160695Sbostic.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 260695Sbostic.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 347100Sbostic.\" 447100Sbostic.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 547100Sbostic.\" Kenneth Almquist. 654250Scael.\" Copyright 1989 by Kenneth Almquist 747100Sbostic.\" 854250Scael.\" %sccs.include.redist.roff% 947100Sbostic.\" 10*69276Schristos.\" @(#)echo.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 05/04/95 1147100Sbostic.\" 1254250Scael.Dd 1354250Scael.Dt ECHO 1 1454250Scael.Os BSD 4.4 1554250Scael.Sh NAME 1654250Scael.Nm echo 1754250Scael.Nd produce message in a shell script 1854250Scael.Sh SYNOPSIS 1954250Scael.Nm echo 2054250Scael.Op Fl n | Fl e 2154250Scael.Ar args... 2254250Scael.Sh DESCRIPTION 2354250Scael.Nm Echo 2447100Sbosticprints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces. 2547100SbosticUnless the 2654250Scael.Fl n 2747100Sbosticoption is present, a newline is output following the arguments. 2847100SbosticThe 2954250Scael.Fl e 3047100Sbosticoption causes 3154250Scael.Nm echo 3247100Sbosticto treat the escape sequences specially, as described in the following 3354250Scaelparagraph. 3454250ScaelThe 3554250Scael.Fl e 3647100Sbosticoption is the default, and is provided solely for compatibility with 3747100Sbosticother systems. 3847100SbosticOnly one of the options 3954250Scael.Fl n 4047100Sbosticand 4154250Scael.Fl e 4247100Sbosticmay be given. 4354250Scael.Pp 4447100SbosticIf any of the following sequences of characters is encountered during 4547100Sbosticoutput, the sequence is not output. Instead, the specified action is 4647100Sbosticperformed: 4754250Scael.Bl -tag -width indent 4854250Scael.It Li \eb 4947100SbosticA backspace character is output. 5054250Scael.It Li \ec 5147100SbosticSubsequent output is suppressed. This is normally used at the end of the 5247100Sbosticlast argument to suppress the trailing newline that 5354250Scael.Nm echo 5447100Sbosticwould otherwise output. 5554250Scael.It Li \ef 5647100SbosticOutput a form feed. 5754250Scael.It Li \en 5847100SbosticOutput a newline character. 5954250Scael.It Li \er 6047100SbosticOutput a carriage return. 6154250Scael.It Li \et 6247100SbosticOutput a (horizontal) tab character. 6354250Scael.It Li \ev 6447100SbosticOutput a vertical tab. 6554250Scael.It Li \e0 Ns Ar digits 6647100SbosticOutput the character whose value is given by zero to three digits. 6747100SbosticIf there are zero digits, a nul character is output. 6854250Scael.It Li \e\e 6947100SbosticOutput a backslash. 7054250Scael.El 7154250Scael.Sh HINTS 7247100SbosticRemember that backslash is special to the shell and needs to be escaped. 7347100SbosticTo output a message to standard error, say 7454250Scael.Pp 7554250Scael.D1 echo message >&2 7654250Scael.Sh BUGS 7754250ScaelThe octal character escape mechanism 7854250Scael.Pq Li \e0 Ns Ar digits 7954250Scaeldiffers from the 8047100SbosticC language mechanism. 8154250Scael.Pp 8247100SbosticThere is no way to force 8354250Scael.Nm echo 8447100Sbosticto treat its arguments literally, rather than interpreting them as 8547100Sbosticoptions and escape sequences. 86