 0, (size_t)prec);
690 
691 				if (p != NULL) {
692 					size = p - cp;
693 					if (size > prec)
694 						size = prec;
695 				} else
696 					size = prec;
697 			} else
698 				size = strlen(cp);
699 			sign = '\0';
700 			break;
701 		case 'U':
702 			flags |= LONGINT;
703 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
704 		case 'u':
705 			if (flags & QUADINT)
706 				uqval = GETARG(u_quad_t);
707 			else
708 				ulval = UARG();
709 			base = 10;
710 			goto nosign;
711 		case 'X':
712 			xdigs = "0123456789ABCDEF";
713 			goto hex;
714 		case 'x':
715 			xdigs = "0123456789abcdef";
716 hex:			if (flags & QUADINT)
717 				uqval = GETARG(u_quad_t);
718 			else
719 				ulval = UARG();
720 			base = 16;
721 			/* leading 0x/X only if non-zero */
722 			if (flags & ALT &&
723 			    (flags & QUADINT ? uqval != 0 : ulval != 0))
724 				flags |= HEXPREFIX;
725 
726 			/* unsigned conversions */
727 nosign:			sign = '\0';
728 			/*
729 			 * ``... diouXx conversions ... if a precision is
730 			 * specified, the 0 flag will be ignored.''
731 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
732 			 */
733 number:			if ((dprec = prec) >= 0)
734 				flags &= ~ZEROPAD;
735 
736 			/*
737 			 * ``The result of converting a zero value with an
738 			 * explicit precision of zero is no characters.''
739 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
740 			 */
741 			cp = buf + BUF;
742 			if (flags & QUADINT) {
743 				if (uqval != 0 || prec != 0)
744 					cp = __uqtoa(uqval, cp, base,
745 					    flags & ALT, xdigs);
746 			} else {
747 				if (ulval != 0 || prec != 0)
748 					cp = __ultoa(ulval, cp, base,
749 					    flags & ALT, xdigs);
750 			}
751 			size = buf + BUF - cp;
752 			break;
753 		default:	/* "%?" prints ?, unless ? is NUL */
754 			if (ch == '\0')
755 				goto done;
756 			/* pretend it was %c with argument ch */
757 			cp = buf;
758 			*cp = ch;
759 			size = 1;
760 			sign = '\0';
761 			break;
762 		}
763 
764 		/*
765 		 * All reasonable formats wind up here.  At this point, `cp'
766 		 * points to a string which (if not flags&LADJUST) should be
767 		 * padded out to `width' places.  If flags&ZEROPAD, it should
768 		 * first be prefixed by any sign or other prefix; otherwise,
769 		 * it should be blank padded before the prefix is emitted.
770 		 * After any left-hand padding and prefixing, emit zeroes
771 		 * required by a decimal [diouxX] precision, then print the
772 		 * string proper, then emit zeroes required by any leftover
773 		 * floating precision; finally, if LADJUST, pad with blanks.
774 		 *
775 		 * Compute actual size, so we know how much to pad.
776 		 * size excludes decimal prec; realsz includes it.
