xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh.c (revision 8e0c768258d4632c51876b4397034bc3152bf8db)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh.c,v 1.508 2019/10/31 21:18:28 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Ssh client program.  This program can be used to log into a remote machine.
7  * The software supports strong authentication, encryption, and forwarding
8  * of X11, TCP/IP, and authentication connections.
9  *
10  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
11  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
12  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
13  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
14  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
15  *
16  * Copyright (c) 1999 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
17  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
18  *
19  * Modified to work with SSL by Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
20  * in Canada (German citizen).
21  *
22  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
23  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
24  * are met:
25  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
27  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
29  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
30  *
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
33  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
34  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
35  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
36  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
37  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
38  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
39  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
40  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
41  */
42 
43 #include <sys/types.h>
44 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
45 #include <sys/queue.h>
46 #include <sys/resource.h>
47 #include <sys/socket.h>
48 #include <sys/stat.h>
49 #include <sys/time.h>
50 #include <sys/wait.h>
51 
52 #include <ctype.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <fcntl.h>
55 #include <netdb.h>
56 #include <paths.h>
57 #include <pwd.h>
58 #include <signal.h>
59 #include <stddef.h>
60 #include <stdio.h>
61 #include <stdlib.h>
62 #include <string.h>
63 #include <unistd.h>
64 #include <limits.h>
65 #include <locale.h>
66 
67 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
68 #include <openssl/evp.h>
69 #include <openssl/err.h>
70 #endif
71 
72 #include "xmalloc.h"
73 #include "ssh.h"
74 #include "ssh2.h"
75 #include "canohost.h"
76 #include "compat.h"
77 #include "cipher.h"
78 #include "digest.h"
79 #include "packet.h"
80 #include "sshbuf.h"
81 #include "channels.h"
82 #include "sshkey.h"
83 #include "authfd.h"
84 #include "authfile.h"
85 #include "pathnames.h"
86 #include "dispatch.h"
87 #include "clientloop.h"
88 #include "log.h"
89 #include "misc.h"
90 #include "readconf.h"
91 #include "sshconnect.h"
92 #include "kex.h"
93 #include "mac.h"
94 #include "sshpty.h"
95 #include "match.h"
96 #include "msg.h"
97 #include "version.h"
98 #include "ssherr.h"
99 #include "myproposal.h"
100 
101 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
102 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
103 #endif
104 
105 extern char *__progname;
106 
107 /* Flag indicating whether debug mode is on.  May be set on the command line. */
108 int debug_flag = 0;
109 
110 /* Flag indicating whether a tty should be requested */
111 int tty_flag = 0;
112 
113 /* don't exec a shell */
114 int no_shell_flag = 0;
115 
116 /*
117  * Flag indicating that nothing should be read from stdin.  This can be set
118  * on the command line.
119  */
120 int stdin_null_flag = 0;
121 
122 /*
123  * Flag indicating that the current process should be backgrounded and
124  * a new slave launched in the foreground for ControlPersist.
125  */
126 int need_controlpersist_detach = 0;
127 
128 /* Copies of flags for ControlPersist foreground slave */
129 int ostdin_null_flag, ono_shell_flag, otty_flag, orequest_tty;
130 
131 /*
132  * Flag indicating that ssh should fork after authentication.  This is useful
133  * so that the passphrase can be entered manually, and then ssh goes to the
134  * background.
135  */
136 int fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
137 
138 /*
139  * General data structure for command line options and options configurable
140  * in configuration files.  See readconf.h.
141  */
142 Options options;
143 
144 /* optional user configfile */
145 char *config = NULL;
146 
147 /*
148  * Name of the host we are connecting to.  This is the name given on the
149  * command line, or the Hostname specified for the user-supplied name in a
150  * configuration file.
151  */
152 char *host;
153 
154 /* Various strings used to to percent_expand() arguments */
155 static char thishost[NI_MAXHOST], shorthost[NI_MAXHOST], portstr[NI_MAXSERV];
156 static char uidstr[32], *host_arg, *conn_hash_hex;
157 
158 /* socket address the host resolves to */
159 struct sockaddr_storage hostaddr;
160 
161 /* Private host keys. */
162 Sensitive sensitive_data;
163 
164 /* command to be executed */
165 struct sshbuf *command;
166 
167 /* Should we execute a command or invoke a subsystem? */
168 int subsystem_flag = 0;
169 
170 /* # of replies received for global requests */
171 static int remote_forward_confirms_received = 0;
172 
173 /* mux.c */
174 extern int muxserver_sock;
175 extern u_int muxclient_command;
176 
177 /* Prints a help message to the user.  This function never returns. */
178 
179 static void
180 usage(void)
181 {
182 	fprintf(stderr,
183 "usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-B bind_interface]\n"
184 "           [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port]\n"
185 "           [-E log_file] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11]\n"
186 "           [-i identity_file] [-J [user@]host[:port]] [-L address]\n"
187 "           [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]\n"
188 "           [-Q query_option] [-R address] [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port]\n"
189 "           [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] destination [command]\n"
190 	);
191 	exit(255);
192 }
193 
194 static int ssh_session2(struct ssh *, struct passwd *);
195 static void load_public_identity_files(struct passwd *);
196 static void main_sigchld_handler(int);
197 
198 /* ~/ expand a list of paths. NB. assumes path[n] is heap-allocated. */
199 static void
200 tilde_expand_paths(char **paths, u_int num_paths)
201 {
202 	u_int i;
203 	char *cp;
204 
205 	for (i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
206 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(paths[i], getuid());
207 		free(paths[i]);
208 		paths[i] = cp;
209 	}
210 }
211 
212 /*
213  * Attempt to resolve a host name / port to a set of addresses and
214  * optionally return any CNAMEs encountered along the way.
