xref: /csrg-svn/lib/libc/gen/fts.c (revision 52290)

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * %sccs.include.redist.c%
 */

#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)fts.c	5.29 (Berkeley) 02/03/92";
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fts.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

static FTSENT	*fts_alloc __P((FTS *, char *, int));
static FTSENT	*fts_build __P((FTS *, int));
static void	 fts_lfree __P((FTSENT *));
static void	 fts_load __P((FTS *, FTSENT *));
static void	 fts_padjust __P((FTS *, void *));
static int	 fts_palloc __P((FTS *, int));
static FTSENT	*fts_sort __P((FTS *, FTSENT *, int));
static u_short	 fts_stat __P((FTS *, FTSENT *, int));

#define	ISDOT(a)	(a[0] == '.' && (!a[1] || a[1] == '.' && !a[2]))

#define	ISSET(opt)	(sp->fts_options & opt)
#define	SET(opt)	(sp->fts_options |= opt)

#define	CHDIR(sp, path)	(!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) && chdir(path))
#define	FCHDIR(sp, fd)	(!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) && fchdir(fd))

/* fts_build flags */
#define	BCHILD		1		/* from fts_children */
#define	BREAD		2		/* from fts_read */

FTS *
fts_open(argv, options, compar)
	char * const *argv;
	register int options;
	int (*compar)();
{
	register FTS *sp;
	register FTSENT *p, *root;
	register int nitems, maxlen;
	FTSENT *parent, *tmp;
	int len;

	/* Allocate/initialize the stream */
	if ((sp = malloc((u_int)sizeof(FTS))) == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	bzero(sp, sizeof(FTS));
	sp->fts_compar = compar;
	sp->fts_options = options;

	/* Logical walks turn on NOCHDIR; symbolic links are too hard. */
	if (ISSET(FTS_LOGICAL))
		SET(FTS_NOCHDIR);

	/* Allocate/initialize root's parent. */
	if ((parent = fts_alloc(sp, "", 0)) == NULL)
		goto mem1;
	parent->fts_level = FTS_ROOTPARENTLEVEL;

	/* Allocate/initialize root(s). */
	for (root = NULL, maxlen = nitems = 0; *argv; ++argv, ++nitems) {
		/* Don't allow zero-length paths. */
		if ((len = strlen(*argv)) == 0) {
			errno = ENOENT;
			goto mem2;
		}
		if (maxlen < len)
			maxlen = len;

		p = fts_alloc(sp, *argv, len);
		p->fts_level = FTS_ROOTLEVEL;
		p->fts_parent = parent;
		p->fts_accpath = p->fts_name;
		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0);

		/* Command-line "." and ".." are real directories. */
		if (p->fts_info == FTS_DOT)
			p->fts_info = FTS_D;

		/*
		 * If comparison routine supplied, traverse in sorted
		 * order; otherwise traverse in the order specified.
		 */
		if (compar) {
			p->fts_link = root;
			root = p;
		} else {
			p->fts_link = NULL;
			if (root == NULL)
				tmp = root = p;
			else {
				tmp->fts_link = p;
				tmp = p;
			}
		}
	}
	if (compar && nitems > 1)
		root = fts_sort(sp, root, nitems);

	/*
	 * Allocate a dummy pointer and make fts_read think that we've just
	 * finished the node before the root(s); set p->fts_info to FTS_INIT
	 * so that everything about the "current" node is ignored.
	 */
	if ((sp->fts_cur = fts_alloc(sp, "", 0)) == NULL)
		goto mem2;
	sp->fts_cur->fts_link = root;
	sp->fts_cur->fts_info = FTS_INIT;

	/*
	 * Start out with more than 1K of path space, and enough, in any
	 * case, to hold the user's paths.
	 */
	if (fts_palloc(sp, MAX(maxlen, MAXPATHLEN)))
		goto mem3;

