xref: /csrg-svn/sbin/newlfs/lfs.c (revision 55389)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * %sccs.include.redist.c%
6  */
7 
8 #ifndef lint
9 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)lfs.c	5.13 (Berkeley) 07/19/92";
10 #endif /* not lint */
11 
12 #include <sys/param.h>
13 #include <sys/uio.h>
14 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
15 #include <sys/time.h>
16 #include <sys/resource.h>
17 #include <sys/proc.h>
18 #include <sys/vnode.h>
19 #include <sys/mount.h>
20 
21 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
22 #include <ufs/ufs/quota.h>
23 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
24 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
25 #include <ufs/lfs/lfs.h>
26 
27 #include <unistd.h>
28 #include <errno.h>
29 #include <stdlib.h>
30 #include <string.h>
31 #include "config.h"
32 #include "extern.h"
33 
34 /*
35  * This table is indexed by the log base 2 of the block size.
36  * It returns the maximum file size allowed in a file system
37  * with the specified block size.  For block sizes smaller than
38  * 8K, the size is limited by tha maximum number of blocks that
39  * can be reached by triply indirect blocks:
40  *	NDADDR + INOPB(bsize) + INOPB(bsize)^2 + INOPB(bsize)^3
41  * For block size of 8K or larger, the file size is limited by the
42  * number of blocks that can be represented in the file system.  Since
43  * we use negative block numbers to represent indirect blocks, we can
44  * have a maximum of 2^31 blocks.
45  */
46 
47 u_quad_t maxtable[] = {
48 	/*    1 */ -1,
49 	/*    2 */ -1,
50 	/*    4 */ -1,
51 	/*    8 */ -1,
52 	/*   16 */ -1,
53 	/*   32 */ -1,
54 	/*   64 */ -1,
55 	/*  128 */ -1,
56 	/*  256 */ -1,
57 	/*  512 */ NDADDR + 128 + 128 * 128 + 128 * 128 * 128,
58 	/* 1024 */ NDADDR + 256 + 256 * 256 + 256 * 256 * 256,
59 	/* 2048 */ NDADDR + 512 + 512 * 512 + 512 * 512 * 512,
60 	/* 4096 */ NDADDR + 1024 + 1024 * 1024 + 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
61 	/* 8192 */ 2 ^ 31,
62 	/* 16 K */ 2 ^ 31,
63 	/* 32 K */ 2 ^ 31
64 };
65 
66 static struct lfs lfs_default =  {
67 	/* lfs_magic */		LFS_MAGIC,
68 	/* lfs_version */	LFS_VERSION,
69 	/* lfs_size */		0,
70 	/* lfs_ssize */		DFL_LFSSEG/DFL_LFSBLOCK,
71 	/* lfs_dsize */		0,
72 	/* lfs_bsize */		DFL_LFSBLOCK,
73 	/* lfs_fsize */		DFL_LFSBLOCK,
74 	/* lfs_frag */		1,
75 	/* lfs_free */		LFS_FIRST_INUM,
76 	/* lfs_bfree */		0,
77 	/* lfs_nfiles */	0,
78 	/* lfs_idaddr */	0,
79 	/* lfs_ifile */		LFS_IFILE_INUM,
80 	/* lfs_lastseg */	0,
81 	/* lfs_nextseg */	0,
82 	/* lfs_curseg */	0,
83 	/* lfs_offset */	0,
84 	/* lfs_lastpseg */	0,
85 	/* lfs_tstamp */	0,
86 	/* lfs_minfree */	MINFREE,
87 	/* lfs_maxfilesize */	0,
88 	/* lfs_dbpseg */	DFL_LFSSEG/DEV_BSIZE,
89 	/* lfs_inopb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(struct dinode),
90 	/* lfs_ifpb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(IFILE),
91 	/* lfs_sepb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(SEGUSE),
92 	/* lfs_nindir */	DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(daddr_t),
93 	/* lfs_nseg */		0,
94 	/* lfs_nspf */		0,
95 	/* lfs_cleansz */	0,
96 	/* lfs_segtabsz */	0,
97 	/* lfs_segmask */	DFL_LFSSEG_MASK,
98 	/* lfs_segshift */	DFL_LFSSEG_SHIFT,
99 	/* lfs_bmask */		DFL_LFSBLOCK_MASK,
100 	/* lfs_bshift */	DFL_LFSBLOCK_SHIFT,
101 	/* lfs_ffmask */	0,
102 	/* lfs_ffshift */	0,
