xref: /csrg-svn/sbin/newfs/newfs.c (revision 30386)

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
 * specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
 */

#ifndef lint
char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.\n\
 All rights reserved.\n";
#endif not lint

#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c	6.2 (Berkeley) 01/13/87";
#endif not lint

/*
 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
 */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/fs.h>
#include <sys/dir.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <sys/file.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

/*
 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
 *	MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
 *	sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
 *	DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
 */
#define	DFL_FRAGSIZE	1024
#define	DFL_BLKSIZE	8192

/*
 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXCPG cylinders. The actual
 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
 * on a single cylinder. The default is to used 16 cylinders
 * per group.
 */
#define	DESCPG		16	/* desired fs_cpg */

/*
 * MINFREE gives the minimum acceptable percentage of file system
 * blocks which may be free. If the freelist drops below this level
 * only the superuser may continue to allocate blocks. This may
 * be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary,
 * however throughput drops by fifty percent if the file system
 * is run at between 90% and 100% full; thus the default value of
 * fs_minfree is 10%. With 10% free space, fragmentation is not a
 * problem, so we choose to optimize for time.
 */
#define MINFREE		10
#define DEFAULTOPT	FS_OPTTIME

/*
 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms.
 */
#define ROTDELAY	4

/*
 * MAXCONTIG sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
 * that may be allocated sequentially. Since UNIX drivers are
 * not capable of scheduling multi-block transfers, this defaults
 * to 1 (ie no contiguous blocks are allocated).
 */
#define MAXCONTIG	1

/*
 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
 * We allocate one inode slot per NBPI bytes, expecting this
 * to be far more than we will ever need.
 */
#define	NBPI		2048

int	Nflag;			/* run without writing file system */
int	fssize;			/* file system size */
int	ntracks;		/* # tracks/cylinder */
int	nsectors;		/* # sectors/track */
int	nphyssectors;		/* # sectors/track including spares */
int	secpercyl;		/* sectors per cylinder */
int	trackspares = -1;	/* spare sectors per track */
int	cylspares = -1;		/* spare sectors per cylinder */
int	sectorsize;		/* bytes/sector */
int	rpm;			/* revolutions/minute of drive */
int	interleave;		/* hardware sector interleave */
int	trackskew = -1;		/* sector 0 skew, per track */
int	headswitch;		/* head switch time, usec */
int	trackseek;		/* track-to-track seek, usec */
int	fsize = DFL_FRAGSIZE;	/* fragment size */
int	bsize = DFL_BLKSIZE;	/* block size */
int	cpg = DESCPG;		/* cylinders/cylinder group */
int	minfree = MINFREE;	/* free space threshold */
int	opt = DEFAULTOPT;	/* optimization preference (space or time) */
int	density = NBPI;		/* number of bytes per inode */
int	maxcontig = MAXCONTIG;	/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
int	rotdelay = ROTDELAY;	/* rotational delay between blocks */

char	device[MAXPATHLEN];

extern	int errno;
char	*index();
char	*rindex();
char	*sprintf();

main(argc, argv)
	int argc;
	char *argv[];
{
	char *cp, *special;
	register struct partition *pp;
	register struct disklabel *lp;
	struct disklabel *getdisklabel();
	struct partition oldpartition;
	struct stat st;
	int fsi, fso;
	register int i;
	int status;

	argc--, argv++;
	while (argc > 0 && argv[0][0] == '-') {
		for (cp = &argv[0][1]; *cp; cp++)
			switch (*cp) {

			case 'N':
				Nflag++;
				break;

			case 'S':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-S: missing sector size");
				argc--, argv++;
				sectorsize = atoi(*argv);
				if (sectorsize <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad sector size", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'a':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-a: spare sectors per cylinder");
				argc--, argv++;
				cylspares = atoi(*argv);
				if (cylspares < 0)
					fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'b':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-b: missing block size");
				argc--, argv++;
				bsize = atoi(*argv);
				if (bsize < MINBSIZE)
					fatal("%s: bad block size", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'c':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-c: missing cylinders/group");
				argc--, argv++;
				cpg = atoi(*argv);
				if (cpg <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'd':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-d: missing sectors/track");
				argc--, argv++;
				nsectors = atoi(*argv);
				if (nsectors <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'f':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-f: missing frag size");
				argc--, argv++;
				fsize = atoi(*argv);
				if (fsize <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad frag size", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'i':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-i: missing bytes per inode\n");
				argc--, argv++;
				density = atoi(*argv);
				if (density <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n",
						*argv);
				goto next;