777 		 */
778 		realsz = dprec > size ? dprec : size;
779 		if (sign)
780 			realsz++;
781 		else if (flags & HEXPREFIX)
782 			realsz += 2;
783 
784 		prsize = width > realsz ? width : realsz;
785 		if ((unsigned)ret + prsize > INT_MAX) {
786 			ret = EOF;
787 			goto error;
788 		}
789 
790 		/* right-adjusting blank padding */
791 		if ((flags & (LADJUST|ZEROPAD)) == 0)
792 			PAD(width - realsz, blanks);
793 
794 		/* prefix */
795 		if (sign) {
796 			PRINT(&sign, 1);
797 		} else if (flags & HEXPREFIX) {
798 			ox[0] = '0';
799 			ox[1] = ch;
800 			PRINT(ox, 2);
801 		}
802 
803 		/* right-adjusting zero padding */
804 		if ((flags & (LADJUST|ZEROPAD)) == ZEROPAD)
805 			PAD(width - realsz, zeroes);
806 
807 		/* leading zeroes from decimal precision */
808 		PAD(dprec - size, zeroes);
809 
810 		/* the string or number proper */
811 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
812 		if ((flags & FPT) == 0) {
813 			PRINT(cp, size);
814 		} else {	/* glue together f_p fragments */
815 			if (ch >= 'f') {	/* 'f' or 'g' */
816 				if (_double == 0) {
817 					/* kludge for __dtoa irregularity */
818 					PRINT("0", 1);
819 					if (expt < ndig || (flags & ALT) != 0) {
820 						PRINT(decimal_point, 1);
821 						PAD(ndig - 1, zeroes);
822 					}
823 				} else if (expt <= 0) {
824 					PRINT("0", 1);
825 					PRINT(decimal_point, 1);
826 					PAD(-expt, zeroes);
827 					PRINT(cp, ndig);
828 				} else if (expt >= ndig) {
829 					PRINT(cp, ndig);
830 					PAD(expt - ndig, zeroes);
831 					if (flags & ALT)
832 						PRINT(decimal_point, 1);
833 				} else {
834 					PRINT(cp, expt);
835 					cp += expt;
836 					PRINT(decimal_point, 1);
837 					PRINT(cp, ndig-expt);
838 				}
839 			} else {	/* 'e' or 'E' */
840 				if (ndig > 1 || flags & ALT) {
841 					ox[0] = *cp++;
842 					ox[1] = *decimal_point;
843 					PRINT(ox, 2);
844 					if (_double) {
845 						PRINT(cp, ndig-1);
846 					} else	/* 0.[0..] */
847 						/* __dtoa irregularity */
848 						PAD(ndig - 1, zeroes);
849 				} else	/* XeYYY */
850 					PRINT(cp, 1);
851 				PRINT(expstr, expsize);
852 			}
853 		}
854 #else
855 		PRINT(cp, size);
856 #endif
857 		/* left-adjusting padding (always blank) */
858 		if (flags & LADJUST)
859 			PAD(width - realsz, blanks);
860 
861 		/* finally, adjust ret */
862 		ret += prsize;
863 
864 		FLUSH();	/* copy out the I/O vectors */
865 	}
866 done:
867 	FLUSH();
868 error:
869 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
870 	if (dtoaresult != NULL)
871 		free(dtoaresult);
872 #endif
873 	if (__sferror(fp))
874 		ret = EOF;
875         if ((argtable != NULL) && (argtable != statargtable))
876                 free (argtable);
877 	return (ret);
878 	/* NOTREACHED */
879 }
880 
881 /*
882  * Type ids for argument type table.
883  */
884 #define T_UNUSED	0
885 #define T_SHORT		1
886 #define T_U_SHORT	2
887 #define TP_SHORT	3
888 #define T_INT		4
889 #define T_U_INT		5
890 #define TP_INT		6
891 #define T_LONG		7
892 #define T_U_LONG	8
893 #define TP_LONG		9
894 #define T_QUAD		10
895 #define T_U_QUAD	11
896 #define TP_QUAD		12
897 #define T_DOUBLE	13
898 #define T_LONG_DOUBLE	14
899 #define TP_CHAR		15
900 #define TP_VOID		16
901 
902 /*
903  * Find all arguments when a positional parameter is encountered.  Returns a
904  * table, indexed by argument number, of pointers to each arguments.  The
905  * initial argument table should be an array of STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE entries.
906  * It will be replaces with a malloc-ed one if it overflows.