103 	/* lfs_fbmask */	0,
104 	/* lfs_fbshift */	0,
105 	/* lfs_fsbtodb */	0,
106 	/* lfs_sboffs */	{ 0 },
107 	/* lfs_ivnode */	NULL,
108 	/* lfs_seglock */	0,
109 	/* lfs_iocount */	0,
110 	/* lfs_writer */	0,
111 	/* lfs_dirops */	0,
112 	/* lfs_doifile */	0,
113 	/* lfs_fmod */		0,
114 	/* lfs_clean */		0,
115 	/* lfs_ronly */		0,
116 	/* lfs_flags */		0,
117 	/* lfs_fsmnt */		{ 0 },
118 	/* lfs_pad */		{ 0 },
119 	/* lfs_cksum */		0
120 };
121 
122 
123 struct direct lfs_root_dir[] = {
124 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "."},
125 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".."},
126 	{ LFS_IFILE_INUM, sizeof(struct direct), DT_REG, 5, "ifile"},
127 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found"},
128 };
129 
130 struct direct lfs_lf_dir[] = {
131         { LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
132         { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
133 };
134 
135 static daddr_t make_dinode
136 	__P((ino_t, struct dinode *, int, daddr_t, struct lfs *));
137 static void make_dir __P(( void *, struct direct *, int));
138 static void put __P((int, off_t, void *, size_t));
139 
140 int
141 make_lfs(fd, lp, partp, minfree, block_size, seg_size)
142 	int fd;
143 	struct disklabel *lp;
144 	struct partition *partp;
145 	int minfree;
146 	int block_size;
147 	int seg_size;
148 {
149 	struct dinode *dip;	/* Pointer to a disk inode */
150 	struct dinode *dpagep;	/* Pointer to page of disk inodes */
151 	CLEANERINFO *cleaninfo;	/* Segment cleaner information table */
152 	FINFO file_info;	/* File info structure in summary blocks */
153 	IFILE *ifile;		/* Pointer to array of ifile structures */
154 	IFILE *ip;		/* Pointer to array of ifile structures */
155 	struct lfs *lfsp;	/* Superblock */
156 	SEGUSE *segp;		/* Segment usage table */
157 	SEGUSE *segtable;	/* Segment usage table */
158 	SEGSUM summary;		/* Segment summary structure */
159 	SEGSUM *sp;		/* Segment summary pointer */
160 	daddr_t	last_sb_addr;	/* Address of superblocks */
161 	daddr_t last_addr;	/* Previous segment address */
162 	daddr_t	sb_addr;	/* Address of superblocks */
163 	daddr_t	seg_addr;	/* Address of current segment */
164 	void *ipagep;		/* Pointer to the page we use to write stuff */
165 	void *sump;		/* Used to copy stuff into segment buffer */
166 	u_long *block_array;	/* Array of logical block nos to put in sum */
167 	u_long blocks_used;	/* Number of blocks in first segment */
168 	u_long *dp;		/* Used to computed checksum on data */
169 	u_long *datasump;	/* Used to computed checksum on data */
170 	int block_array_size;	/* How many entries in block array */
171 	int bsize;		/* Block size */
172 	int db_per_fb;		/* Disk blocks per file block */
173 	int i, j;
174 	int off;		/* Offset at which to write */
175 	int sb_interval;	/* number of segs between super blocks */
176 	int seg_seek;		/* Seek offset for a segment */
177 	int ssize;		/* Segment size */
178 	int sum_size;		/* Size of the summary block */
179 
180 	lfsp = &lfs_default;
181 
182 	if (!(bsize = block_size))
183 		bsize = DFL_LFSBLOCK;
184 	if (!(ssize = seg_size))
185 		ssize = DFL_LFSSEG;
186 
187 	/* Modify parts of superblock overridden by command line arguments */
188 	if (bsize != DFL_LFSBLOCK) {
189 		lfsp->lfs_bshift = log2(bsize);
190 		if (1 << lfsp->lfs_bshift != bsize)
191 			fatal("%d: block size not a power of 2", bsize);
192 		lfsp->lfs_bsize = bsize;
