xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/sshconnect.c (revision 99fd087599a8791921855f21bd7e36130f39aadc)
1 /* $OpenBSD: sshconnect.c,v 1.328 2020/01/25 07:17:18 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Code to connect to a remote host, and to perform the client side of the
7  * login (authentication) dialog.
8  *
9  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
10  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
11  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
12  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
13  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
14  */
15 
16 #include <sys/types.h>
17 #include <sys/wait.h>
18 #include <sys/stat.h>
19 #include <sys/socket.h>
20 #include <sys/time.h>
21 
22 #include <net/if.h>
23 #include <netinet/in.h>
24 
25 #include <ctype.h>
26 #include <errno.h>
27 #include <fcntl.h>
28 #include <netdb.h>
29 #include <paths.h>
30 #include <signal.h>
31 #include <pwd.h>
32 #include <stdio.h>
33 #include <stdlib.h>
34 #include <stdarg.h>
35 #include <string.h>
36 #include <unistd.h>
37 #include <ifaddrs.h>
38 
39 #include "xmalloc.h"
40 #include "ssh.h"
41 #include "sshbuf.h"
42 #include "packet.h"
43 #include "compat.h"
44 #include "sshkey.h"
45 #include "sshconnect.h"
46 #include "hostfile.h"
47 #include "log.h"
48 #include "misc.h"
49 #include "readconf.h"
50 #include "atomicio.h"
51 #include "dns.h"
52 #include "monitor_fdpass.h"
53 #include "ssh2.h"
54 #include "version.h"
55 #include "authfile.h"
56 #include "ssherr.h"
57 #include "authfd.h"
58 #include "kex.h"
59 
60 struct sshkey *previous_host_key = NULL;
61 
62 static int matching_host_key_dns = 0;
63 
64 static pid_t proxy_command_pid = 0;
65 
66 /* import */
67 extern int debug_flag;
68 extern Options options;
69 extern char *__progname;
70 
71 static int show_other_keys(struct hostkeys *, struct sshkey *);
72 static void warn_changed_key(struct sshkey *);
73 
74 /* Expand a proxy command */
75 static char *
76 expand_proxy_command(const char *proxy_command, const char *user,
77     const char *host, const char *host_arg, int port)
78 {
79 	char *tmp, *ret, strport[NI_MAXSERV];
80 
81 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%d", port);
82 	xasprintf(&tmp, "exec %s", proxy_command);
83 	ret = percent_expand(tmp,
84 	    "h", host,
85 	    "n", host_arg,
86 	    "p", strport,
87 	    "r", options.user,
88 	    (char *)NULL);
89 	free(tmp);
90 	return ret;
91 }
92 
93 static void
94 stderr_null(void)
95 {
96 	int devnull;
97 
98 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY)) == -1) {
99 		error("Can't open %s for stderr redirection: %s",
100 		    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
101 		return;
102 	}
103 	if (devnull == STDERR_FILENO)
104 		return;
105 	if (dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)
106 		error("Cannot redirect stderr to %s", _PATH_DEVNULL);
107 	if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
108 		close(devnull);
109 }
110 
111 /*
112  * Connect to the given ssh server using a proxy command that passes a
113  * a connected fd back to us.
114  */
115 static int
116 ssh_proxy_fdpass_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host,
117     const char *host_arg, u_short port, const char *proxy_command)
118 {
119 	char *command_string;
120 	int sp[2], sock;
121 	pid_t pid;
122 	char *shell;
123 
124 	if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL)
125 		shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
126 
127 	if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sp) == -1)
128 		fatal("Could not create socketpair to communicate with "
129 		    "proxy dialer: %.100s", strerror(errno));
130 
131 	command_string = expand_proxy_command(proxy_command, options.user,
132 	    host, host_arg, port);
133 	debug("Executing proxy dialer command: %.500s", command_string);
134 
135 	/* Fork and execute the proxy command. */
136 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
137 		char *argv[10];
138 
139 		close(sp[1]);
140 		/* Redirect stdin and stdout. */
141 		if (sp[0] != 0) {
142 			if (dup2(sp[0], 0) == -1)
143 				perror("dup2 stdin");
144 		}
145 		if (sp[0] != 1) {
146 			if (dup2(sp[0], 1) == -1)
147 				perror("dup2 stdout");
148 		}
149 		if (sp[0] >= 2)
150 			close(sp[0]);
151 
152 		/*
153 		 * Stderr is left for non-ControlPersist connections is so
154 		 * error messages may be printed on the user's terminal.
155 		 */
156 		if (!debug_flag && options.control_path != NULL &&
157 		    options.control_persist)
158 			stderr_null();
159 
160 		argv[0] = shell;
161 		argv[1] = "-c";
162 		argv[2] = command_string;
163 		argv[3] = NULL;
164 
165 		/*
166 		 * Execute the proxy command.
167 		 * Note that we gave up any extra privileges above.
168 		 */
169 		execv(argv[0], argv);
170 		perror(argv[0]);
171 		exit(1);
172 	}
173 	/* Parent. */
174 	if (pid == -1)
175 		fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
176 	close(sp[0]);
177 	free(command_string);
178 
179 	if ((sock = mm_receive_fd(sp[1])) == -1)
180 		fatal("proxy dialer did not pass back a connection");
181 	close(sp[1]);
182 
183 	while (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1)
184 		if (errno != EINTR)
185 			fatal("Couldn't wait for child: %s", strerror(errno));
186 
187 	/* Set the connection file descriptors. */
188 	if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock) == NULL)
189 		return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
190 
191 	return 0;
192 }
193 
194 /*
195  * Connect to the given ssh server using a proxy command.