907  */
908 static void
909 __find_arguments (const char *fmt0, va_list ap, void ***argtable)
910 {
911 	char *fmt;		/* format string */
912 	int ch;			/* character from fmt */
913 	int n, n2;		/* handy integer (short term usage) */
914 	char *cp;		/* handy char pointer (short term usage) */
915 	int flags;		/* flags as above */
916 	int width;		/* width from format (%8d), or 0 */
917 	unsigned char *typetable; /* table of types */
918 	unsigned char stattypetable [STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE];
919 	int tablesize;		/* current size of type table */
920 	int tablemax;		/* largest used index in table */
921 	int nextarg;		/* 1-based argument index */
922 
923 	/*
924 	 * Add an argument type to the table, expanding if necessary.
925 	 */
926 #define ADDTYPE(type) \
927 	((nextarg >= tablesize) ? \
928 		__grow_type_table(nextarg, &typetable, &tablesize) : 0, \
929 	(nextarg > tablemax) ? tablemax = nextarg : 0, \
930 	typetable[nextarg++] = type)
931 
932 #define	ADDSARG() \
933 	((flags&LONGINT) ? ADDTYPE(T_LONG) : \
934 		((flags&SHORTINT) ? ADDTYPE(T_SHORT) : ADDTYPE(T_INT)))
935 
936 #define	ADDUARG() \
937 	((flags&LONGINT) ? ADDTYPE(T_U_LONG) : \
938 		((flags&SHORTINT) ? ADDTYPE(T_U_SHORT) : ADDTYPE(T_U_INT)))
939 
940 	/*
941 	 * Add * arguments to the type array.
942 	 */
943 #define ADDASTER() \
944 	n2 = 0; \
945 	cp = fmt; \
946 	while (is_digit(*cp)) { \
947 		n2 = 10 * n2 + to_digit(*cp); \
948 		cp++; \
949 	} \
950 	if (*cp == '$') { \
951 		int hold = nextarg; \
952 		nextarg = n2; \
953 		ADDTYPE (T_INT); \
954 		nextarg = hold; \
955 		fmt = ++cp; \
956 	} else { \
957 		ADDTYPE (T_INT); \
958 	}
959 	fmt = (char *)fmt0;
960 	typetable = stattypetable;
961 	tablesize = STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE;
962 	tablemax = 0;
963 	nextarg = 1;
964 	memset (typetable, T_UNUSED, STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE);
965 
966 	/*
967 	 * Scan the format for conversions (`%' character).
968 	 */
969 	for (;;) {
970 		for (cp = fmt; (ch = *fmt) != '\0' && ch != '%'; fmt++)
971 			/* void */;
972 		if (ch == '\0')
973 			goto done;
974 		fmt++;		/* skip over '%' */
975 
976 		flags = 0;
977 		width = 0;
978 
979 rflag:		ch = *fmt++;
980 reswitch:	switch (ch) {
981 		case ' ':
982 		case '#':
983 			goto rflag;
984 		case '*':
985 			ADDASTER ();
986 			goto rflag;
987 		case '-':
988 		case '+':
989 			goto rflag;
990 		case '.':
991 			if ((ch = *fmt++) == '*') {
992 				ADDASTER ();
993 				goto rflag;
994 			}
995 			while (is_digit(ch)) {
996 				ch = *fmt++;
997 			}
998 			goto reswitch;
999 		case '0':
1000 			goto rflag;
1001 		case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
1002 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
1003 			n = 0;
1004 			do {
1005 				n = 10 * n + to_digit(ch);
1006 				ch = *fmt++;
1007 			} while (is_digit(ch));
1008 			if (ch == '$') {
1009 				nextarg = n;
1010 				goto rflag;
1011 			}
1012 			width = n;
1013 			goto reswitch;
1014 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
1015 		case 'L':
1016 			flags |= LONGDBL;
1017 			goto rflag;
1018 #endif
1019 		case 'h':
1020 			flags |= SHORTINT;
1021 			goto rflag;
1022 		case 'l':
1023 			if (flags & LONGINT)
1024 				flags |= QUADINT;
1025 			else
1026 				flags |= LONGINT;
1027 			goto rflag;
1028 		case 'q':
1029 			flags |= QUADINT;
1030 			goto rflag;
1031 		case 'c':
1032 			ADDTYPE(T_INT);
1033 			break;
1034 		case 'D':
1035 			flags |= LONGINT;
1036 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1037 		case 'd':
1038 		case 'i':
1039 			if (flags & QUADINT) {
1040 				ADDTYPE(T_QUAD);
1041 			} else {
1042 				ADDSARG();
1043 			}
1044 			break;