193 		lfsp->lfs_fsize = bsize;
194 		lfsp->lfs_bmask = bsize - 1;
195 		lfsp->lfs_inopb = bsize / sizeof(struct dinode);
196 /* MIS -- should I round to power of 2 */
197 		lfsp->lfs_ifpb = bsize / sizeof(IFILE);
198 		lfsp->lfs_sepb = bsize / sizeof(SEGUSE);
199 		lfsp->lfs_nindir = bsize / sizeof(daddr_t);
200 	}
201 
202 	if (ssize != DFL_LFSSEG) {
203 		lfsp->lfs_segshift = log2(ssize);
204 		if (1 << lfsp->lfs_segshift != ssize)
205 			fatal("%d: segment size not power of 2", ssize);
206 		lfsp->lfs_ssize = ssize;
207 		lfsp->lfs_segmask = ssize - 1;
208 	}
209 	lfsp->lfs_ssize = ssize >> lfsp->lfs_bshift;
210 
211 	if (minfree)
212 		lfsp->lfs_minfree = minfree;
213 
214 	/*
215 	 * Fill in parts of superblock that can be computed from file system
216 	 * size, disk geometry and current time.
217 	 */
218 	db_per_fb = bsize/lp->d_secsize;
219 	lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb = log2(db_per_fb);
220 	lfsp->lfs_size = partp->p_size >> lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb;
221 	lfsp->lfs_dsize = lfsp->lfs_size - (LFS_LABELPAD >> lfsp->lfs_bshift);
222 	lfsp->lfs_nseg = lfsp->lfs_dsize / lfsp->lfs_ssize;
223 	lfsp->lfs_maxfilesize = maxtable[lfsp->lfs_bshift] << lfsp->lfs_bshift;
224 
225 	/*
226 	 * The number of free blocks is set from the total data size (lfs_dsize)
227 	 * minus one block for each segment (for the segment summary).  Then
228 	 * we'll subtract off the room for the superblocks, ifile entries and
229 	 * segment usage table.
230 	 */
231 	lfsp->lfs_bfree = lfsp->lfs_dsize - lfsp->lfs_nseg;
232 	lfsp->lfs_segtabsz = SEGTABSIZE_SU(lfsp);
233 	lfsp->lfs_cleansz = CLEANSIZE_SU(lfsp);
234 	if ((lfsp->lfs_tstamp = time(NULL)) == -1)
235 		fatal("time: %s", strerror(errno));
236 	if ((sb_interval = lfsp->lfs_nseg / LFS_MAXNUMSB) < LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL)
237 		sb_interval = LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL;
238 
239 	/*
240 	 * Now, lay out the file system.  We need to figure out where
241 	 * the superblocks go, initialize the checkpoint information
242 	 * for the first two superblocks, initialize the segment usage
243 	 * information, put the segusage information in the ifile, create
244 	 * the first block of IFILE structures, and link all the IFILE
245 	 * structures into a free list.
246 	 */
247 
248 	/* Figure out where the superblocks are going to live */
249 	lfsp->lfs_sboffs[0] = LFS_LABELPAD/lp->d_secsize;
250 	for (i = 1; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
251 		sb_addr = ((i * sb_interval) <<
252 		    (lfsp->lfs_segshift - lfsp->lfs_bshift + lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb))
253 		    + lfsp->lfs_sboffs[0];
254 		if (sb_addr > partp->p_size)
255 			break;
256 		lfsp->lfs_sboffs[i] = sb_addr;
257 	}
258 	last_sb_addr = lfsp->lfs_sboffs[i - 1];
259 	lfsp->lfs_lastseg = lfsp->lfs_sboffs[0];
260 	lfsp->lfs_nextseg =
261 	    lfsp->lfs_sboffs[1] ? lfsp->lfs_sboffs[1] : lfsp->lfs_sboffs[0];
262 	lfsp->lfs_curseg = lfsp->lfs_lastseg;
263 
264 	/*
265 	 * Initialize the segment usage table.  The first segment will
266 	 * contain the superblock, the cleanerinfo (cleansz), the segusage
267 	 * table * (segtabsz), 1 block's worth of IFILE entries, the root
268 	 * directory, the lost+found directory and one block's worth of
269 	 * inodes (containing the ifile, root, and l+f inodes).