196  */
197 static int
198 ssh_proxy_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, const char *host_arg,
199     u_short port, const char *proxy_command)
200 {
201 	char *command_string;
202 	int pin[2], pout[2];
203 	pid_t pid;
204 	char *shell;
205 
206 	if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL || *shell == '\0')
207 		shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
208 
209 	/* Create pipes for communicating with the proxy. */
210 	if (pipe(pin) == -1 || pipe(pout) == -1)
211 		fatal("Could not create pipes to communicate with the proxy: %.100s",
212 		    strerror(errno));
213 
214 	command_string = expand_proxy_command(proxy_command, options.user,
215 	    host, host_arg, port);
216 	debug("Executing proxy command: %.500s", command_string);
217 
218 	/* Fork and execute the proxy command. */
219 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
220 		char *argv[10];
221 
222 		/* Redirect stdin and stdout. */
223 		close(pin[1]);
224 		if (pin[0] != 0) {
225 			if (dup2(pin[0], 0) == -1)
226 				perror("dup2 stdin");
227 			close(pin[0]);
228 		}
229 		close(pout[0]);
230 		if (dup2(pout[1], 1) == -1)
231 			perror("dup2 stdout");
232 		/* Cannot be 1 because pin allocated two descriptors. */
233 		close(pout[1]);
234 
235 		/*
236 		 * Stderr is left for non-ControlPersist connections is so
237 		 * error messages may be printed on the user's terminal.
238 		 */
239 		if (!debug_flag && options.control_path != NULL &&
240 		    options.control_persist)
241 			stderr_null();
242 
243 		argv[0] = shell;
244 		argv[1] = "-c";
245 		argv[2] = command_string;
246 		argv[3] = NULL;
247 
248 		/* Execute the proxy command.  Note that we gave up any
249 		   extra privileges above. */
250 		ssh_signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
251 		execv(argv[0], argv);
252 		perror(argv[0]);
253 		exit(1);
254 	}
255 	/* Parent. */
256 	if (pid == -1)
257 		fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
258 	else
259 		proxy_command_pid = pid; /* save pid to clean up later */
260 
261 	/* Close child side of the descriptors. */
262 	close(pin[0]);
263 	close(pout[1]);
264 
265 	/* Free the command name. */
266 	free(command_string);
267 
268 	/* Set the connection file descriptors. */
269 	if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, pout[0], pin[1]) == NULL)
270 		return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
271 
272 	return 0;
273 }
274 
275 void
276 ssh_kill_proxy_command(void)
277 {
278 	/*
279 	 * Send SIGHUP to proxy command if used. We don't wait() in
280 	 * case it hangs and instead rely on init to reap the child
281 	 */
282 	if (proxy_command_pid > 1)
283 		kill(proxy_command_pid, SIGHUP);
284 }
285 
286 /*
287  * Search a interface address list (returned from getifaddrs(3)) for an
288  * address that matches the desired address family on the specified interface.
289  * Returns 0 and fills in *resultp and *rlenp on success. Returns -1 on failure.
290  */
291 static int
292 check_ifaddrs(const char *ifname, int af, const struct ifaddrs *ifaddrs,
293     struct sockaddr_storage *resultp, socklen_t *rlenp)
294 {
295 	struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6;
296 	struct sockaddr_in *sa;
297 	struct in6_addr *v6addr;
298 	const struct ifaddrs *ifa;
299 	int allow_local;
300 
301 	/*
302 	 * Prefer addresses that are not loopback or linklocal, but use them
303 	 * if nothing else matches.
304 	 */
305 	for (allow_local = 0; allow_local < 2; allow_local++) {
306 		for (ifa = ifaddrs; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
307 			if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL || ifa->ifa_name == NULL ||
308 			    (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_UP) == 0 ||
309 			    ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != af ||
310 			    strcmp(ifa->ifa_name, options.bind_interface) != 0)
311 				continue;
312 			switch (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family) {
313 			case AF_INET:
314 				sa = (struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_addr;
315 				if (!allow_local && sa->sin_addr.s_addr ==
316 				    htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK))
317 					continue;
318 				if (*rlenp < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) {
319 					error("%s: v4 addr doesn't fit",
320 					    __func__);
321 					return -1;
322 				}
323 				*rlenp = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
324 				memcpy(resultp, sa, *rlenp);
325 				return 0;
326 			case AF_INET6:
327 				sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)ifa->ifa_addr;
328 				v6addr = &sa6->sin6_addr;
329 				if (!allow_local &&
330 				    (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(v6addr) ||
331 				    IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(v6addr)))
332 					continue;
333 				if (*rlenp < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) {
334 					error("%s: v6 addr doesn't fit",
335 					    __func__);
336 					return -1;
337 				}
338 				*rlenp = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
339 				memcpy(resultp, sa6, *rlenp);
340 				return 0;
341 			}
342 		}
343 	}
344 	return -1;
345 }
346 
347 /*
348  * Creates a socket for use as the ssh connection.
349  */
350 static int
351 ssh_create_socket(struct addrinfo *ai)
352 {
353 	int sock, r;
354 	struct sockaddr_storage bindaddr;
355 	socklen_t bindaddrlen = 0;
356 	struct addrinfo hints, *res = NULL;
357 	struct ifaddrs *ifaddrs = NULL;
358 	char ntop[NI_MAXHOST];
359 
360 	sock = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol);
361 	if (sock == -1) {
362 		error("socket: %s", strerror(errno));
363 		return -1;
364 	}
365 	fcntl(sock, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
366 
367 	/* Bind the socket to an alternative local IP address */
368 	if (options.bind_address == NULL && options.bind_interface == NULL)
369 		return sock;
370 
371 	if (options.bind_address != NULL) {
372 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
373 		hints.ai_family = ai->ai_family;
374 		hints.ai_socktype = ai->ai_socktype;
375 		hints.ai_protocol = ai->ai_protocol;
376 		hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
377 		if ((r = getaddrinfo(options.bind_address, NULL,
378 		    &hints, &res)) != 0) {
379 			error("getaddrinfo: %s: %s", options.bind_address,
380 			    ssh_gai_strerror(r));
381 			goto fail;
382 		}
383 		if (res == NULL) {
384 			error("getaddrinfo: no addrs");
385 			goto fail;
386 		}
387 		memcpy(&bindaddr, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
388 		bindaddrlen = res->ai_addrlen;
389 	} else if (options.bind_interface != NULL) {
390 		if ((r = getifaddrs(&ifaddrs)) != 0) {
391 			error("getifaddrs: %s: %s", options.bind_interface,
392 			      strerror(errno));
393 			goto fail;
394 		}
395 		bindaddrlen = sizeof(bindaddr);
396 		if (check_ifaddrs(options.bind_interface, ai->ai_family,
397 		    ifaddrs, &bindaddr, &bindaddrlen) != 0) {
398 			logit("getifaddrs: %s: no suitable addresses",
399 			      options.bind_interface);
400 			goto fail;
401 		}
402 	}
403 	if ((r = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&bindaddr, bindaddrlen,
404 	    ntop, sizeof(ntop), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) != 0) {
405 		error("%s: getnameinfo failed: %s", __func__,
406 		    ssh_gai_strerror(r));
407 		goto fail;
408 	}
409 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&bindaddr, bindaddrlen) != 0) {
410 		error("bind %s: %s", ntop, strerror(errno));
411 		goto fail;
412 	}
413 	debug("%s: bound to %s", __func__, ntop);
414 	/* success */
415 	goto out;
416 fail:
417 	close(sock);
418 	sock = -1;
419  out:
420 	if (res != NULL)
421 		freeaddrinfo(res);
422 	if (ifaddrs != NULL)
423 		freeifaddrs(ifaddrs);
424 	return sock;
425 }
426 
427 /*
428  * Opens a TCP/IP connection to the remote server on the given host.