215  * Returns NULL on failure.
216  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
217  */
218 static struct addrinfo *
219 resolve_host(const char *name, int port, int logerr, char *cname, size_t clen)
220 {
221 	char strport[NI_MAXSERV];
222 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
223 	int gaierr;
224 	LogLevel loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
225 
226 	if (port <= 0)
227 		port = default_ssh_port();
228 
229 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%d", port);
230 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
231 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
232 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
233 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
234 	if (cname != NULL)
235 		hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
236 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
237 		if (logerr || (gaierr != EAI_NONAME && gaierr != EAI_NODATA))
238 			loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_ERROR;
239 		do_log2(loglevel, "%s: Could not resolve hostname %.100s: %s",
240 		    __progname, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
241 		return NULL;
242 	}
243 	if (cname != NULL && res->ai_canonname != NULL) {
244 		if (strlcpy(cname, res->ai_canonname, clen) >= clen) {
245 			error("%s: host \"%s\" cname \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
246 			    __func__, name,  res->ai_canonname, (u_long)clen);
247 			if (clen > 0)
248 				*cname = '\0';
249 		}
250 	}
251 	return res;
252 }
253 
254 /* Returns non-zero if name can only be an address and not a hostname */
255 static int
256 is_addr_fast(const char *name)
257 {
258 	return (strchr(name, '%') != NULL || strchr(name, ':') != NULL ||
259 	    strspn(name, "0123456789.") == strlen(name));
260 }
261 
262 /* Returns non-zero if name represents a valid, single address */
263 static int
264 is_addr(const char *name)
265 {
266 	char strport[NI_MAXSERV];
267 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
268 
269 	if (is_addr_fast(name))
270 		return 1;
271 
272 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%u", default_ssh_port());
273 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
274 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
275 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
276 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
277 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST|AI_NUMERICSERV;
278 	if (getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res) != 0)
279 		return 0;
280 	if (res == NULL || res->ai_next != NULL) {
281 		freeaddrinfo(res);
282 		return 0;
283 	}
284 	freeaddrinfo(res);
285 	return 1;
286 }
287 
288 /*
289  * Attempt to resolve a numeric host address / port to a single address.
290  * Returns a canonical address string.
291  * Returns NULL on failure.
292  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
293  */
294 static struct addrinfo *
295 resolve_addr(const char *name, int port, char *caddr, size_t clen)
296 {
297 	char addr[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
298 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
299 	int gaierr;
300 
301 	if (port <= 0)
302 		port = default_ssh_port();
303 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%u", port);
304 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
305 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
306 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
307 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
308 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST|AI_NUMERICSERV;
309 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
310 		debug2("%s: could not resolve name %.100s as address: %s",
311 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
312 		return NULL;
313 	}
314 	if (res == NULL) {
315 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned no addresses",
316 		 __func__, name);
317 		return NULL;
318 	}
319 	if (res->ai_next != NULL) {
320 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned multiple addresses",
321 		    __func__, name);
322 		goto fail;
323 	}
324 	if ((gaierr = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
325 	    addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) != 0) {
326 		debug("%s: Could not format address for name %.100s: %s",
327 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
328 		goto fail;
329 	}
330 	if (strlcpy(caddr, addr, clen) >= clen) {
331 		error("%s: host \"%s\" addr \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
332 		    __func__, name,  addr, (u_long)clen);
333 		if (clen > 0)
334 			*caddr = '\0';
335  fail:
336 		freeaddrinfo(res);
337 		return NULL;
338 	}
339 	return res;
340 }
341 
342 /*
343  * Check whether the cname is a permitted replacement for the hostname
344  * and perform the replacement if it is.
345  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
346  */
347 static int
348 check_follow_cname(int direct, char **namep, const char *cname)
349 {
350 	int i;
351 	struct allowed_cname *rule;
352 
353 	if (*cname == '\0' || options.num_permitted_cnames == 0 ||
354 	    strcmp(*namep, cname) == 0)
355 		return 0;
356 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
357 		return 0;
358 	/*
359 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
360 	 * a proxy or jump host unless the user specifically requests so.
361 	 */
362 	if (!direct &&
363 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
364 		return 0;
365 	debug3("%s: check \"%s\" CNAME \"%s\"", __func__, *namep, cname);
366 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_permitted_cnames; i++) {
367 		rule = options.permitted_cnames + i;
368 		if (match_pattern_list(*namep, rule->source_list, 1) != 1 ||
369 		    match_pattern_list(cname, rule->target_list, 1) != 1)
370 			continue;
371 		verbose("Canonicalized DNS aliased hostname "
372 		    "\"%s\" => \"%s\"", *namep, cname);
373 		free(*namep);
374 		*namep = xstrdup(cname);
375 		return 1;
376 	}
377 	return 0;
378 }
379 
380 /*
381  * Attempt to resolve the supplied hostname after applying the user's
382  * canonicalization rules. Returns the address list for the host or NULL
383  * if no name was found after canonicalization.