270 	 */
271 	if (!(cleaninfo = malloc(lfsp->lfs_cleansz << lfsp->lfs_bshift)))
272 		fatal("%s", strerror(errno));
273 	cleaninfo->clean = lfsp->lfs_nseg - 1;
274 	cleaninfo->dirty = 1;
275 
276 	if (!(segtable = malloc(lfsp->lfs_segtabsz << lfsp->lfs_bshift)))
277 		fatal("%s", strerror(errno));
278 	segp = segtable;
279 	blocks_used = lfsp->lfs_segtabsz + lfsp->lfs_cleansz + 4;
280 	segp->su_nbytes = blocks_used << lfsp->lfs_bshift;
281 	segp->su_lastmod = lfsp->lfs_tstamp;
282 	segp->su_flags = SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK | SEGUSE_DIRTY;
283 	lfsp->lfs_bfree -= lfsp->lfs_cleansz + lfsp->lfs_segtabsz + 4;
284 
285 	/*
286 	 * Now figure out the address of the ifile inode. The inode block
287 	 * appears immediately after the segment summary.
288 	 */
289 	lfsp->lfs_idaddr = (LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD + LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE) /
290 	    lp->d_secsize;
291 
292 	for (segp = segtable + 1, i = 1; i < lfsp->lfs_nseg; i++, segp++) {
293 		if ((i % sb_interval) == 0) {
294 			segp->su_flags = SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK;
295 			lfsp->lfs_bfree -= (LFS_SBPAD >> lfsp->lfs_bshift);
296 		} else
297 			segp->su_flags = 0;
298 		segp->su_lastmod = 0;
299 		segp->su_nbytes = 0;
300 	}
301 
302 	/*
303 	 * Ready to start writing segments.  The first segment is different
304 	 * because it contains the segment usage table and the ifile inode
305 	 * as well as a superblock.  For the rest of the segments, set the
306 	 * time stamp to be 0 so that the first segment is the most recent.
307 	 * For each segment that is supposed to contain a copy of the super
308 	 * block, initialize its first few blocks and its segment summary
309 	 * to indicate this.
310 	 */
311 	lfsp->lfs_nfiles = LFS_FIRST_INUM - 1;
312 	lfsp->lfs_cksum =
313 	    cksum(lfsp, sizeof(struct lfs) - sizeof(lfsp->lfs_cksum));
314 
315 	/* Now create a block of disk inodes */
316 	if (!(dpagep = malloc(lfsp->lfs_bsize)))
317 		fatal("%s", strerror(errno));
318 	dip = (struct dinode *)dpagep;
319 	bzero(dip, lfsp->lfs_bsize);
320 
321 	/* Create a block of IFILE structures. */
322 	if (!(ipagep = malloc(lfsp->lfs_bsize)))
323 		fatal("%s", strerror(errno));
324 	ifile = (IFILE *)ipagep;
325 
326 	/*
327 	 * Initialize IFILE.  It is the next block following the
328 	 * block of inodes (whose address has been calculated in
329 	 * lfsp->lfs_idaddr;
330 	 */
331 	sb_addr = lfsp->lfs_idaddr + lfsp->lfs_bsize / lp->d_secsize;
332 	sb_addr = make_dinode(LFS_IFILE_INUM, dip,
333 	    lfsp->lfs_cleansz + lfsp->lfs_segtabsz+1, sb_addr, lfsp);
334 	dip->di_mode = IFREG|IREAD|IWRITE;
335 	ip = &ifile[LFS_IFILE_INUM];
336 	ip->if_version = 1;
337 	ip->if_daddr = lfsp->lfs_idaddr;
338 
339 	/* Initialize the ROOT Directory */
340 	sb_addr = make_dinode(ROOTINO, ++dip, 1, sb_addr, lfsp);
341 	dip->di_mode = IFDIR|IREAD|IWRITE|IEXEC;
342 	dip->di_size = DIRBLKSIZ;
343 	dip->di_nlink = 3;
344 	ip = &ifile[ROOTINO];
345 	ip->if_version = 1;