429  * The address of the remote host will be returned in hostaddr.
430  * If port is 0, the default port will be used.
431  * Connection_attempts specifies the maximum number of tries (one per
432  * second).  If proxy_command is non-NULL, it specifies the command (with %h
433  * and %p substituted for host and port, respectively) to use to contact
434  * the daemon.
435  */
436 static int
437 ssh_connect_direct(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, struct addrinfo *aitop,
438     struct sockaddr_storage *hostaddr, u_short port, int family,
439     int connection_attempts, int *timeout_ms, int want_keepalive)
440 {
441 	int on = 1, saved_timeout_ms = *timeout_ms;
442 	int oerrno, sock = -1, attempt;
443 	char ntop[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
444 	struct addrinfo *ai;
445 
446 	debug2("%s", __func__);
447 	memset(ntop, 0, sizeof(ntop));
448 	memset(strport, 0, sizeof(strport));
449 
450 	for (attempt = 0; attempt < connection_attempts; attempt++) {
451 		if (attempt > 0) {
452 			/* Sleep a moment before retrying. */
453 			sleep(1);
454 			debug("Trying again...");
455 		}
456 		/*
457 		 * Loop through addresses for this host, and try each one in
458 		 * sequence until the connection succeeds.
459 		 */
460 		for (ai = aitop; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
461 			if (ai->ai_family != AF_INET &&
462 			    ai->ai_family != AF_INET6) {
463 				errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
464 				continue;
465 			}
466 			if (getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen,
467 			    ntop, sizeof(ntop), strport, sizeof(strport),
468 			    NI_NUMERICHOST|NI_NUMERICSERV) != 0) {
469 				oerrno = errno;
470 				error("%s: getnameinfo failed", __func__);
471 				errno = oerrno;
472 				continue;
473 			}
474 			debug("Connecting to %.200s [%.100s] port %s.",
475 				host, ntop, strport);
476 
477 			/* Create a socket for connecting. */
478 			sock = ssh_create_socket(ai);
479 			if (sock < 0) {
480 				/* Any error is already output */
481 				errno = 0;
482 				continue;
483 			}
484 
485 			*timeout_ms = saved_timeout_ms;
486 			if (timeout_connect(sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen,
487 			    timeout_ms) >= 0) {
488 				/* Successful connection. */
489 				memcpy(hostaddr, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen);
490 				break;
491 			} else {
492 				oerrno = errno;
493 				debug("connect to address %s port %s: %s",
494 				    ntop, strport, strerror(errno));
495 				close(sock);
496 				sock = -1;
497 				errno = oerrno;
498 			}
499 		}
500 		if (sock != -1)
501 			break;	/* Successful connection. */
502 	}
503 
504 	/* Return failure if we didn't get a successful connection. */
505 	if (sock == -1) {
506 		error("ssh: connect to host %s port %s: %s",
507 		    host, strport, errno == 0 ? "failure" : strerror(errno));
508 		return -1;
509 	}
510 
511 	debug("Connection established.");
512 
513 	/* Set SO_KEEPALIVE if requested. */
514 	if (want_keepalive &&
515 	    setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&on,
516 	    sizeof(on)) == -1)
517 		error("setsockopt SO_KEEPALIVE: %.100s", strerror(errno));
518 
519 	/* Set the connection. */
520 	if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock) == NULL)
521 		return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
522 
523 	return 0;
524 }
525 
526 int
527 ssh_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, const char *host_arg,
528     struct addrinfo *addrs, struct sockaddr_storage *hostaddr, u_short port,
529     int family, int connection_attempts, int *timeout_ms, int want_keepalive)
530 {
531 	int in, out;
532 
533 	if (options.proxy_command == NULL) {
534 		return ssh_connect_direct(ssh, host, addrs, hostaddr, port,
535 		    family, connection_attempts, timeout_ms, want_keepalive);
536 	} else if (strcmp(options.proxy_command, "-") == 0) {
537 		if ((in = dup(STDIN_FILENO)) == -1 ||
538 		    (out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO)) == -1) {
539 			if (in >= 0)
540 				close(in);
541 			error("%s: dup() in/out failed", __func__);
542 			return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
543 		}
544 		if ((ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, in, out)) == NULL)
545 			return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
546 		return 0;
547 	} else if (options.proxy_use_fdpass) {
548 		return ssh_proxy_fdpass_connect(ssh, host, host_arg, port,
549 		    options.proxy_command);
550 	}
551 	return ssh_proxy_connect(ssh, host, host_arg, port,
552 	    options.proxy_command);
553 }
554 
555 /* defaults to 'no' */
556 static int
557 confirm(const char *prompt, const char *fingerprint)
558 {
559 	const char *msg, *again = "Please type 'yes' or 'no': ";
560 	const char *again_fp = "Please type 'yes', 'no' or the fingerprint: ";
561 	char *p, *cp;
562 	int ret = -1;
563 
564 	if (options.batch_mode)
565 		return 0;
566 	for (msg = prompt;;msg = fingerprint ? again_fp : again) {
567 		cp = p = read_passphrase(msg, RP_ECHO);
568 		if (p == NULL)
569 			return 0;
570 		p += strspn(p, " \t"); /* skip leading whitespace */
571 		p[strcspn(p, " \t\n")] = '\0'; /* remove trailing whitespace */
572 		if (p[0] == '\0' || strcasecmp(p, "no") == 0)
573 			ret = 0;
574 		else if (strcasecmp(p, "yes") == 0 || (fingerprint != NULL &&
575 		    strcasecmp(p, fingerprint) == 0))
576 			ret = 1;
577 		free(cp);
578 		if (ret != -1)
579 			return ret;
580 	}
581 }
582 
583 static int
584 check_host_cert(const char *host, const struct sshkey *key)
585 {
586 	const char *reason;
587 	int r;
588 
589 	if (sshkey_cert_check_authority(key, 1, 0, host, &reason) != 0) {
590 		error("%s", reason);
591 		return 0;
592 	}
593 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) != 0) {
594 		error("Certificate for %s contains unsupported "
595 		    "critical options(s)", host);
596 		return 0;
597 	}
598 	if ((r = sshkey_check_cert_sigtype(key,
599 	    options.ca_sign_algorithms)) != 0) {
600 		logit("%s: certificate signature algorithm %s: %s", __func__,
601 		    (key->cert == NULL || key->cert->signature_type == NULL) ?