384  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
385  */
386 static struct addrinfo *
387 resolve_canonicalize(char **hostp, int port)
388 {
389 	int i, direct, ndots;
390 	char *cp, *fullhost, newname[NI_MAXHOST];
391 	struct addrinfo *addrs;
392 
393 	/*
394 	 * Attempt to canonicalise addresses, regardless of
395 	 * whether hostname canonicalisation was requested
396 	 */
397 	if ((addrs = resolve_addr(*hostp, port,
398 	    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL) {
399 		debug2("%s: hostname %.100s is address", __func__, *hostp);
400 		if (strcasecmp(*hostp, newname) != 0) {
401 			debug2("%s: canonicalised address \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
402 			    __func__, *hostp, newname);
403 			free(*hostp);
404 			*hostp = xstrdup(newname);
405 		}
406 		return addrs;
407 	}
408 
409 	/*
410 	 * If this looks like an address but didn't parse as one, it might
411 	 * be an address with an invalid interface scope. Skip further
412 	 * attempts at canonicalisation.
413 	 */
414 	if (is_addr_fast(*hostp)) {
415 		debug("%s: hostname %.100s is an unrecognised address",
416 		    __func__, *hostp);
417 		return NULL;
418 	}
419 
420 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
421 		return NULL;
422 
423 	/*
424 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
425 	 * a proxy unless the user specifically requests so.
426 	 */
427 	direct = option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
428 	    options.jump_host == NULL;
429 	if (!direct &&
430 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
431 		return NULL;
432 
433 	/* If domain name is anchored, then resolve it now */
434 	if ((*hostp)[strlen(*hostp) - 1] == '.') {
435 		debug3("%s: name is fully qualified", __func__);
436 		fullhost = xstrdup(*hostp);
437 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
438 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL)
439 			goto found;
440 		free(fullhost);
441 		goto notfound;
442 	}
443 
444 	/* Don't apply canonicalization to sufficiently-qualified hostnames */
445 	ndots = 0;
446 	for (cp = *hostp; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
447 		if (*cp == '.')
448 			ndots++;
449 	}
450 	if (ndots > options.canonicalize_max_dots) {
451 		debug3("%s: not canonicalizing hostname \"%s\" (max dots %d)",
452 		    __func__, *hostp, options.canonicalize_max_dots);
453 		return NULL;
454 	}
455 	/* Attempt each supplied suffix */
456 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_canonical_domains; i++) {
457 		*newname = '\0';
458 		xasprintf(&fullhost, "%s.%s.", *hostp,
459 		    options.canonical_domains[i]);
460 		debug3("%s: attempting \"%s\" => \"%s\"", __func__,
461 		    *hostp, fullhost);
462 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
463 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) == NULL) {
464 			free(fullhost);
465 			continue;
466 		}
467  found:
468 		/* Remove trailing '.' */
469 		fullhost[strlen(fullhost) - 1] = '\0';
470 		/* Follow CNAME if requested */
471 		if (!check_follow_cname(direct, &fullhost, newname)) {
472 			debug("Canonicalized hostname \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
473 			    *hostp, fullhost);
474 		}
475 		free(*hostp);
476 		*hostp = fullhost;
477 		return addrs;
478 	}
479  notfound:
480 	if (!options.canonicalize_fallback_local)
481 		fatal("%s: Could not resolve host \"%s\"", __progname, *hostp);
482 	debug2("%s: host %s not found in any suffix", __func__, *hostp);
483 	return NULL;
484 }
485 
486 /*
487  * Check the result of hostkey loading, ignoring some errors and
488  * fatal()ing for others.
489  */
490 static void
491 check_load(int r, const char *path, const char *message)
492 {
493 	switch (r) {
494 	case 0:
495 		break;
496 	case SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR:
497 	case SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL:
498 		fatal("load %s \"%s\": %s", message, path, ssh_err(r));
499 	case SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR:
500 		/* Ignore missing files */
501 		if (errno == ENOENT)
502 			break;
503 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
504 	default:
505 		error("load %s \"%s\": %s", message, path, ssh_err(r));
506 		break;
507 	}
508 }
509 
510 /*
511  * Read per-user configuration file.  Ignore the system wide config
512  * file if the user specifies a config file on the command line.