1045 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
1046 		case 'e':
1047 		case 'E':
1048 		case 'f':
1049 		case 'g':
1050 		case 'G':
1051 			if (flags & LONGDBL)
1052 				ADDTYPE(T_LONG_DOUBLE);
1053 			else
1054 				ADDTYPE(T_DOUBLE);
1055 			break;
1056 #endif /* FLOATING_POINT */
1057 		case 'n':
1058 			if (flags & QUADINT)
1059 				ADDTYPE(TP_QUAD);
1060 			else if (flags & LONGINT)
1061 				ADDTYPE(TP_LONG);
1062 			else if (flags & SHORTINT)
1063 				ADDTYPE(TP_SHORT);
1064 			else
1065 				ADDTYPE(TP_INT);
1066 			continue;	/* no output */
1067 		case 'O':
1068 			flags |= LONGINT;
1069 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1070 		case 'o':
1071 			if (flags & QUADINT)
1072 				ADDTYPE(T_U_QUAD);
1073 			else
1074 				ADDUARG();
1075 			break;
1076 		case 'p':
1077 			ADDTYPE(TP_VOID);
1078 			break;
1079 		case 's':
1080 			ADDTYPE(TP_CHAR);
1081 			break;
1082 		case 'U':
1083 			flags |= LONGINT;
1084 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1085 		case 'u':
1086 			if (flags & QUADINT)
1087 				ADDTYPE(T_U_QUAD);
1088 			else
1089 				ADDUARG();
1090 			break;
1091 		case 'X':
1092 		case 'x':
1093 			if (flags & QUADINT)
1094 				ADDTYPE(T_U_QUAD);
1095 			else
1096 				ADDUARG();
1097 			break;
1098 		default:	/* "%?" prints ?, unless ? is NUL */
1099 			if (ch == '\0')
1100 				goto done;
1101 			break;
1102 		}
1103 	}
1104 done:
1105 	/*
1106 	 * Build the argument table.
1107 	 */
1108 	if (tablemax >= STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE) {
1109 		*argtable = (void **)
1110 		    malloc (sizeof (void *) * (tablemax + 1));
1111 	}
1112 
1113 	(*argtable) [0] = NULL;
1114 	for (n = 1; n <= tablemax; n++) {
1115 		switch (typetable [n]) {
1116 		    case T_UNUSED:
1117 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, int);
1118 			break;
1119 		    case T_SHORT:
1120 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, int);
1121 			break;
1122 		    case T_U_SHORT:
1123 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, int);
1124 			break;
1125 		    case TP_SHORT:
1126 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, short *);
1127 			break;
1128 		    case T_INT:
1129 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, int);
1130 			break;
1131 		    case T_U_INT:
1132 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
1133 			break;
1134 		    case TP_INT:
1135 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, int *);
1136 			break;
1137 		    case T_LONG:
1138 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, long);
1139 			break;
1140 		    case T_U_LONG:
1141 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, unsigned long);
1142 			break;
1143 		    case TP_LONG:
1144 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, long *);
1145 			break;
1146 		    case T_QUAD:
1147 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, quad_t);
1148 			break;
1149 		    case T_U_QUAD:
1150 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, u_quad_t);
1151 			break;
1152 		    case TP_QUAD:
1153 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, quad_t *);
1154 			break;
1155 		    case T_DOUBLE:
1156 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, double);
1157 			break;
1158 		    case T_LONG_DOUBLE:
1159 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, long double);
1160 			break;
1161 		    case TP_CHAR:
1162 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, char *);
1163 			break;
1164 		    case TP_VOID:
1165 			(*argtable) [n] = (void *) &va_arg (ap, void *);
1166 			break;
1167 		}
1168 	}
1169 
1170 	if ((typetable != NULL) && (typetable != stattypetable))
1171 		free (typetable);
1172 }
1173 
1174 /*
1175  * Increase the size of the type table.