			case 'k':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-k: track skew");
				argc--, argv++;
				trackskew = atoi(*argv);
				if (trackskew < 0)
					fatal("%s: bad track skew", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'l':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-l: interleave");
				argc--, argv++;
				interleave = atoi(*argv);
				if (interleave <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad interleave", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'm':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-m: missing free space %%\n");
				argc--, argv++;
				minfree = atoi(*argv);
				if (minfree < 0 || minfree > 99)
					fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n",
						*argv);
				goto next;

			case 'o':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-o: missing optimization preference");
				argc--, argv++;
				if (strcmp(*argv, "space") == 0)
					opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
				else if (strcmp(*argv, "time") == 0)
					opt = FS_OPTTIME;
				else
					fatal("%s: bad optimization preference %s",
					    *argv,
					    "(options are `space' or `time')");
				goto next;

			case 'p':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-p: spare sectors per track");
				argc--, argv++;
				trackspares = atoi(*argv);
				if (trackspares < 0)
					fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 'r':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-r: missing revs/minute\n");
				argc--, argv++;
				rpm = atoi(*argv);
				if (rpm <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad revs/minute\n", *argv);
				goto next;

			case 's':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-s: missing file system size");
				argc--, argv++;
				fssize = atoi(*argv);
				if (fssize <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad file system size",
						*argv);
				goto next;

			case 't':
				if (argc < 1)
					fatal("-t: missing track total");
				argc--, argv++;
				ntracks = atoi(*argv);
				if (ntracks <= 0)
					fatal("%s: bad total tracks", *argv);
				goto next;

			default:
				fatal("-%c: unknown flag", cp);
			}
next:
		argc--, argv++;
	}
	if (argc < 1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "usage: newfs [ fsoptions ] special-device\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-N do not create file system, %s\n",
			"just print out parameters");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-d sectors/track\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference %s\n",
			"(`space' or `time')");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\t-a spare sectors per cylinder\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	special = argv[0];
	cp = rindex(special, '/');
	if (cp != 0)
		special = cp + 1;
	if (*special == 'r' && special[1] != 'a' && special[1] != 'b')
		special++;
	special = sprintf(device, "/dev/r%s", special);
	if (!Nflag) {
		fso = open(special, O_WRONLY);
		if (fso < 0) {
			perror(special);
			exit(1);
		}
	} else
		fso = -1;
	fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY);
	if (fsi < 0) {
		perror(special);
		exit(1);
	}
	if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "newfs: "); perror(special);
		exit(2);
	}
	if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR)
		fatal("%s: not a character device", special);
	cp = index(argv[0], '\0') - 1;
	if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp))
		fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", argv[0]);
	lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi);
	if (isdigit(*cp))
		pp = &lp->d_partitions[0];
	else
		pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
	if (pp->p_size == 0)
		fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", argv[0], *cp);
	if (fssize == 0)
		fssize = pp->p_size;
	if (fssize > pp->p_size)
	       fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d",
			argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size);
	if (rpm == 0) {
		rpm = lp->d_rpm;
		if (rpm <= 0)
			fatal("%s: no default rpm", argv[1]);
	}
	if (ntracks == 0) {
		ntracks = lp->d_ntracks;
		if (ntracks <= 0)
			fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[1]);
	}
	if (nsectors == 0) {
		nsectors = lp->d_nsectors;
		if (nsectors <= 0)
			fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[1]);
	}
	if (sectorsize == 0) {
		sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
		if (sectorsize <= 0)
			fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[1]);
	}
	if (trackskew == -1) {
		trackskew = lp->d_trackskew;
		if (trackskew < 0)
			fatal("%s: no default track skew", argv[1]);
	}
	if (interleave == 0) {
		interleave = lp->d_interleave;
		if (interleave <= 0)
			fatal("%s: no default interleave", argv[1]);
	}
	if (fsize == 0) {
		fsize = pp->p_fsize;
		if (fsize <= 0)
			fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize);
	}
	if (bsize == 0) {
		bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
		if (bsize <= 0)
			bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
	}
	if (minfree < 10 && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
		fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than 10%%\n");
		opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
	}
	if (trackspares == -1) {
		trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack;
		if (trackspares < 0)
			fatal("%s: no default spares/track", argv[1]);
	}
	nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares;
	if (cylspares == -1) {
		cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl;
		if (cylspares < 0)
			fatal("%s: no default spares/cylinder", argv[1]);
	}
	secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares;
	if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl)
		fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%d)\n",
			"Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl,
			"disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl);
	headswitch = lp->d_headswitch;
	trackseek = lp->d_trkseek;
	oldpartition = *pp;
	mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso);
	if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
		rewritelabel(special, fso, lp);
	exit(0);
}