513  */
514 static void
515 process_config_files(const char *host_name, struct passwd *pw, int final_pass,
516     int *want_final_pass)
517 {
518 	char buf[PATH_MAX];
519 	int r;
520 
521 	if (config != NULL) {
522 		if (strcasecmp(config, "none") != 0 &&
523 		    !read_config_file(config, pw, host, host_name, &options,
524 		    SSHCONF_USERCONF | (final_pass ? SSHCONF_FINAL : 0),
525 		    want_final_pass))
526 			fatal("Can't open user config file %.100s: "
527 			    "%.100s", config, strerror(errno));
528 	} else {
529 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir,
530 		    _PATH_SSH_USER_CONFFILE);
531 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf))
532 			(void)read_config_file(buf, pw, host, host_name,
533 			    &options, SSHCONF_CHECKPERM | SSHCONF_USERCONF |
534 			    (final_pass ? SSHCONF_FINAL : 0), want_final_pass);
535 
536 		/* Read systemwide configuration file after user config. */
537 		(void)read_config_file(_PATH_HOST_CONFIG_FILE, pw,
538 		    host, host_name, &options,
539 		    final_pass ? SSHCONF_FINAL : 0, want_final_pass);
540 	}
541 }
542 
543 /* Rewrite the port number in an addrinfo list of addresses */
544 static void
545 set_addrinfo_port(struct addrinfo *addrs, int port)
546 {
547 	struct addrinfo *addr;
548 
549 	for (addr = addrs; addr != NULL; addr = addr->ai_next) {
550 		switch (addr->ai_family) {
551 		case AF_INET:
552 			((struct sockaddr_in *)addr->ai_addr)->
553 			    sin_port = htons(port);
554 			break;
555 		case AF_INET6:
556 			((struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr->ai_addr)->
557 			    sin6_port = htons(port);
558 			break;
559 		}
560 	}
561 }
562 
563 /*
564  * Main program for the ssh client.
565  */
566 int
567 main(int ac, char **av)
568 {
569 	struct ssh *ssh = NULL;
570 	int i, r, opt, exit_status, use_syslog, direct, timeout_ms;
571 	int was_addr, config_test = 0, opt_terminated = 0, want_final_pass = 0;
572 	char *p, *cp, *line, *argv0, buf[PATH_MAX], *logfile;
573 	char cname[NI_MAXHOST];
574 	struct stat st;
575 	struct passwd *pw;
576 	extern int optind, optreset;
577 	extern char *optarg;
578 	struct Forward fwd;
579 	struct addrinfo *addrs = NULL;
580 	struct ssh_digest_ctx *md;
581 	u_char conn_hash[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
582 
583 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
584 	sanitise_stdfd();
585 
586 	/*
587 	 * Discard other fds that are hanging around. These can cause problem
588 	 * with backgrounded ssh processes started by ControlPersist.
589 	 */
590 	closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
591 
592 	if (getuid() != geteuid())
593 		fatal("ssh setuid not supported.");
594 	if (getgid() != getegid())
595 		fatal("ssh setgid not supported.");
596 
597 	/* Get user data. */
598 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
599 	if (!pw) {
600 		logit("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
601 		exit(255);
602 	}
603 	/* Take a copy of the returned structure. */
604 	pw = pwcopy(pw);
605 
606 	/*
607 	 * Set our umask to something reasonable, as some files are created
608 	 * with the default umask.  This will make them world-readable but
609 	 * writable only by the owner, which is ok for all files for which we
610 	 * don't set the modes explicitly.
611 	 */
612 	umask(022);
613 
614 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
615 
616 	/*
617 	 * Initialize option structure to indicate that no values have been
618 	 * set.
619 	 */
620 	initialize_options(&options);
621 
622 	/*
623 	 * Prepare main ssh transport/connection structures
624 	 */
625 	if ((ssh = ssh_alloc_session_state()) == NULL)
626 		fatal("Couldn't allocate session state");
627 	channel_init_channels(ssh);
628 
629 	/* Parse command-line arguments. */
630 	host = NULL;
631 	use_syslog = 0;
632 	logfile = NULL;
633 	argv0 = av[0];
634 
635  again:
636 	while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "1246ab:c:e:fgi:kl:m:no:p:qstvx"
637 	    "AB:CD:E:F:GI:J:KL:MNO:PQ:R:S:TVw:W:XYy")) != -1) {
638 		switch (opt) {
639 		case '1':
640 			fatal("SSH protocol v.1 is no longer supported");
641 			break;
642 		case '2':
643 			/* Ignored */
644 			break;
645 		case '4':
646 			options.address_family = AF_INET;
647 			break;
648 		case '6':
649 			options.address_family = AF_INET6;
650 			break;
651 		case 'n':
652 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
653 			break;
654 		case 'f':
655 			fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
656 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
657 			break;
658 		case 'x':
659 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
660 			break;
661 		case 'X':
662 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
663 			break;
664 		case 'y':
665 			use_syslog = 1;
666 			break;
667 		case 'E':
668 			logfile = optarg;
669 			break;
670 		case 'G':
671 			config_test = 1;
672 			break;
673 		case 'Y':
674 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
675 			options.forward_x11_trusted = 1;
676 			break;
677 		case 'g':
678 			options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports = 1;
679 			break;
680 		case 'O':
681 			if (options.stdio_forward_host != NULL)
682 				fatal("Cannot specify multiplexing "
683 				    "command with -W");
684 			else if (muxclient_command != 0)
685 				fatal("Multiplexing command already specified");
686 			if (strcmp(optarg, "check") == 0)
687 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_ALIVE_CHECK;
688 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "forward") == 0)
689 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_FORWARD;
690 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "exit") == 0)
691 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_TERMINATE;
692 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "stop") == 0)
693 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_STOP;
694 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cancel") == 0)