	/*
	 * If using chdir(2), grab a file descriptor pointing to dot to insure
	 * that we can get back here; this could be avoided for some paths,
	 * but almost certainly not worth the effort.  Slashes, symbolic links,
	 * and ".." are all fairly nasty problems.  Note, if we can't get the
	 * descriptor we run anyway, just more slowly.
	 */
	if (!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) && (sp->fts_rfd = open(".", O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
		SET(FTS_NOCHDIR);

	return (sp);

mem3:	free(sp->fts_cur);
mem2:	fts_lfree(root);
	free(parent);
mem1:	free(sp);
	return (NULL);
}

static void
fts_load(sp, p)
	FTS *sp;
	register FTSENT *p;
{
	register int len;
	register char *cp;

	/*
	 * Load the stream structure for the next traversal.  Since we don't
	 * actually enter the directory until after the preorder visit, set
	 * the fts_accpath field specially so the chdir gets done to the right
	 * place and the user can access the first node.  From fts_open it's
	 * known that the path will fit.
	 */
	len = p->fts_pathlen = p->fts_namelen;
	bcopy(p->fts_name, sp->fts_path, len + 1);
	if ((cp = rindex(p->fts_name, '/')) && (cp != p->fts_name || cp[1])) {
		len = strlen(++cp);
		bcopy(cp, p->fts_name, len + 1);
		p->fts_namelen = len;
	}
	p->fts_accpath = p->fts_path = sp->fts_path;
	sp->fts_dev = p->fts_dev;
}

int
fts_close(sp)
	FTS *sp;
{
	register FTSENT *freep, *p;
	int saved_errno;

	/*
	 * This still works if we haven't read anything -- the dummy structure
	 * points to the root list, so we step through to the end of the root
	 * list which has a valid parent pointer.
	 */
	if (sp->fts_cur) {
		for (p = sp->fts_cur; p->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL;) {
			freep = p;
			p = p->fts_link ? p->fts_link : p->fts_parent;
			free(freep);
		}
		free(p);
	}

	/* Free up child linked list, sort array, path buffer. */
	if (sp->fts_child)
		fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
	if (sp->fts_array)
		free(sp->fts_array);
	free(sp->fts_path);

	/* Return to original directory, save errno if necessary. */
	if (!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
		saved_errno = fchdir(sp->fts_rfd) ? errno : 0;
		(void)close(sp->fts_rfd);
	}

	/* Free up the stream pointer. */
	free(sp);

	/* Set errno and return. */
	if (!ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) && saved_errno) {
		errno = saved_errno;
		return (-1);
	}
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Special case a root of "/" so that slashes aren't appended which would
 * cause paths to be written as "//foo".
 */
#define	NAPPEND(p) \
	(p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL && p->fts_pathlen == 1 && \
	    p->fts_path[0] == '/' ? 0 : p->fts_pathlen)

FTSENT *
fts_read(sp)
	register FTS *sp;
{
	register FTSENT *p, *tmp;
	register int instr;
	register char *t;

	/* If finished or unrecoverable error, return NULL. */
	if (sp->fts_cur == NULL || ISSET(FTS_STOP))
		return (NULL);

	/* Set current node pointer. */
	p = sp->fts_cur;

	/* Save and zero out user instructions. */
	instr = p->fts_instr;
	p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;

	/* Any type of file may be re-visited; re-stat and re-turn. */
	if (instr == FTS_AGAIN) {
		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0);
		return (p);
	}

	/*
	 * Following a symlink -- SLNONE test allows application to see
	 * SLNONE and recover.  If indirecting through a symlink, have
	 * keep a pointer to current location.  If unable to get that
	 * pointer, follow fails.
	 */
	if (instr == FTS_FOLLOW &&
	    (p->fts_info == FTS_SL || p->fts_info == FTS_SLNONE)) {
		p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 1);
		if (p->fts_info == FTS_D && !ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
			if ((p->fts_symfd = open(".", O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) {
				p->fts_errno = errno;
				p->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
			} else
				p->fts_flags |= FTS_SYMFOLLOW;
		return (p);
	}