346 	ip->if_daddr = lfsp->lfs_idaddr;
347 
348 	/* Initialize the lost+found Directory */
349 	sb_addr = make_dinode(LOSTFOUNDINO, ++dip, 1, sb_addr, lfsp);
350 	dip->di_mode = IFDIR|IREAD|IWRITE|IEXEC;
351 	dip->di_size = DIRBLKSIZ;
352 	dip->di_nlink = 2;
353 	ip = &ifile[LOSTFOUNDINO];
354 	ip->if_version = 1;
355 	ip->if_daddr = lfsp->lfs_idaddr;
356 
357 	/* Make all the other dinodes invalid */
358 	for (i = INOPB(lfsp)-3, dip++; i; i--, dip++)
359 		dip->di_inum = LFS_UNUSED_INUM;
360 
361 
362 	/* Link remaining IFILE entries in free list */
363 	for (ip = &ifile[LFS_FIRST_INUM], i = LFS_FIRST_INUM;
364 	    i < lfsp->lfs_ifpb; ++ip) {
365 		ip->if_version = 1;
366 		ip->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
367 		ip->if_nextfree = ++i;
368 	}
369 	ifile[lfsp->lfs_ifpb - 1].if_nextfree = LFS_UNUSED_INUM;
370 
371 	/* Now, write the segment */
372 
373 	/* Compute a checksum across all the data you're writing */
374 	dp = datasump = malloc (blocks_used * sizeof(u_long));
375 	*dp++ = ((u_long *)dip)[0];		/* inode block */
376 	for (i = 0; i < lfsp->lfs_cleansz; i++)
377 		*dp++ = ((u_long *)cleaninfo)[(i << lfsp->lfs_bshift) /
378 		    sizeof(u_long)];		/* Cleaner info */
379 	for (i = 0; i < lfsp->lfs_segtabsz; i++)
380 		*dp++ = ((u_long *)segtable)[(i << lfsp->lfs_bshift) /
381 		    sizeof(u_long)];		/* Segusage table */
382 	*dp++ = ((u_long *)ifile)[0];		/* Ifile */
383 
384 	/* Still need the root and l+f bytes; get them later */
385 
386 	/* Write out the inode block */
387 	off = LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD + LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE;
388 	put(fd, off, dpagep, lfsp->lfs_bsize);
389 	free(dpagep);
390 	off += lfsp->lfs_bsize;
391 
392 	/* Write out the ifile */
393 
394 	put(fd, off, cleaninfo, lfsp->lfs_cleansz << lfsp->lfs_bshift);
395 	off += (lfsp->lfs_cleansz << lfsp->lfs_bshift);
396 	(void)free(cleaninfo);
397 
398 	put(fd, off, segtable, lfsp->lfs_segtabsz << lfsp->lfs_bshift);
399 	off += (lfsp->lfs_segtabsz << lfsp->lfs_bshift);
400 	(void)free(segtable);
401 
402 	put(fd, off, ifile, lfsp->lfs_bsize);
403 	off += lfsp->lfs_bsize;
404 
405 	/*
406 	 * use ipagep for space for writing out other stuff.  It used to
407 	 * contain the ifile, but we're done with it.
408 	 */
409 
410 	/* Write out the root and lost and found directories */
411 	bzero(ipagep, lfsp->lfs_bsize);
412 	make_dir(ipagep, lfs_root_dir,
413 	    sizeof(lfs_root_dir) / sizeof(struct direct));
414 	*dp++ = ((u_long *)ipagep)[0];
415 	put(fd, off, ipagep, lfsp->lfs_bsize);
416 	off += lfsp->lfs_bsize;
417 
418 	bzero(ipagep, lfsp->lfs_bsize);
419 	make_dir(ipagep, lfs_lf_dir,
420 		sizeof(lfs_lf_dir) / sizeof(struct direct));
421 	*dp++ = ((u_long *)ipagep)[0];
422 	put(fd, off, ipagep, lfsp->lfs_bsize);
423 
424 	/* Write Supberblock */
425 	lfsp->lfs_offset = (off + lfsp->lfs_bsize) / lp->d_secsize;
426 	put(fd, LFS_LABELPAD, lfsp, sizeof(struct lfs));
427 
428 	/*
429 	 * Finally, calculate all the fields for the summary structure
430 	 * and write it.