695 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_CANCEL_FWD;
696 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "proxy") == 0)
697 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_PROXY;
698 			else
699 				fatal("Invalid multiplex command.");
700 			break;
701 		case 'P':	/* deprecated */
702 			break;
703 		case 'Q':
704 			cp = NULL;
705 			if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher") == 0)
706 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 0);
707 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher-auth") == 0)
708 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 1);
709 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "mac") == 0)
710 				cp = mac_alg_list('\n');
711 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "kex") == 0)
712 				cp = kex_alg_list('\n');
713 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key") == 0)
714 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(0, 0, 0, '\n');
715 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-cert") == 0)
716 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(1, 0, 0, '\n');
717 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-plain") == 0)
718 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(0, 1, 0, '\n');
719 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "sig") == 0)
720 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(0, 1, 1, '\n');
721 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "protocol-version") == 0)
722 				cp = xstrdup("2");
723 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "help") == 0) {
724 				cp = xstrdup(
725 				    "cipher\ncipher-auth\nkex\nkey\n"
726 				    "key-cert\nkey-plain\nmac\n"
727 				    "protocol-version\nsig");
728 			}
729 			if (cp == NULL)
730 				fatal("Unsupported query \"%s\"", optarg);
731 			printf("%s\n", cp);
732 			free(cp);
733 			exit(0);
734 			break;
735 		case 'a':
736 			options.forward_agent = 0;
737 			break;
738 		case 'A':
739 			options.forward_agent = 1;
740 			break;
741 		case 'k':
742 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 0;
743 			break;
744 		case 'K':
745 			options.gss_authentication = 1;
746 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 1;
747 			break;
748 		case 'i':
749 			p = tilde_expand_filename(optarg, getuid());
750 			if (stat(p, &st) == -1)
751 				fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Identity file %s "
752 				    "not accessible: %s.\n", p,
753 				    strerror(errno));
754 			else
755 				add_identity_file(&options, NULL, p, 1);
756 			free(p);
757 			break;
758 		case 'I':
759 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
760 			free(options.pkcs11_provider);
761 			options.pkcs11_provider = xstrdup(optarg);
762 #else
763 			fprintf(stderr, "no support for PKCS#11.\n");
764 #endif
765 			break;
766 		case 'J':
767 			if (options.jump_host != NULL) {
768 				fatal("Only a single -J option is permitted "
769 				    "(use commas to separate multiple "
770 				    "jump hops)");
771 			}
772 			if (options.proxy_command != NULL)
773 				fatal("Cannot specify -J with ProxyCommand");
774 			if (parse_jump(optarg, &options, 1) == -1)
775 				fatal("Invalid -J argument");
776 			options.proxy_command = xstrdup("none");
777 			break;
778 		case 't':
779 			if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES)
780 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_FORCE;
781 			else
782 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_YES;
783 			break;
784 		case 'v':
785 			if (debug_flag == 0) {
786 				debug_flag = 1;
787 				options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
788 			} else {
789 				if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3) {
790 					debug_flag++;
791 					options.log_level++;
792 				}
793 			}
794 			break;
795 		case 'V':
796 			fprintf(stderr, "%s, %s\n",
797 			    SSH_VERSION,
798 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
799 			    OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION)
800 #else
801 			    "without OpenSSL"
802 #endif
803 			);
804 			if (opt == 'V')
805 				exit(0);
806 			break;
807 		case 'w':
808 			if (options.tun_open == -1)
809 				options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_DEFAULT;
810 			options.tun_local = a2tun(optarg, &options.tun_remote);
811 			if (options.tun_local == SSH_TUNID_ERR) {
812 				fprintf(stderr,
813 				    "Bad tun device '%s'\n", optarg);
814 				exit(255);
815 			}
816 			break;
817 		case 'W':
818 			if (options.stdio_forward_host != NULL)
819 				fatal("stdio forward already specified");
820 			if (muxclient_command != 0)
821 				fatal("Cannot specify stdio forward with -O");
822 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
823 				options.stdio_forward_host = fwd.listen_host;
824 				options.stdio_forward_port = fwd.listen_port;
825 				free(fwd.connect_host);
826 			} else {
827 				fprintf(stderr,
828 				    "Bad stdio forwarding specification '%s'\n",
829 				    optarg);
830 				exit(255);
831 			}
832 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
833 			no_shell_flag = 1;
834 			break;
835 		case 'q':
836 			options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
837 			break;
838 		case 'e':
839 			if (optarg[0] == '^' && optarg[2] == 0 &&
840 			    (u_char) optarg[1] >= 64 &&
841 			    (u_char) optarg[1] < 128)
842 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[1] & 31;
843 			else if (strlen(optarg) == 1)
844 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[0];
845 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0)
846 				options.escape_char = SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE;
847 			else {
848 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad escape character '%s'.\n",
849 				    optarg);
850 				exit(255);
851 			}
852 			break;
853 		case 'c':
854 			if (!ciphers_valid(*optarg == '+' || *optarg == '^' ?