	/* Directory in pre-order. */
	if (p->fts_info == FTS_D) {
		/* If skipped or crossed mount point, do post-order visit. */
		if (instr == FTS_SKIP ||
		    ISSET(FTS_XDEV) && p->fts_dev != sp->fts_dev) {
			if (p->fts_flags & FTS_SYMFOLLOW)
				(void)close(p->fts_symfd);
			if (sp->fts_child) {
				fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);
				sp->fts_child = NULL;
			}
			p->fts_info = FTS_DP;
			return (p);
		}

		/*
		 * Cd to the subdirectory, reading it if haven't already.  If
		 * the read fails for any reason, or the directory is empty,
		 * the fts_info field of the current node is set by fts_build.
		 * If have already read and now fail to chdir, whack the list
		 * to make the names come out right, and set the parent state
		 * so the application will eventually get an error condition.
		 * If haven't read and fail to chdir, check to see if we're
		 * at the root node -- if so, we have to get back or the root
		 * node may be inaccessible.
		 */
		if (sp->fts_child) {
			if (CHDIR(sp, p->fts_accpath)) {
				p->fts_errno = errno;
				p->fts_flags |= FTS_DONTCHDIR;
				for (p = sp->fts_child; p; p = p->fts_link)
					p->fts_accpath =
					    p->fts_parent->fts_accpath;
			}
		} else if ((sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, BREAD)) == NULL) {
			p->fts_flags |= FTS_DONTCHDIR;
			if (ISSET(FTS_STOP))
				return (NULL);
			if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL &&
			    FCHDIR(sp, sp->fts_rfd)) {
				(void)close(sp->fts_rfd);
				SET(FTS_STOP);
				return (NULL);
			}
			(void)close(sp->fts_rfd);
			return (p);
		}
		p = sp->fts_child;
		sp->fts_child = NULL;
		goto name;
	}

	/* Move to the next node on this level. */
next:	tmp = p;
	if (p = p->fts_link) {
		free(tmp);

		/* If reached the top, load the paths for the next root. */
		if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL) {
			fts_load(sp, p);
			return (sp->fts_cur = p);
		}

		/*
		 * User may have called fts_set on the node.  If skipped,
		 * ignore.  If followed, get a file descriptor so we can
		 * get back if necessary.
		 */
		if (p->fts_instr == FTS_SKIP)
			goto next;
		if (p->fts_instr == FTS_FOLLOW) {
			p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 1);
			if (p->fts_info == FTS_D && !ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
				if ((p->fts_symfd =
				    open(".", O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) {
					p->fts_errno = errno;
					p->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
				} else
					p->fts_flags |= FTS_SYMFOLLOW;
			p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;
		}

name:		t = sp->fts_path + NAPPEND(p->fts_parent);
		*t++ = '/';
		bcopy(p->fts_name, t, p->fts_namelen + 1);
		return (sp->fts_cur = p);
	}

	/* Move up to the parent node. */
	p = tmp->fts_parent;
	free(tmp);

	if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTPARENTLEVEL) {
		/*
		 * Done; free everything up and set errno to 0 so the user
		 * can distinguish between error and EOF.
		 */
		free(p);
		errno = 0;
		return (sp->fts_cur = NULL);
	}

	sp->fts_path[p->fts_pathlen] = '\0';

	/*
	 * Change to starting directory.  If at a root node or came through a
	 * symlink, go back through the file descriptor.  Otherwise, just cd
	 * up one directory.
	 */
	if (p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL) {
		if (FCHDIR(sp, sp->fts_rfd)) {
			(void)close(sp->fts_rfd);
			SET(FTS_STOP);
			return (NULL);
		}
		(void)close(sp->fts_rfd);
	} else if (p->fts_flags & FTS_SYMFOLLOW) {
		if (FCHDIR(sp, p->fts_symfd)) {
			(void)close(p->fts_symfd);
			SET(FTS_STOP);
			return (NULL);
		}
		(void)close(p->fts_symfd);
	} else if (!(p->fts_flags & FTS_DONTCHDIR)) {
		if (CHDIR(sp, "..")) {
			SET(FTS_STOP);
			return (NULL);
		}
	}
	p->fts_info = p->fts_errno ? FTS_ERR : FTS_DP;
	return (sp->fts_cur = p);
}