431 	 */
432 
433 	summary.ss_next = lfsp->lfs_nextseg;
434 	summary.ss_create = lfsp->lfs_tstamp;
435 	summary.ss_nfinfo = 3;
436 	summary.ss_ninos = 3;
437 	summary.ss_datasum = cksum(datasump, sizeof(u_long) * blocks_used);
438 
439 	/*
440 	 * Make sure that we don't overflow a summary block. We have to
441 	 * record: FINFO structures for ifile, root, and l+f.  The number
442 	 * of blocks recorded for the ifile is determined by the size of
443 	 * the cleaner info and the segments usage table.  There is room
444 	 * for one block included in sizeof(FINFO) so we don't need to add
445 	 * any extra space for the ROOT and L+F, and one block of the ifile
446 	 * is already counted.  Finally, we leave room for 1 inode block
447 	 * address.
448 	 */
449 	sum_size = 3*sizeof(FINFO) + sizeof(SEGSUM) + sizeof(daddr_t) +
450 	    (lfsp->lfs_cleansz + lfsp->lfs_segtabsz) * sizeof(u_long);
451 #define	SUMERR \
452 "Multiple summary blocks in segment 1 not yet implemented\nsummary is %d bytes."
453 	if (sum_size > LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE)
454 		fatal(SUMERR, sum_size);
455 
456 		block_array_size = lfsp->lfs_cleansz + lfsp->lfs_segtabsz + 1;
457 
458 	if (!(block_array = malloc(block_array_size *sizeof(int))))
459 		fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
460 
461 	/* fill in the array */
462 	for (i = 0; i < block_array_size; i++)
463 		block_array[i] = i;
464 
465 	/* copy into segment */
466 	sump = ipagep;
467 	bcopy(&summary, sump, sizeof(SEGSUM));
468 	sump += sizeof(SEGSUM);
469 
470 	/* Now, add the ifile */
471 	file_info.fi_nblocks = block_array_size;
472 	file_info.fi_version = 1;
473 	file_info.fi_ino = LFS_IFILE_INUM;
474 
475 	bcopy(&file_info, sump, sizeof(FINFO) - sizeof(u_long));
476 	sump += sizeof(FINFO) - sizeof(u_long);
477 	bcopy(block_array, sump, sizeof(u_long) * file_info.fi_nblocks);
478 	sump += sizeof(u_long) * file_info.fi_nblocks;
479 
480 	/* Now, add the root directory */
481 	file_info.fi_nblocks = 1;
482 	file_info.fi_version = 1;
483 	file_info.fi_ino = ROOTINO;
484 	file_info.fi_blocks[0] = 0;
485 	bcopy(&file_info, sump, sizeof(FINFO));
486 	sump += sizeof(FINFO);
487 
488 	/* Now, add the lost and found */
489 	file_info.fi_ino = LOSTFOUNDINO;
490 	bcopy(&file_info, sump, sizeof(FINFO));
491 
492 	((daddr_t *)ipagep)[LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE / sizeof(daddr_t) - 1] =
493 	    lfsp->lfs_idaddr;
494 	((SEGSUM *)ipagep)->ss_sumsum = cksum(ipagep+sizeof(summary.ss_sumsum),
495 	    LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE - sizeof(summary.ss_sumsum));
496 	put(fd, LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD, ipagep, LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE);
497 
498 	sp = (SEGSUM *)ipagep;
499 	sp->ss_create = 0;
500 	sp->ss_nfinfo = 0;
501 	sp->ss_ninos = 0;
502 	sp->ss_datasum = 0;
503 
504 	/* Now, write rest of segments containing superblocks */
505 	lfsp->lfs_tstamp = 0;
506 	lfsp->lfs_cksum =
507 	    cksum(lfsp, sizeof(struct lfs) - sizeof(lfsp->lfs_cksum));
508 	for (seg_addr = last_addr = lfsp->lfs_sboffs[0], j = 1, i = 1;
509 	    i < lfsp->lfs_nseg; i++) {
510 
511 		seg_addr += lfsp->lfs_ssize << lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb;
512 		sp->ss_next = last_addr;
513 		last_addr = seg_addr;
514 		seg_seek = seg_addr * lp->d_secsize;