855 			    optarg + 1 : optarg)) {
856 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown cipher type '%s'\n",
857 				    optarg);
858 				exit(255);
859 			}
860 			free(options.ciphers);
861 			options.ciphers = xstrdup(optarg);
862 			break;
863 		case 'm':
864 			if (mac_valid(optarg)) {
865 				free(options.macs);
866 				options.macs = xstrdup(optarg);
867 			} else {
868 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown mac type '%s'\n",
869 				    optarg);
870 				exit(255);
871 			}
872 			break;
873 		case 'M':
874 			if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_YES)
875 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_ASK;
876 			else
877 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_YES;
878 			break;
879 		case 'p':
880 			if (options.port == -1) {
881 				options.port = a2port(optarg);
882 				if (options.port <= 0) {
883 					fprintf(stderr, "Bad port '%s'\n",
884 					    optarg);
885 					exit(255);
886 				}
887 			}
888 			break;
889 		case 'l':
890 			if (options.user == NULL)
891 				options.user = optarg;
892 			break;
893 
894 		case 'L':
895 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 0))
896 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
897 			else {
898 				fprintf(stderr,
899 				    "Bad local forwarding specification '%s'\n",
900 				    optarg);
901 				exit(255);
902 			}
903 			break;
904 
905 		case 'R':
906 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 1) ||
907 			    parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 1)) {
908 				add_remote_forward(&options, &fwd);
909 			} else {
910 				fprintf(stderr,
911 				    "Bad remote forwarding specification "
912 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
913 				exit(255);
914 			}
915 			break;
916 
917 		case 'D':
918 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
919 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
920 			} else {
921 				fprintf(stderr,
922 				    "Bad dynamic forwarding specification "
923 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
924 				exit(255);
925 			}
926 			break;
927 
928 		case 'C':
929 			options.compression = 1;
930 			break;
931 		case 'N':
932 			no_shell_flag = 1;
933 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
934 			break;
935 		case 'T':
936 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
937 			break;
938 		case 'o':
939 			line = xstrdup(optarg);
940 			if (process_config_line(&options, pw,
941 			    host ? host : "", host ? host : "", line,
942 			    "command-line", 0, NULL, SSHCONF_USERCONF) != 0)
943 				exit(255);
944 			free(line);
945 			break;
946 		case 's':
947 			subsystem_flag = 1;
948 			break;
949 		case 'S':
950 			free(options.control_path);
951 			options.control_path = xstrdup(optarg);
952 			break;
953 		case 'b':
954 			options.bind_address = optarg;
955 			break;
956 		case 'B':
957 			options.bind_interface = optarg;
958 			break;
959 		case 'F':
960 			config = optarg;
961 			break;
962 		default:
963 			usage();
964 		}
965 	}
966 
967 	if (optind > 1 && strcmp(av[optind - 1], "--") == 0)
968 		opt_terminated = 1;
969 
970 	ac -= optind;
971 	av += optind;
972 
973 	if (ac > 0 && !host) {
974 		int tport;
975 		char *tuser;
976 		switch (parse_ssh_uri(*av, &tuser, &host, &tport)) {
977 		case -1:
978 			usage();
979 			break;
980 		case 0:
981 			if (options.user == NULL) {
982 				options.user = tuser;
983 				tuser = NULL;
984 			}
985 			free(tuser);
986 			if (options.port == -1 && tport != -1)
987 				options.port = tport;
988 			break;
989 		default:
990 			p = xstrdup(*av);
991 			cp = strrchr(p, '@');
992 			if (cp != NULL) {
993 				if (cp == p)
994 					usage();
995 				if (options.user == NULL) {
996 					options.user = p;
997 					p = NULL;
998 				}
999 				*cp++ = '\0';
1000 				host = xstrdup(cp);
1001 				free(p);
1002 			} else
1003 				host = p;
1004 			break;
1005 		}
1006 		if (ac > 1 && !opt_terminated) {
1007 			optind = optreset = 1;
1008 			goto again;
1009 		}
1010 		ac--, av++;
1011 	}
1012 
1013 	/* Check that we got a host name. */
1014 	if (!host)
1015 		usage();
1016 
1017 	host_arg = xstrdup(host);
1018 
1019 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1020 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
1021 	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
1022 #endif
1023 
1024 	/* Initialize the command to execute on remote host. */
1025 	if ((command = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1026 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
1027 
1028 	/*
1029 	 * Save the command to execute on the remote host in a buffer. There
1030 	 * is no limit on the length of the command, except by the maximum
1031 	 * packet size.  Also sets the tty flag if there is no command.
1032 	 */
1033 	if (!ac) {
1034 		/* No command specified - execute shell on a tty. */
1035 		if (subsystem_flag) {
1036 			fprintf(stderr,
1037 			    "You must specify a subsystem to invoke.\n");
1038 			usage();
1039 		}
1040 	} else {
1041 		/* A command has been specified.  Store it into the buffer. */
1042 		for (i = 0; i < ac; i++) {
1043 			if ((r = sshbuf_putf(command, "%s%s",
1044 			    i ? " " : "", av[i])) != 0)
1045 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1046 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1047 		}
1048 	}
1049 
1050 	/*
1051 	 * Initialize "log" output.  Since we are the client all output
1052 	 * goes to stderr unless otherwise specified by -y or -E.