1176  */
1177 static void
1178 __grow_type_table (int nextarg, unsigned char **typetable, int *tablesize)
1179 {
1180 	unsigned char *const oldtable = *typetable;
1181 	const int oldsize = *tablesize;
1182 	unsigned char *newtable;
1183 	int newsize = oldsize * 2;
1184 
1185 	if (newsize < nextarg + 1)
1186 		newsize = nextarg + 1;
1187 	if (oldsize == STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE) {
1188 		if ((newtable = malloc(newsize)) == NULL)
1189 			abort();			/* XXX handle better */
1190 		bcopy(oldtable, newtable, oldsize);
1191 	} else {
1192 		if ((newtable = reallocf(oldtable, newsize)) == NULL)
1193 			abort();			/* XXX handle better */
1194 	}
1195 	memset(&newtable[oldsize], T_UNUSED, newsize - oldsize);
1196 
1197 	*typetable = newtable;
1198 	*tablesize = newsize;
1199 }
1200 
1201 
1202 #ifdef FLOATING_POINT
1203 
1204 extern char *__dtoa (double, int, int, int *, int *, char **, char **);
1205 
1206 static char *
1207 cvt(double value, int ndigits, int flags, char *sign, int *decpt,
1208     int ch, int *length, char **dtoaresultp)
1209 {
1210 	int mode, dsgn;
1211 	char *digits, *bp, *rve;
1212 
1213 	if (ch == 'f')
1214 		mode = 3;		/* ndigits after the decimal point */
1215 	else {
1216 		/*
1217 		 * To obtain ndigits after the decimal point for the 'e'
1218 		 * and 'E' formats, round to ndigits + 1 significant
1219 		 * figures.
1220 		 */
1221 		if (ch == 'e' || ch == 'E')
1222 			ndigits++;
1223 		mode = 2;		/* ndigits significant digits */
1224 	}
1225 	digits = __dtoa(value, mode, ndigits, decpt, &dsgn, &rve, dtoaresultp);
1226 	*sign = dsgn != 0;
1227 	if ((ch != 'g' && ch != 'G') || flags & ALT) {
1228 		/* print trailing zeros */
1229 		bp = digits + ndigits;
1230 		if (ch == 'f') {
1231 			if (*digits == '0' && value)
1232 				*decpt = -ndigits + 1;
1233 			bp += *decpt;
1234 		}
1235 		if (value == 0)	/* kludge for __dtoa irregularity */
1236 			rve = bp;
1237 		while (rve < bp)
1238 			*rve++ = '0';
1239 	}
1240 	*length = rve - digits;
1241 	return (digits);
1242 }
1243 
1244 static int
1245 exponent(char *p0, int exp, int fmtch)
1246 {
1247 	char *p, *t;
1248 	char expbuf[MAXEXP];
1249 
1250 	p = p0;
1251 	*p++ = fmtch;
1252 	if (exp < 0) {
1253 		exp = -exp;
1254 		*p++ = '-';
1255 	}
1256 	else
1257 		*p++ = '+';
1258 	t = expbuf + MAXEXP;
1259 	if (exp > 9) {
1260 		do {
1261 			*--t = to_char(exp % 10);
1262 		} while ((exp /= 10) > 9);
1263 		*--t = to_char(exp);
1264 		for (; t < expbuf + MAXEXP; *p++ = *t++);
1265 	}
1266 	else {
1267 		*p++ = '0';
1268 		*p++ = to_char(exp);
1269 	}
1270 	return (p - p0);
1271 }
1272 #endif /* FLOATING_POINT */
1273