515 
516 		if (seg_addr == lfsp->lfs_sboffs[j]) {
517 			if (j < (LFS_MAXNUMSB - 2))
518 				j++;
519 			put(fd, seg_seek, lfsp, sizeof(struct lfs));
520 			seg_seek += LFS_SBPAD;
521 		}
522 
523 		/* Summary */
524 		sp->ss_sumsum = cksum(&sp->ss_datasum,
525 		    LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE - sizeof(sp->ss_sumsum));
526 		put(fd, seg_seek, sp, LFS_SUMMARY_SIZE);
527 	}
528 	free(ipagep);
529 	close(fd);
530 	return (0);
531 }
532 
533 static void
534 put(fd, off, p, len)
535 	int fd;
536 	off_t off;
537 	void *p;
538 	size_t len;
539 {
540 	int wbytes;
541 
542 	if (lseek(fd, off, SEEK_SET) < 0)
543 		fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
544 	if ((wbytes = write(fd, p, len)) < 0)
545 		fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
546 	if (wbytes != len)
547 		fatal("%s: short write (%d, not %d)", special, wbytes, len);
548 }
549 
550 /*
551  * Create the root directory for this file system and the lost+found
552  * directory.
553  */
554 
555 	u_long	d_ino;			/* inode number of entry */
556 	u_short	d_reclen;		/* length of this record */
557 	u_short	d_namlen;		/* length of string in d_name */
558 	char	d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1];	/* name with length <= MAXNAMLEN */
559 void
560 lfsinit()
561 {}
562 
563 static daddr_t
564 make_dinode(ino, dip, nblocks, saddr, lfsp)
565 	ino_t ino;				/* inode we're creating */
566 	struct dinode *dip;			/* disk inode */
567 	int nblocks;				/* number of blocks in file */
568 	daddr_t saddr;				/* starting block address */
569 	struct lfs *lfsp;			/* superblock */
570 {
571 	int db_per_fb, i;
572 
573 	dip->di_nlink = 1;
574 	dip->di_blocks = nblocks;
575 
576 	/* If we ever need something longer than 32 bits, this changes */
577 	dip->di_size = (dip->di_blocks << lfsp->lfs_bshift);
578 	dip->di_atime.ts_sec = dip->di_mtime.ts_sec =
579 	    dip->di_ctime.ts_sec = lfsp->lfs_tstamp;
580 	dip->di_atime.ts_nsec = dip->di_mtime.ts_nsec =
581 	    dip->di_ctime.ts_nsec = 0;
582 	dip->di_inum = ino;
583 
584 #define	SEGERR \
585 "File requires more than the number of direct blocks; increase block or segment size."
586 	if (NDADDR < nblocks)
587 		fatal("%s", SEGERR);
588 
589 	/* Assign the block addresses for the ifile */
590 	db_per_fb = 1 << lfsp->lfs_fsbtodb;
591 	for (i = 0; i < dip->di_blocks; i++, saddr += db_per_fb)
592 		dip->di_db[i] = saddr;
593 
594 	return (saddr);
595 }
596 
597 
598 /*
599  * Construct a set of directory entries in "bufp".  We assume that all the
600  * entries in protodir fir in the first DIRBLKSIZ.
601  */
602 static void
603 make_dir(bufp, protodir, entries)
604 	void *bufp;
605 	register struct direct *protodir;
606 	int entries;
607 {
608 	char *cp;
609 	int i, spcleft;
610 
611 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
612 	for (cp = bufp, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
613 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(NEWDIRFMT, &protodir[i]);
614 		bcopy(&protodir[i], cp, protodir[i].d_reclen);
615 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
616 		if ((spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen) < 0)
617 			fatal("%s: %s", special, "directory too big");
618 	}
619 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
620 	bcopy(&protodir[i], cp, DIRSIZ(NEWDIRFMT, &protodir[i]));
621 }
622