602 		    "(null)" : key->cert->signature_type, ssh_err(r));
603 		return 0;
604 	}
605 
606 	return 1;
607 }
608 
609 static int
610 sockaddr_is_local(struct sockaddr *hostaddr)
611 {
612 	switch (hostaddr->sa_family) {
613 	case AF_INET:
614 		return (ntohl(((struct sockaddr_in *)hostaddr)->
615 		    sin_addr.s_addr) >> 24) == IN_LOOPBACKNET;
616 	case AF_INET6:
617 		return IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(
618 		    &(((struct sockaddr_in6 *)hostaddr)->sin6_addr));
619 	default:
620 		return 0;
621 	}
622 }
623 
624 /*
625  * Prepare the hostname and ip address strings that are used to lookup
626  * host keys in known_hosts files. These may have a port number appended.
627  */
628 void
629 get_hostfile_hostname_ipaddr(char *hostname, struct sockaddr *hostaddr,
630     u_short port, char **hostfile_hostname, char **hostfile_ipaddr)
631 {
632 	char ntop[NI_MAXHOST];
633 
634 	/*
635 	 * We don't have the remote ip-address for connections
636 	 * using a proxy command
637 	 */
638 	if (hostfile_ipaddr != NULL) {
639 		if (options.proxy_command == NULL) {
640 			if (getnameinfo(hostaddr, hostaddr->sa_len,
641 			    ntop, sizeof(ntop), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
642 			fatal("%s: getnameinfo failed", __func__);
643 			*hostfile_ipaddr = put_host_port(ntop, port);
644 		} else {
645 			*hostfile_ipaddr = xstrdup("<no hostip for proxy "
646 			    "command>");
647 		}
648 	}
649 
650 	/*
651 	 * Allow the user to record the key under a different name or
652 	 * differentiate a non-standard port.  This is useful for ssh
653 	 * tunneling over forwarded connections or if you run multiple
654 	 * sshd's on different ports on the same machine.
655 	 */
656 	if (hostfile_hostname != NULL) {
657 		if (options.host_key_alias != NULL) {
658 			*hostfile_hostname = xstrdup(options.host_key_alias);
659 			debug("using hostkeyalias: %s", *hostfile_hostname);
660 		} else {
661 			*hostfile_hostname = put_host_port(hostname, port);
662 		}
663 	}
664 }
665 
666 /*
667  * check whether the supplied host key is valid, return -1 if the key
668  * is not valid. user_hostfile[0] will not be updated if 'readonly' is true.
669  */
670 #define RDRW	0
671 #define RDONLY	1
672 #define ROQUIET	2
673 static int
674 check_host_key(char *hostname, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, u_short port,
675     struct sshkey *host_key, int readonly,
676     char **user_hostfiles, u_int num_user_hostfiles,
677     char **system_hostfiles, u_int num_system_hostfiles)
678 {
679 	HostStatus host_status;
680 	HostStatus ip_status;
681 	struct sshkey *raw_key = NULL;
682 	char *ip = NULL, *host = NULL;
683 	char hostline[1000], *hostp, *fp, *ra;
684 	char msg[1024];
685 	const char *type;
686 	const struct hostkey_entry *host_found, *ip_found;
687 	int len, cancelled_forwarding = 0, confirmed;
688 	int local = sockaddr_is_local(hostaddr);
689 	int r, want_cert = sshkey_is_cert(host_key), host_ip_differ = 0;
690 	int hostkey_trusted = 0; /* Known or explicitly accepted by user */
691 	struct hostkeys *host_hostkeys, *ip_hostkeys;
692 	u_int i;
693 
694 	/*
695 	 * Force accepting of the host key for loopback/localhost. The
696 	 * problem is that if the home directory is NFS-mounted to multiple
697 	 * machines, localhost will refer to a different machine in each of
698 	 * them, and the user will get bogus HOST_CHANGED warnings.  This
699 	 * essentially disables host authentication for localhost; however,
700 	 * this is probably not a real problem.
701 	 */
702 	if (options.no_host_authentication_for_localhost == 1 && local &&
703 	    options.host_key_alias == NULL) {
704 		debug("Forcing accepting of host key for "
705 		    "loopback/localhost.");
706 		return 0;
707 	}
708 
709 	/*
710 	 * Prepare the hostname and address strings used for hostkey lookup.
711 	 * In some cases, these will have a port number appended.