/*
 * Fts_set takes the stream as an argument although it's not used in this
 * implementation; it would be necessary if anyone wanted to add global
 * semantics to fts using fts_set.  An error return is allowed for similar
 * reasons.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
int
fts_set(sp, p, instr)
	FTS *sp;
	FTSENT *p;
	int instr;
{
	p->fts_instr = instr;
	return (0);
}

FTSENT *
fts_children(sp)
	register FTS *sp;
{
	register FTSENT *p;
	int fd;

	/* Set current node pointer. */
	p = sp->fts_cur;

	/*
	 * Errno set to 0 so user can distinguish empty directory from
	 * an error.
	 */
	errno = 0;

	/* Fatal errors stop here. */
	if (ISSET(FTS_STOP))
		return (NULL);

	/* Return logical hierarchy of user's arguments. */
	if (p->fts_info == FTS_INIT)
		return (p->fts_link);

	/*
	 * If not a directory being visited in pre-order, stop here.  Could
	 * allow FTS_DNR, assuming the user has fixed the problem, but the
	 * same effect is available with FTS_AGAIN.
	 */
	if (p->fts_info != FTS_D /* && p->fts_info != FTS_DNR */)
		return (NULL);

	/* Free up any previous child list. */
	if (sp->fts_child)
		fts_lfree(sp->fts_child);

	/*
	 * If using chdir on a relative path and called BEFORE fts_read does
	 * its chdir to the root of a traversal, we can lose -- we need to
	 * chdir into the subdirectory, and we don't know where the current
	 * directory is, so we can't get back so that the upcoming chdir by
	 * fts_read will work.
	 */
	if (p->fts_level != FTS_ROOTLEVEL || p->fts_accpath[0] == '/' ||
	    ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR))
		return (sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, BCHILD));

	if ((fd = open(".", O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
		return (NULL);
	sp->fts_child = fts_build(sp, BCHILD);
	if (fchdir(fd))
		return (NULL);
	(void)close(fd);
	return (sp->fts_child);
}

/*
 * This is the tricky part -- do not casually change *anything* in here.  The
 * idea is to build the linked list of entries that are used by fts_children
 * and fts_read.  There are lots of special cases.
 *
 * The real slowdown in walking the tree is the stat calls.  If FTS_NOSTAT is
 * set and it's a physical walk (so that symbolic links can't be directories),
 * we assume that the number of subdirectories in a node is equal to the number
 * of links to the parent.  This allows stat calls to be skipped in any leaf
 * directories and for any nodes after the directories in the parent node have
 * been found.  This empirically cuts the stat calls by about 2/3.
 */
static FTSENT *
fts_build(sp, type)
	register FTS *sp;
	int type;
{
	register struct dirent *dp;
	register FTSENT *p, *head;
	register int nitems;
	FTSENT *cur, *tail;
	DIR *dirp;
	void *adjaddr;
	int cderrno, descend, len, level, maxlen, nlinks, saved_errno;
	char *cp;

	/* Set current node pointer. */
	cur = sp->fts_cur;

	/*
	 * Open the directory for reading.  If this fails, we're done.
	 * If being called from fts_read, set the fts_info field.
	 */
	if ((dirp = opendir(cur->fts_accpath)) == NULL) {
		if (type == BREAD) {
			cur->fts_info = FTS_DNR;
			cur->fts_errno = errno;
		}
		return (NULL);
	}