1053 	 */
1054 	if (use_syslog && logfile != NULL)
1055 		fatal("Can't specify both -y and -E");
1056 	if (logfile != NULL)
1057 		log_redirect_stderr_to(logfile);
1058 	log_init(argv0,
1059 	    options.log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_NOT_SET ?
1060 	    SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
1061 	    options.log_facility == SYSLOG_FACILITY_NOT_SET ?
1062 	    SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER : options.log_facility,
1063 	    !use_syslog);
1064 
1065 	if (debug_flag)
1066 		logit("%s, %s", SSH_VERSION,
1067 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1068 		    OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION)
1069 #else
1070 		    "without OpenSSL"
1071 #endif
1072 		);
1073 
1074 	/* Parse the configuration files */
1075 	process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 0, &want_final_pass);
1076 	if (want_final_pass)
1077 		debug("configuration requests final Match pass");
1078 
1079 	/* Hostname canonicalisation needs a few options filled. */
1080 	fill_default_options_for_canonicalization(&options);
1081 
1082 	/* If the user has replaced the hostname then take it into use now */
1083 	if (options.hostname != NULL) {
1084 		/* NB. Please keep in sync with readconf.c:match_cfg_line() */
1085 		cp = percent_expand(options.hostname,
1086 		    "h", host, (char *)NULL);
1087 		free(host);
1088 		host = cp;
1089 		free(options.hostname);
1090 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
1091 	}
1092 
1093 	/* Don't lowercase addresses, they will be explicitly canonicalised */
1094 	if ((was_addr = is_addr(host)) == 0)
1095 		lowercase(host);
1096 
1097 	/*
1098 	 * Try to canonicalize if requested by configuration or the
1099 	 * hostname is an address.
1100 	 */
1101 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_NO || was_addr)
1102 		addrs = resolve_canonicalize(&host, options.port);
1103 
1104 	/*
1105 	 * If CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs have been specified but
1106 	 * other canonicalization did not happen (by not being requested
1107 	 * or by failing with fallback) then the hostname may still be changed
1108 	 * as a result of CNAME following.
1109 	 *
1110 	 * Try to resolve the bare hostname name using the system resolver's
1111 	 * usual search rules and then apply the CNAME follow rules.
1112 	 *
1113 	 * Skip the lookup if a ProxyCommand is being used unless the user
1114 	 * has specifically requested canonicalisation for this case via
1115 	 * CanonicalizeHostname=always
1116 	 */
1117 	direct = option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
1118 	    options.jump_host == NULL;
1119 	if (addrs == NULL && options.num_permitted_cnames != 0 && (direct ||
1120 	    options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)) {
1121 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port,
1122 		    direct, cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL) {
1123 			/* Don't fatal proxied host names not in the DNS */
1124 			if (direct)
1125 				cleanup_exit(255); /* logged in resolve_host */
1126 		} else
1127 			check_follow_cname(direct, &host, cname);
1128 	}
1129 
1130 	/*
1131 	 * If canonicalisation is enabled then re-parse the configuration
1132 	 * files as new stanzas may match.
1133 	 */
1134 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != 0 && !want_final_pass) {
1135 		debug("hostname canonicalisation enabled, "
1136 		    "will re-parse configuration");
1137 		want_final_pass = 1;
1138 	}
1139 
1140 	if (want_final_pass) {
1141 		debug("re-parsing configuration");
1142 		free(options.hostname);
1143 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
1144 		process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 1, NULL);
1145 		/*
1146 		 * Address resolution happens early with canonicalisation
1147 		 * enabled and the port number may have changed since, so
1148 		 * reset it in address list
1149 		 */
1150 		if (addrs != NULL && options.port > 0)
1151 			set_addrinfo_port(addrs, options.port);
1152 	}
1153 
1154 	/* Fill configuration defaults. */
1155 	fill_default_options(&options);
1156 
1157 	/*
1158 	 * If ProxyJump option specified, then construct a ProxyCommand now.
1159 	 */
1160 	if (options.jump_host != NULL) {
1161 		char port_s[8];
1162 		const char *sshbin = argv0;
1163 
1164 		/*
1165 		 * Try to use SSH indicated by argv[0], but fall back to
1166 		 * "ssh" if it appears unavailable.