712 	 */
713 	get_hostfile_hostname_ipaddr(hostname, hostaddr, port, &host, &ip);
714 
715 	/*
716 	 * Turn off check_host_ip if the connection is to localhost, via proxy
717 	 * command or if we don't have a hostname to compare with
718 	 */
719 	if (options.check_host_ip && (local ||
720 	    strcmp(hostname, ip) == 0 || options.proxy_command != NULL))
721 		options.check_host_ip = 0;
722 
723 	host_hostkeys = init_hostkeys();
724 	for (i = 0; i < num_user_hostfiles; i++)
725 		load_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host, user_hostfiles[i]);
726 	for (i = 0; i < num_system_hostfiles; i++)
727 		load_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host, system_hostfiles[i]);
728 
729 	ip_hostkeys = NULL;
730 	if (!want_cert && options.check_host_ip) {
731 		ip_hostkeys = init_hostkeys();
732 		for (i = 0; i < num_user_hostfiles; i++)
733 			load_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, ip, user_hostfiles[i]);
734 		for (i = 0; i < num_system_hostfiles; i++)
735 			load_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, ip, system_hostfiles[i]);
736 	}
737 
738  retry:
739 	/* Reload these as they may have changed on cert->key downgrade */
740 	want_cert = sshkey_is_cert(host_key);
741 	type = sshkey_type(host_key);
742 
743 	/*
744 	 * Check if the host key is present in the user's list of known
745 	 * hosts or in the systemwide list.
746 	 */
747 	host_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host_key,
748 	    &host_found);
749 
750 	/*
751 	 * Also perform check for the ip address, skip the check if we are
752 	 * localhost, looking for a certificate, or the hostname was an ip
753 	 * address to begin with.
754 	 */
755 	if (!want_cert && ip_hostkeys != NULL) {
756 		ip_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, host_key,
757 		    &ip_found);
758 		if (host_status == HOST_CHANGED &&
759 		    (ip_status != HOST_CHANGED ||
760 		    (ip_found != NULL &&
761 		    !sshkey_equal(ip_found->key, host_found->key))))
762 			host_ip_differ = 1;
763 	} else
764 		ip_status = host_status;
765 
766 	switch (host_status) {
767 	case HOST_OK:
768 		/* The host is known and the key matches. */
769 		debug("Host '%.200s' is known and matches the %s host %s.",
770 		    host, type, want_cert ? "certificate" : "key");
771 		debug("Found %s in %s:%lu", want_cert ? "CA key" : "key",
772 		    host_found->file, host_found->line);
773 		if (want_cert &&
774 		    !check_host_cert(options.host_key_alias == NULL ?
775 		    hostname : options.host_key_alias, host_key))
776 			goto fail;
777 		if (options.check_host_ip && ip_status == HOST_NEW) {
778 			if (readonly || want_cert)
779 				logit("%s host key for IP address "
780 				    "'%.128s' not in list of known hosts.",
781 				    type, ip);
782 			else if (!add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], ip,
783 			    host_key, options.hash_known_hosts))
784 				logit("Failed to add the %s host key for IP "
785 				    "address '%.128s' to the list of known "
786 				    "hosts (%.500s).", type, ip,
787 				    user_hostfiles[0]);
788 			else
789 				logit("Warning: Permanently added the %s host "
790 				    "key for IP address '%.128s' to the list "
791 				    "of known hosts.", type, ip);
792 		} else if (options.visual_host_key) {
793 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
794 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
795 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
796 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
797 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
798 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
799 			logit("Host key fingerprint is %s\n%s", fp, ra);
800 			free(ra);
801 			free(fp);
802 		}
803 		hostkey_trusted = 1;
804 		break;
805 	case HOST_NEW:
806 		if (options.host_key_alias == NULL && port != 0 &&
807 		    port != SSH_DEFAULT_PORT) {
808 			debug("checking without port identifier");
809 			if (check_host_key(hostname, hostaddr, 0, host_key,
810 			    ROQUIET, user_hostfiles, num_user_hostfiles,
811 			    system_hostfiles, num_system_hostfiles) == 0) {
812 				debug("found matching key w/out port");
813 				break;
814 			}
815 		}
816 		if (readonly || want_cert)
817 			goto fail;
818 		/* The host is new. */
819 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking ==
820 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_YES) {
821 			/*
822 			 * User has requested strict host key checking.  We
823 			 * will not add the host key automatically.  The only
824 			 * alternative left is to abort.
825 			 */
826 			error("No %s host key is known for %.200s and you "
827 			    "have requested strict checking.", type, host);
828 			goto fail;
829 		} else if (options.strict_host_key_checking ==
830 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_ASK) {
831 			char msg1[1024], msg2[1024];
832 
833 			if (show_other_keys(host_hostkeys, host_key))
834 				snprintf(msg1, sizeof(msg1),
835 				    "\nbut keys of different type are already"
836 				    " known for this host.");
837 			else
838 				snprintf(msg1, sizeof(msg1), ".");
839 			/* The default */
840 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
841 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
842 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
843 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
844 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
845 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
846 			msg2[0] = '\0';
847 			if (options.verify_host_key_dns) {
848 				if (matching_host_key_dns)
849 					snprintf(msg2, sizeof(msg2),
850 					    "Matching host key fingerprint"
851 					    " found in DNS.\n");
852 				else
853 					snprintf(msg2, sizeof(msg2),
854 					    "No matching host key fingerprint"
855 					    " found in DNS.\n");
856 			}
857 			snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
858 			    "The authenticity of host '%.200s (%s)' can't be "
859 			    "established%s\n"
860 			    "%s key fingerprint is %s.%s%s\n%s"
861 			    "Are you sure you want to continue connecting "
862 			    "(yes/no/[fingerprint])? ",
863 			    host, ip, msg1, type, fp,
864 			    options.visual_host_key ? "\n" : "",
865 			    options.visual_host_key ? ra : "",
866 			    msg2);
867 			free(ra);
868 			confirmed = confirm(msg, fp);
869 			free(fp);
870 			if (!confirmed)
871 				goto fail;
872 			hostkey_trusted = 1; /* user explicitly confirmed */
873 		}
874 		/*
875 		 * If in "new" or "off" strict mode, add the key automatically
876 		 * to the local known_hosts file.