	/*
	 * Nlinks is the number of possible entries of type directory in the
	 * directory if we're cheating on stat calls, 0 if we're not doing
	 * any stat calls at all, -1 if we're doing stats on everything.
	 */
	nlinks = ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT) && ISSET(FTS_PHYSICAL) ?
	    cur->fts_nlink - (ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT) ? 0 : 2) : -1;

#ifdef notdef
	(void)printf("nlinks == %d (cur: %d)\n", nlinks, cur->fts_nlink);
	(void)printf("NOSTAT %d PHYSICAL %d SEEDOT %d\n",
	    ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT), ISSET(FTS_PHYSICAL), ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT));
#endif
	/*
	 * If we're going to need to stat anything or we want to descend
	 * and stay in the directory, chdir.  If this fails we keep going.
	 * We won't be able to stat anything, but we can still return the
	 * names themselves.  Note, that since fts_read won't be able to
	 * chdir into the directory, it will have to return different path
	 * names than before, i.e. "a/b" instead of "b".  Since the node
	 * has already been visited in pre-order, have to wait until the
	 * post-order visit to return the error.  There is a special case
	 * here, if there was nothing to stat then it's not an error to
	 * not be able to stat.  This is all fairly nasty.  If a program
	 * needed sorted entries or stat information, they had better be
	 * checking FTS_NS on the returned nodes.
	 */
	if (nlinks || type == BREAD)
		if (FCHDIR(sp, dirfd(dirp))) {
			if (nlinks && type == BREAD)
				cur->fts_errno = errno;
			descend = 0;
			cderrno = errno;
		} else {
			descend = 1;
			cderrno = 0;
		}
	else
		descend = 0;

	/*
	 * Figure out the max file name length that can be stored in the
	 * current path -- the inner loop allocates more path as necessary.
	 * We really wouldn't have to do the maxlen calculations here, we
	 * could do them in fts_read before returning the path, but it's a
	 * lot easier here since the length is part of the dirent structure.
	 *
	 * If not changing directories set a pointer so that can just append
	 * each new name into the path.
	 */
	maxlen = sp->fts_pathlen - cur->fts_pathlen - 1;
	len = NAPPEND(cur);
	if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
		cp = sp->fts_path + len;
		*cp++ = '/';
	}

	level = cur->fts_level + 1;

	/* Read the directory, attaching each entry to the `link' pointer. */
	adjaddr = NULL;
	for (head = tail = NULL, nitems = 0; dp = readdir(dirp);) {
		if (!ISSET(FTS_SEEDOT) && ISDOT(dp->d_name))
			continue;

		if ((p = fts_alloc(sp, dp->d_name, (int)dp->d_namlen)) == NULL)
			goto mem1;
		if (dp->d_namlen > maxlen) {
			if (fts_palloc(sp, (int)dp->d_namlen)) {
				/*
				 * No more memory for path or structures.  Save
				 * errno, free up the current structure and the
				 * structures already allocated.
				 */
mem1:				saved_errno = errno;
				if (p)
					free(p);
				fts_lfree(head);
				(void)closedir(dirp);
				errno = saved_errno;
				cur->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
				SET(FTS_STOP);
				return (NULL);
			}
			adjaddr = sp->fts_path;
			maxlen = sp->fts_pathlen - sp->fts_cur->fts_pathlen - 1;
		}

		p->fts_pathlen = len + dp->d_namlen + 1;
		p->fts_parent = sp->fts_cur;
		p->fts_level = level;

		if (cderrno) {
			if (nlinks) {
				p->fts_info = FTS_NS;
				p->fts_errno = cderrno;
			} else
				p->fts_info = FTS_NSOK;
			p->fts_accpath = cur->fts_accpath;
		} else if (nlinks) {
			/* Build a file name for fts_stat to stat. */
			if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
				p->fts_accpath = p->fts_path;
				bcopy(p->fts_name, cp, p->fts_namelen + 1);
			} else
				p->fts_accpath = p->fts_name;
			p->fts_info = fts_stat(sp, p, 0);
			if (nlinks > 0 && (p->fts_info == FTS_D ||
			    p->fts_info == FTS_DC || p->fts_info == FTS_DOT))
				--nlinks;
		} else {
			p->fts_accpath =
			    ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR) ? p->fts_path : p->fts_name;
			p->fts_info = FTS_NSOK;
		}

