1*54250Scael.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1991 The Regents of the University of California. 247100Sbostic.\" All rights reserved. 347100Sbostic.\" 447100Sbostic.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 547100Sbostic.\" Kenneth Almquist. 6*54250Scael.\" Copyright 1989 by Kenneth Almquist 747100Sbostic.\" 8*54250Scael.\" %sccs.include.redist.roff% 947100Sbostic.\" 10*54250Scael.\" @(#)echo.1 5.2 (Berkeley) 06/22/92 1147100Sbostic.\" 12*54250Scael.Dd 13*54250Scael.Dt ECHO 1 14*54250Scael.Os BSD 4.4 15*54250Scael.Sh NAME 16*54250Scael.Nm echo 17*54250Scael.Nd produce message in a shell script 18*54250Scael.Sh SYNOPSIS 19*54250Scael.Nm echo 20*54250Scael.Op Fl n | Fl e 21*54250Scael.Ar args... 22*54250Scael.Sh DESCRIPTION 23*54250Scael.Nm Echo 2447100Sbosticprints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces. 2547100SbosticUnless the 26*54250Scael.Fl n 2747100Sbosticoption is present, a newline is output following the arguments. 2847100SbosticThe 29*54250Scael.Fl e 3047100Sbosticoption causes 31*54250Scael.Nm echo 3247100Sbosticto treat the escape sequences specially, as described in the following 33*54250Scaelparagraph. 34*54250ScaelThe 35*54250Scael.Fl e 3647100Sbosticoption is the default, and is provided solely for compatibility with 3747100Sbosticother systems. 3847100SbosticOnly one of the options 39*54250Scael.Fl n 4047100Sbosticand 41*54250Scael.Fl e 4247100Sbosticmay be given. 43*54250Scael.Pp 4447100SbosticIf any of the following sequences of characters is encountered during 4547100Sbosticoutput, the sequence is not output. Instead, the specified action is 4647100Sbosticperformed: 47*54250Scael.Bl -tag -width indent 48*54250Scael.It Li \eb 4947100SbosticA backspace character is output. 50*54250Scael.It Li \ec 5147100SbosticSubsequent output is suppressed. This is normally used at the end of the 5247100Sbosticlast argument to suppress the trailing newline that 53*54250Scael.Nm echo 5447100Sbosticwould otherwise output. 55*54250Scael.It Li \ef 5647100SbosticOutput a form feed. 57*54250Scael.It Li \en 5847100SbosticOutput a newline character. 59*54250Scael.It Li \er 6047100SbosticOutput a carriage return. 61*54250Scael.It Li \et 6247100SbosticOutput a (horizontal) tab character. 63*54250Scael.It Li \ev 6447100SbosticOutput a vertical tab. 65*54250Scael.It Li \e0 Ns Ar digits 6647100SbosticOutput the character whose value is given by zero to three digits. 6747100SbosticIf there are zero digits, a nul character is output. 68*54250Scael.It Li \e\e 6947100SbosticOutput a backslash. 70*54250Scael.El 71*54250Scael.Sh HINTS 7247100SbosticRemember that backslash is special to the shell and needs to be escaped. 7347100SbosticTo output a message to standard error, say 74*54250Scael.Pp 75*54250Scael.D1 echo message >&2 76*54250Scael.Sh BUGS 77*54250ScaelThe octal character escape mechanism 78*54250Scael.Pq Li \e0 Ns Ar digits 79*54250Scaeldiffers from the 8047100SbosticC language mechanism. 81*54250Scael.Pp 8247100SbosticThere is no way to force 83*54250Scael.Nm echo 8447100Sbosticto treat its arguments literally, rather than interpreting them as 8547100Sbosticoptions and escape sequences. 86