877 		 */
878 		if (options.check_host_ip && ip_status == HOST_NEW) {
879 			snprintf(hostline, sizeof(hostline), "%s,%s", host, ip);
880 			hostp = hostline;
881 			if (options.hash_known_hosts) {
882 				/* Add hash of host and IP separately */
883 				r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0],
884 				    host, host_key, options.hash_known_hosts) &&
885 				    add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], ip,
886 				    host_key, options.hash_known_hosts);
887 			} else {
888 				/* Add unhashed "host,ip" */
889 				r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0],
890 				    hostline, host_key,
891 				    options.hash_known_hosts);
892 			}
893 		} else {
894 			r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], host,
895 			    host_key, options.hash_known_hosts);
896 			hostp = host;
897 		}
898 
899 		if (!r)
900 			logit("Failed to add the host to the list of known "
901 			    "hosts (%.500s).", user_hostfiles[0]);
902 		else
903 			logit("Warning: Permanently added '%.200s' (%s) to the "
904 			    "list of known hosts.", hostp, type);
905 		break;
906 	case HOST_REVOKED:
907 		error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
908 		error("@       WARNING: REVOKED HOST KEY DETECTED!               @");
909 		error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
910 		error("The %s host key for %s is marked as revoked.", type, host);
911 		error("This could mean that a stolen key is being used to");
912 		error("impersonate this host.");
913 
914 		/*
915 		 * If strict host key checking is in use, the user will have
916 		 * to edit the key manually and we can only abort.
917 		 */
918 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking !=
919 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) {
920 			error("%s host key for %.200s was revoked and you have "
921 			    "requested strict checking.", type, host);
922 			goto fail;
923 		}
924 		goto continue_unsafe;
925 
926 	case HOST_CHANGED:
927 		if (want_cert) {
928 			/*
929 			 * This is only a debug() since it is valid to have
930 			 * CAs with wildcard DNS matches that don't match
931 			 * all hosts that one might visit.
932 			 */
933 			debug("Host certificate authority does not "
934 			    "match %s in %s:%lu", CA_MARKER,
935 			    host_found->file, host_found->line);
936 			goto fail;
937 		}
938 		if (readonly == ROQUIET)
939 			goto fail;
940 		if (options.check_host_ip && host_ip_differ) {
941 			char *key_msg;
942 			if (ip_status == HOST_NEW)
943 				key_msg = "is unknown";
944 			else if (ip_status == HOST_OK)
945 				key_msg = "is unchanged";
946 			else
947 				key_msg = "has a different value";
948 			error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
949 			error("@       WARNING: POSSIBLE DNS SPOOFING DETECTED!          @");
950 			error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
951 			error("The %s host key for %s has changed,", type, host);
952 			error("and the key for the corresponding IP address %s", ip);
953 			error("%s. This could either mean that", key_msg);
954 			error("DNS SPOOFING is happening or the IP address for the host");
955 			error("and its host key have changed at the same time.");
956 			if (ip_status != HOST_NEW)
957 				error("Offending key for IP in %s:%lu",
958 				    ip_found->file, ip_found->line);
959 		}
960 		/* The host key has changed. */
961 		warn_changed_key(host_key);
962 		error("Add correct host key in %.100s to get rid of this message.",
963 		    user_hostfiles[0]);
964 		error("Offending %s key in %s:%lu",
965 		    sshkey_type(host_found->key),
966 		    host_found->file, host_found->line);
967 
968 		/*
969 		 * If strict host key checking is in use, the user will have
970 		 * to edit the key manually and we can only abort.
971 		 */
972 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking !=
973 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) {
974 			error("%s host key for %.200s has changed and you have "
975 			    "requested strict checking.", type, host);
976 			goto fail;
977 		}
978 
979  continue_unsafe:
980 		/*
981 		 * If strict host key checking has not been requested, allow
982 		 * the connection but without MITM-able authentication or
983 		 * forwarding.
984 		 */
985 		if (options.password_authentication) {
986 			error("Password authentication is disabled to avoid "
987 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
988 			options.password_authentication = 0;
989 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
990 		}
991 		if (options.kbd_interactive_authentication) {
992 			error("Keyboard-interactive authentication is disabled"
993 			    " to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks.");
994 			options.kbd_interactive_authentication = 0;
995 			options.challenge_response_authentication = 0;
996 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
997 		}
998 		if (options.challenge_response_authentication) {
999 			error("Challenge/response authentication is disabled"
1000 			    " to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks.");
1001 			options.challenge_response_authentication = 0;
1002 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
1003 		}
1004 		if (options.forward_agent) {
1005 			error("Agent forwarding is disabled to avoid "
1006 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
1007 			options.forward_agent = 0;
1008 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
1009 		}
1010 		if (options.forward_x11) {
1011 			error("X11 forwarding is disabled to avoid "
1012 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
1013 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
1014 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
1015 		}
1016 		if (options.num_local_forwards > 0 ||
1017 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1018 			error("Port forwarding is disabled to avoid "
1019 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
1020 			options.num_local_forwards =
1021 			    options.num_remote_forwards = 0;
1022 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
1023 		}
1024 		if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) {
1025 			error("Tunnel forwarding is disabled to avoid "
1026 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
1027 			options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_NO;
1028 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
1029 		}
1030 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure && cancelled_forwarding)
1031 			fatal("Error: forwarding disabled due to host key "
1032 			    "check failure");
1033 
1034 		/*
1035 		 * XXX Should permit the user to change to use the new id.
1036 		 * This could be done by converting the host key to an
1037 		 * identifying sentence, tell that the host identifies itself
1038 		 * by that sentence, and ask the user if he/she wishes to
1039 		 * accept the authentication.