		/* We walk in directory order so "ls -f" doesn't get upset. */
		p->fts_link = NULL;
		if (head == NULL)
			head = tail = p;
		else {
			tail->fts_link = p;
			tail = p;
		}
		++nitems;
	}
	(void)closedir(dirp);

	/*
	 * If had to realloc the path, adjust the addresses for the rest
	 * of the tree.
	 */
	if (adjaddr)
		fts_padjust(sp, adjaddr);

	/*
	 * If not changing directories, reset the path back to original
	 * state.
	 */
	if (ISSET(FTS_NOCHDIR)) {
		if (cp - 1 > sp->fts_path)
			--cp;
		*cp = '\0';
	}

	/*
	 * If descended after called from fts_children or called from
	 * fts_read and didn't find anything, get back.  If can't get
	 * back, done.
	 */
	if (descend && (!nitems || type == BCHILD) && CHDIR(sp, "..")) {
		cur->fts_info = FTS_ERR;
		SET(FTS_STOP);
		return (NULL);
	}

	/* If didn't find anything, just do the post-order visit */
	if (!nitems) {
		if (type == BREAD)
			cur->fts_info = FTS_DP;
		return (NULL);
	}

	/* Sort the entries. */
	if (sp->fts_compar && nitems > 1)
		head = fts_sort(sp, head, nitems);
	return (head);
}

static u_short
fts_stat(sp, p, follow)
	FTS *sp;
	register FTSENT *p;
	int follow;
{
	register FTSENT *t;
	register dev_t dev;
	register ino_t ino;
	struct stat *sbp, sb;
	int saved_errno;

	/* If user needs stat info, stat buffer already allocated. */
	sbp = ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT) ? &sb : p->fts_statp;

	/*
	 * If doing a logical walk, or application requested FTS_FOLLOW, do
	 * a stat(2).  If that fails, check for a non-existent symlink.  If
	 * fail, set the errno from the stat call.
	 */
	if (ISSET(FTS_LOGICAL) || follow) {
		if (stat(p->fts_accpath, sbp)) {
			saved_errno = errno;
			if (!lstat(p->fts_accpath, sbp)) {
				errno = 0;
				return (FTS_SLNONE);
			}
			p->fts_errno = saved_errno;
			goto err;
		}
	} else if (lstat(p->fts_accpath, sbp)) {
		p->fts_errno = errno;
err:		bzero(sbp, sizeof(struct stat));
		return (FTS_NS);
	}

	if (S_ISDIR(sbp->st_mode)) {
		/*
		 * Set the device/inode.  Used to find cycles and check for
		 * crossing mount points.  Also remember the link count, used
		 * in fts_build to limit the number of stat calls.  It is
		 * understood that these fields are only referenced if fts_info
		 * is set to FTS_D.
		 */
		dev = p->fts_dev = sbp->st_dev;
		ino = p->fts_ino = sbp->st_ino;
		p->fts_nlink = sbp->st_nlink;

		if (ISDOT(p->fts_name))
			return (FTS_DOT);

		/*
		 * Cycle detection is done by brute force when the directory
		 * is first encountered.  If the tree gets deep enough or the
		 * number of symbolic links to directories is high enough,
		 * something faster might be worthwhile.
		 */
		for (t = p->fts_parent;
		    t->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL; t = t->fts_parent)
			if (ino == t->fts_ino && dev == t->fts_dev) {
				p->fts_cycle = t;
				return (FTS_DC);
			}
		return (FTS_D);
	}
	if (S_ISLNK(sbp->st_mode))
		return (FTS_SL);
	if (S_ISREG(sbp->st_mode))
		return (FTS_F);
	return (FTS_DEFAULT);
}

static FTSENT *
fts_sort(sp, head, nitems)
	FTS *sp;
	FTSENT *head;
	register int nitems;
{
	register FTSENT **ap, *p;