#ifdef byioctl
struct disklabel *
getdisklabel(s, fd)
	char *s;
	int	fd;
{
	static struct disklabel lab;

	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) {
		perror("ioctl (GDINFO)");
		fatal("%s: can't read disk label", s);
	}
	return (&lab);
}

rewritelabel(s, fd, lp)
	char *s;
	int fd;
	register struct disklabel *lp;
{

	lp->d_checksum = 0;
	lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) {
		perror("ioctl (GWINFO)");
		fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
	}
}
#else byioctl
char specname[64];
char boot[BBSIZE];

struct disklabel *
getdisklabel(s, fd)
	char *s;
	int	fd;
{
	char *cp;
	u_long magic = htonl(DISKMAGIC);
	register struct disklabel *lp;
	int cfd;

	/*
	 * Make name for 'c' partition.
	 */
	strcpy(specname, s);
	cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1;
	if (!isdigit(*cp))
		*cp = 'c';
	cfd = open(specname, O_RDONLY);
	if (cfd < 0) {
		perror(specname);
		exit(2);
	}

	if (read(cfd, boot, BBSIZE) < BBSIZE) {
		perror(specname);
		exit(2);
	}
	close(cfd);
	for (lp = (struct disklabel *)(boot + LABELOFFSET);
	    lp <= (struct disklabel *)(boot + BBSIZE -
	    sizeof(struct disklabel));
	    lp = (struct disklabel *)((char *)lp + 128))
		if (lp->d_magic == magic && lp->d_magic2 == magic)
			break;
	if (lp > (struct disklabel *)(boot + BBSIZE -
	    sizeof(struct disklabel)) ||
	    lp->d_magic != magic || lp->d_magic2 != magic ||
	    dkcksum(lp) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr,
	"Bad pack magic number (label is damaged, or pack is unlabeled)\n");
		exit(1);
	}
#if ENDIAN != BIG
	swablabel(lp);
#endif
	return (lp);
}

rewritelabel(s, fd, lp)
	char *s;
	int fd;
	register struct disklabel *lp;
{
	daddr_t alt;
	register i;
	int secsize, cfd;

	secsize = lp->d_secsize;
	alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors;
#if ENDIAN != BIG
	swablabel(lp);
#endif
	lp->d_checksum = 0;
	lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
	cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY);
	if (cfd < 0) {
		perror(specname);
		exit(2);
	}
	lseek(cfd, (off_t)0, L_SET);
	if (write(cfd, boot, BBSIZE) < BBSIZE) {
		perror(specname);
		exit(2);
	}
	for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) {
		lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * secsize, L_SET);
		if (write(cfd, boot, secsize) < secsize) {
			int oerrno = errno;
			fprintf(stderr, "alternate label %d ", i/2);
			errno = oerrno;
			perror("write");
		}
	}
	close(cfd);
}
#endif byioctl

/*VARARGS*/
fatal(fmt, arg1, arg2)
	char *fmt;
{

	fprintf(stderr, "newfs: ");
	fprintf(stderr, fmt, arg1, arg2);
	putc('\n', stderr);
	exit(10);
}