1040 		 */
1041 		break;
1042 	case HOST_FOUND:
1043 		fatal("internal error");
1044 		break;
1045 	}
1046 
1047 	if (options.check_host_ip && host_status != HOST_CHANGED &&
1048 	    ip_status == HOST_CHANGED) {
1049 		snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
1050 		    "Warning: the %s host key for '%.200s' "
1051 		    "differs from the key for the IP address '%.128s'"
1052 		    "\nOffending key for IP in %s:%lu",
1053 		    type, host, ip, ip_found->file, ip_found->line);
1054 		if (host_status == HOST_OK) {
1055 			len = strlen(msg);
1056 			snprintf(msg + len, sizeof(msg) - len,
1057 			    "\nMatching host key in %s:%lu",
1058 			    host_found->file, host_found->line);
1059 		}
1060 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking ==
1061 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_ASK) {
1062 			strlcat(msg, "\nAre you sure you want "
1063 			    "to continue connecting (yes/no)? ", sizeof(msg));
1064 			if (!confirm(msg, NULL))
1065 				goto fail;
1066 		} else if (options.strict_host_key_checking !=
1067 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) {
1068 			logit("%s", msg);
1069 			error("Exiting, you have requested strict checking.");
1070 			goto fail;
1071 		} else {
1072 			logit("%s", msg);
1073 		}
1074 	}
1075 
1076 	if (!hostkey_trusted && options.update_hostkeys) {
1077 		debug("%s: hostkey not known or explicitly trusted: "
1078 		    "disabling UpdateHostkeys", __func__);
1079 		options.update_hostkeys = 0;
1080 	}
1081 
1082 	free(ip);
1083 	free(host);
1084 	if (host_hostkeys != NULL)
1085 		free_hostkeys(host_hostkeys);
1086 	if (ip_hostkeys != NULL)
1087 		free_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys);
1088 	return 0;
1089 
1090 fail:
1091 	if (want_cert && host_status != HOST_REVOKED) {
1092 		/*
1093 		 * No matching certificate. Downgrade cert to raw key and
1094 		 * search normally.
1095 		 */
1096 		debug("No matching CA found. Retry with plain key");
1097 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &raw_key)) != 0)
1098 			fatal("%s: sshkey_from_private: %s",
1099 			    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1100 		if ((r = sshkey_drop_cert(raw_key)) != 0)
1101 			fatal("Couldn't drop certificate: %s", ssh_err(r));
1102 		host_key = raw_key;
1103 		goto retry;
1104 	}
1105 	sshkey_free(raw_key);
1106 	free(ip);
1107 	free(host);
1108 	if (host_hostkeys != NULL)
1109 		free_hostkeys(host_hostkeys);
1110 	if (ip_hostkeys != NULL)
1111 		free_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys);
1112 	return -1;
1113 }
1114 
1115 /* returns 0 if key verifies or -1 if key does NOT verify */
1116 int
1117 verify_host_key(char *host, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, struct sshkey *host_key)
1118 {
1119 	u_int i;
1120 	int r = -1, flags = 0;
1121 	char valid[64], *fp = NULL, *cafp = NULL;
1122 	struct sshkey *plain = NULL;
1123 
1124 	if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
1125 	    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) {
1126 		error("%s: fingerprint host key: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1127 		r = -1;
1128 		goto out;
1129 	}
1130 
1131 	if (sshkey_is_cert(host_key)) {
1132 		if ((cafp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key->cert->signature_key,
1133 		    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) {
1134 			error("%s: fingerprint CA key: %s",
1135 			    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1136 			r = -1;
1137 			goto out;
1138 		}
1139 		sshkey_format_cert_validity(host_key->cert,
1140 		    valid, sizeof(valid));
1141 		debug("Server host certificate: %s %s, serial %llu "
1142 		    "ID \"%s\" CA %s %s valid %s",
1143 		    sshkey_ssh_name(host_key), fp,
1144 		    (unsigned long long)host_key->cert->serial,
1145 		    host_key->cert->key_id,
1146 		    sshkey_ssh_name(host_key->cert->signature_key), cafp,
1147 		    valid);
1148 		for (i = 0; i < host_key->cert->nprincipals; i++) {
1149 			debug2("Server host certificate hostname: %s",
1150 			    host_key->cert->principals[i]);
1151 		}
1152 	} else {
1153 		debug("Server host key: %s %s", sshkey_ssh_name(host_key), fp);
1154 	}
1155 
1156 	if (sshkey_equal(previous_host_key, host_key)) {
1157 		debug2("%s: server host key %s %s matches cached key",
1158 		    __func__, sshkey_type(host_key), fp);
1159 		r = 0;
1160 		goto out;
1161 	}
1162 
1163 	/* Check in RevokedHostKeys file if specified */
1164 	if (options.revoked_host_keys != NULL) {
1165 		r = sshkey_check_revoked(host_key, options.revoked_host_keys);
1166 		switch (r) {
1167 		case 0:
1168 			break; /* not revoked */
1169 		case SSH_ERR_KEY_REVOKED:
1170 			error("Host key %s %s revoked by file %s",
1171 			    sshkey_type(host_key), fp,
1172 			    options.revoked_host_keys);
1173 			r = -1;
1174 			goto out;
1175 		default:
1176 			error("Error checking host key %s %s in "
1177 			    "revoked keys file %s: %s", sshkey_type(host_key),
1178 			    fp, options.revoked_host_keys, ssh_err(r));
1179 			r = -1;
1180 			goto out;
1181 		}
1182 	}
1183 
1184 	if (options.verify_host_key_dns) {
1185 		/*
1186 		 * XXX certs are not yet supported for DNS, so downgrade
1187 		 * them and try the plain key.
1188 		 */
1189 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &plain)) != 0)
1190 			goto out;
1191 		if (sshkey_is_cert(plain))
1192 			sshkey_drop_cert(plain);
1193 		if (verify_host_key_dns(host, hostaddr, plain, &flags) == 0) {
1194 			if (flags & DNS_VERIFY_FOUND) {
1195 				if (options.verify_host_key_dns == 1 &&
1196 				    flags & DNS_VERIFY_MATCH &&
1197 				    flags & DNS_VERIFY_SECURE) {
1198 					r = 0;
1199 					goto out;
1200 				}
1201 				if (flags & DNS_VERIFY_MATCH) {
1202 					matching_host_key_dns = 1;
1203 				} else {
1204 					warn_changed_key(plain);
1205 					error("Update the SSHFP RR in DNS "
1206 					    "with the new host key to get rid "
1207 					    "of this message.");
1208 				}
1209 			}
1210 		}
1211 	}
1212 	r = check_host_key(host, hostaddr, options.port, host_key, RDRW,
1213 	    options.user_hostfiles, options.num_user_hostfiles,
1214 	    options.system_hostfiles, options.num_system_hostfiles);
1215 
1216 out:
1217 	sshkey_free(plain);
1218 	free(fp);
1219 	free(cafp);
1220 	if (r == 0 && host_key != NULL) {
1221 		sshkey_free(previous_host_key);
1222 		r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &previous_host_key);
1223 	}
1224 
1225 	return r;
1226 }
1227 
1228 /*
1229  * Starts a dialog with the server, and authenticates the current user on the
1230  * server.  This does not need any extra privileges.  The basic connection
1231  * to the server must already have been established before this is called.