	/*
	 * Construct an array of pointers to the structures and call qsort(3).
	 * Reassemble the array in the order returned by qsort.  If unable to
	 * sort for memory reasons, return the directory entries in their
	 * current order.  Allocate enough space for the current needs plus
	 * 40 so don't realloc one entry at a time.
	 */
	if (nitems > sp->fts_nitems) {
		sp->fts_nitems = nitems + 40;
		if ((sp->fts_array = realloc(sp->fts_array,
		    (size_t)(sp->fts_nitems * sizeof(FTSENT *)))) == NULL) {
			sp->fts_nitems = 0;
			return (head);
		}
	}
	for (ap = sp->fts_array, p = head; p; p = p->fts_link)
		*ap++ = p;
	qsort((void *)sp->fts_array, nitems, sizeof(FTSENT *), sp->fts_compar);
	for (head = *(ap = sp->fts_array); --nitems; ++ap)
		ap[0]->fts_link = ap[1];
	ap[0]->fts_link = NULL;
	return (head);
}

static FTSENT *
fts_alloc(sp, name, len)
	FTS *sp;
	char *name;
	register int len;
{
	register FTSENT *p;
	int needstat;

	/*
	 * Variable sized structures.  The stat structure isn't necessary
	 * if the user doesn't need it, and the name is variable length.
	 * Allocate enough extra space after the structure to store them.
	 */
	needstat = ISSET(FTS_NOSTAT) ? 0 : sizeof(struct stat);
	if ((p = malloc((size_t)(sizeof(FTSENT) + len + 1 + needstat))) == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	bcopy(name, p->fts_name, len + 1);
	if (needstat)
		p->fts_statp = (struct stat *)(p->fts_name + len + 1);
	p->fts_namelen = len;
	p->fts_path = sp->fts_path;
	p->fts_errno = 0;
	p->fts_flags = 0;
	p->fts_instr = FTS_NOINSTR;
	p->fts_number = 0;
#ifdef NOT_NECESSARY
	p->fts_pointer = NULL;
#endif
	return (p);
}

static void
fts_lfree(head)
	register FTSENT *head;
{
	register FTSENT *p;

	/* Free a linked list of structures. */
	while (p = head) {
		head = head->fts_link;
		free(p);
	}
}

/*
 * Allow essentially unlimited paths; find, rm, ls should all work on any tree.
 * Most systems will allow creation of paths much longer than MAXPATHLEN, even
 * though the kernel won't resolve them.  Add the size (not just what's needed)
 * plus 256 bytes so don't realloc the path 2 bytes at a time.
 */
static int
fts_palloc(sp, more)
	FTS *sp;
	int more;
{

	sp->fts_pathlen += more + 256;
	sp->fts_path = realloc(sp->fts_path, (size_t)sp->fts_pathlen);
	return (sp->fts_path == NULL);
}

/*
 * When the path is realloc'd, have to fix all of the pointers in structures
 * already returned.
 */
static void
fts_padjust(sp, addr)
	FTS *sp;
	void *addr;
{
	FTSENT *p;

#define	ADJUST(p) { \
	(p)->fts_accpath = addr + ((p)->fts_accpath - (p)->fts_path); \
	(p)->fts_path = addr; \
}
	/* Adjust the current set of children. */
	for (p = sp->fts_child; p; p = p->fts_link)
		ADJUST(p);

	/* Adjust the rest of the tree. */
	for (p = sp->fts_cur; p->fts_level >= FTS_ROOTLEVEL;) {
		ADJUST(p);
		p = p->fts_link ? p->fts_link : p->fts_parent;
	}
}