1232  * If login fails, this function prints an error and never returns.
1233  * This function does not require super-user privileges.
1234  */
1235 void
1236 ssh_login(struct ssh *ssh, Sensitive *sensitive, const char *orighost,
1237     struct sockaddr *hostaddr, u_short port, struct passwd *pw, int timeout_ms)
1238 {
1239 	char *host;
1240 	char *server_user, *local_user;
1241 
1242 	local_user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1243 	server_user = options.user ? options.user : local_user;
1244 
1245 	/* Convert the user-supplied hostname into all lowercase. */
1246 	host = xstrdup(orighost);
1247 	lowercase(host);
1248 
1249 	/* Exchange protocol version identification strings with the server. */
1250 	if (kex_exchange_identification(ssh, timeout_ms, NULL) != 0)
1251 		cleanup_exit(255); /* error already logged */
1252 
1253 	/* Put the connection into non-blocking mode. */
1254 	ssh_packet_set_nonblocking(ssh);
1255 
1256 	/* key exchange */
1257 	/* authenticate user */
1258 	debug("Authenticating to %s:%d as '%s'", host, port, server_user);
1259 	ssh_kex2(ssh, host, hostaddr, port);
1260 	ssh_userauth2(ssh, local_user, server_user, host, sensitive);
1261 	free(local_user);
1262 	free(host);
1263 }
1264 
1265 /* print all known host keys for a given host, but skip keys of given type */
1266 static int
1267 show_other_keys(struct hostkeys *hostkeys, struct sshkey *key)
1268 {
1269 	int type[] = {
1270 		KEY_RSA,
1271 		KEY_DSA,
1272 		KEY_ECDSA,
1273 		KEY_ED25519,
1274 		KEY_XMSS,
1275 		-1
1276 	};
1277 	int i, ret = 0;
1278 	char *fp, *ra;
1279 	const struct hostkey_entry *found;
1280 
1281 	for (i = 0; type[i] != -1; i++) {
1282 		if (type[i] == key->type)
1283 			continue;
1284 		if (!lookup_key_in_hostkeys_by_type(hostkeys, type[i], &found))
1285 			continue;
1286 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(found->key,
1287 		    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1288 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(found->key,
1289 		    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
1290 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
1291 			fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1292 		logit("WARNING: %s key found for host %s\n"
1293 		    "in %s:%lu\n"
1294 		    "%s key fingerprint %s.",
1295 		    sshkey_type(found->key),
1296 		    found->host, found->file, found->line,
1297 		    sshkey_type(found->key), fp);
1298 		if (options.visual_host_key)
1299 			logit("%s", ra);
1300 		free(ra);
1301 		free(fp);
1302 		ret = 1;
1303 	}
1304 	return ret;
1305 }
1306 
1307 static void
1308 warn_changed_key(struct sshkey *host_key)
1309 {
1310 	char *fp;
1311 
1312 	fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key, options.fingerprint_hash,
1313 	    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1314 	if (fp == NULL)
1315 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1316 
1317 	error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
1318 	error("@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @");
1319 	error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
1320 	error("IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!");
1321 	error("Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!");
1322 	error("It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.");
1323 	error("The fingerprint for the %s key sent by the remote host is\n%s.",
1324 	    sshkey_type(host_key), fp);
1325 	error("Please contact your system administrator.");
1326 
1327 	free(fp);
1328 }
1329 
1330 /*
1331  * Execute a local command
1332  */
1333 int
1334 ssh_local_cmd(const char *args)
1335 {
1336 	char *shell;
1337 	pid_t pid;
1338 	int status;
1339 	void (*osighand)(int);
1340 
1341 	if (!options.permit_local_command ||
1342 	    args == NULL || !*args)
1343 		return (1);
1344 
1345 	if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL || *shell == '\0')
1346 		shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
1347 
1348 	osighand = ssh_signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
1349 	pid = fork();
1350 	if (pid == 0) {
1351 		ssh_signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
1352 		debug3("Executing %s -c \"%s\"", shell, args);
1353 		execl(shell, shell, "-c", args, (char *)NULL);
1354 		error("Couldn't execute %s -c \"%s\": %s",
1355 		    shell, args, strerror(errno));
1356 		_exit(1);
1357 	} else if (pid == -1)
1358 		fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1359 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1)
1360 		if (errno != EINTR)
1361 			fatal("Couldn't wait for child: %s", strerror(errno));
1362 	ssh_signal(SIGCHLD, osighand);
1363 
1364 	if (!WIFEXITED(status))
1365 		return (1);
1366 
1367 	return (WEXITSTATUS(status));
1368 }
1369 
1370 void
1371 maybe_add_key_to_agent(const char *authfile, struct sshkey *private,
1372     const char *comment, const char *passphrase)
1373 {
1374 	int auth_sock = -1, r;
1375 	const char *skprovider = NULL;
1376 
1377 	if (options.add_keys_to_agent == 0)
1378 		return;
1379 
1380 	if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&auth_sock)) != 0) {
1381 		debug3("no authentication agent, not adding key");
1382 		return;
1383 	}
1384 
1385 	if (options.add_keys_to_agent == 2 &&
1386 	    !ask_permission("Add key %s (%s) to agent?", authfile, comment)) {
1387 		debug3("user denied adding this key");
1388 		close(auth_sock);
1389 		return;
1390 	}
1391 	if (sshkey_is_sk(private))
1392 		skprovider = options.sk_provider;
1393 	if ((r = ssh_add_identity_constrained(auth_sock, private,
1394 	    comment == NULL ? authfile : comment, 0,
1395 	    (options.add_keys_to_agent == 3), 0, skprovider)) == 0)
1396 		debug("identity added to agent: %s", authfile);
1397 	else
1398 		debug("could not add identity to agent: %s (%d)", authfile, r);
1399 	close(auth_sock);
1400 }
1401