1167 		 */
1168 		if (strchr(argv0, '/') != NULL && access(argv0, X_OK) != 0)
1169 			sshbin = "ssh";
1170 
1171 		/* Consistency check */
1172 		if (options.proxy_command != NULL)
1173 			fatal("inconsistent options: ProxyCommand+ProxyJump");
1174 		/* Never use FD passing for ProxyJump */
1175 		options.proxy_use_fdpass = 0;
1176 		snprintf(port_s, sizeof(port_s), "%d", options.jump_port);
1177 		xasprintf(&options.proxy_command,
1178 		    "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%.*s -W '[%%h]:%%p' %s",
1179 		    sshbin,
1180 		    /* Optional "-l user" argument if jump_user set */
1181 		    options.jump_user == NULL ? "" : " -l ",
1182 		    options.jump_user == NULL ? "" : options.jump_user,
1183 		    /* Optional "-p port" argument if jump_port set */
1184 		    options.jump_port <= 0 ? "" : " -p ",
1185 		    options.jump_port <= 0 ? "" : port_s,
1186 		    /* Optional additional jump hosts ",..." */
1187 		    options.jump_extra == NULL ? "" : " -J ",
1188 		    options.jump_extra == NULL ? "" : options.jump_extra,
1189 		    /* Optional "-F" argumment if -F specified */
1190 		    config == NULL ? "" : " -F ",
1191 		    config == NULL ? "" : config,
1192 		    /* Optional "-v" arguments if -v set */
1193 		    debug_flag ? " -" : "",
1194 		    debug_flag, "vvv",
1195 		    /* Mandatory hostname */
1196 		    options.jump_host);
1197 		debug("Setting implicit ProxyCommand from ProxyJump: %s",
1198 		    options.proxy_command);
1199 	}
1200 
1201 	if (options.port == 0)
1202 		options.port = default_ssh_port();
1203 	channel_set_af(ssh, options.address_family);
1204 
1205 	/* Tidy and check options */
1206 	if (options.host_key_alias != NULL)
1207 		lowercase(options.host_key_alias);
1208 	if (options.proxy_command != NULL &&
1209 	    strcmp(options.proxy_command, "-") == 0 &&
1210 	    options.proxy_use_fdpass)
1211 		fatal("ProxyCommand=- and ProxyUseFDPass are incompatible");
1212 	if (options.control_persist &&
1213 	    options.update_hostkeys == SSH_UPDATE_HOSTKEYS_ASK) {
1214 		debug("UpdateHostKeys=ask is incompatible with ControlPersist; "
1215 		    "disabling");
1216 		options.update_hostkeys = 0;
1217 	}
1218 	if (options.connection_attempts <= 0)
1219 		fatal("Invalid number of ConnectionAttempts");
1220 
1221 	if (sshbuf_len(command) != 0 && options.remote_command != NULL)
1222 		fatal("Cannot execute command-line and remote command.");
1223 
1224 	/* Cannot fork to background if no command. */
1225 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag && sshbuf_len(command) == 0 &&
1226 	    options.remote_command == NULL && !no_shell_flag)
1227 		fatal("Cannot fork into background without a command "
1228 		    "to execute.");
1229 
1230 	/* reinit */
1231 	log_init(argv0, options.log_level, options.log_facility, !use_syslog);
1232 
1233 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES ||
1234 	    options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_FORCE)
1235 		tty_flag = 1;
1236 
1237 	/* Allocate a tty by default if no command specified. */
1238 	if (sshbuf_len(command) == 0 && options.remote_command == NULL)
1239 		tty_flag = options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_NO;
1240 
1241 	/* Force no tty */
1242 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_NO ||
1243 	    (muxclient_command && muxclient_command != SSHMUX_COMMAND_PROXY))
1244 		tty_flag = 0;
1245 	/* Do not allocate a tty if stdin is not a tty. */
1246 	if ((!isatty(fileno(stdin)) || stdin_null_flag) &&
1247 	    options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_FORCE) {
1248 		if (tty_flag)
1249 			logit("Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because "
1250 			    "stdin is not a terminal.");
1251 		tty_flag = 0;
1252 	}
1253 
1254 	if (options.user == NULL)
1255 		options.user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1256 
1257 	/* Set up strings used to percent_expand() arguments */
1258 	if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
1259 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
1260 	strlcpy(shorthost, thishost, sizeof(shorthost));
1261 	shorthost[strcspn(thishost, ".")] = '\0';
1262 	snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%d", options.port);
1263 	snprintf(uidstr, sizeof(uidstr), "%llu",
1264 	    (unsigned long long)pw->pw_uid);
1265 
1266 	if ((md = ssh_digest_start(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1)) == NULL ||
1267 	    ssh_digest_update(md, thishost, strlen(thishost)) < 0 ||
1268 	    ssh_digest_update(md, host, strlen(host)) < 0 ||
1269 	    ssh_digest_update(md, portstr, strlen(portstr)) < 0 ||
1270 	    ssh_digest_update(md, options.user, strlen(options.user)) < 0 ||
1271 	    ssh_digest_final(md, conn_hash, sizeof(conn_hash)) < 0)
1272 		fatal("%s: mux digest failed", __func__);
1273 	ssh_digest_free(md);
1274 	conn_hash_hex = tohex(conn_hash, ssh_digest_bytes(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1));
1275 
1276 	/*
1277 	 * Expand tokens in arguments. NB. LocalCommand is expanded later,
1278 	 * after port-forwarding is set up, so it may pick up any local
1279 	 * tunnel interface name allocated.
1280 	 */
1281 	if (options.remote_command != NULL) {
1282 		debug3("expanding RemoteCommand: %s", options.remote_command);
1283 		cp = options.remote_command;
1284 		options.remote_command = percent_expand(cp,
1285 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1286 		    "L", shorthost,
1287 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1288 		    "h", host,
1289 		    "i", uidstr,
1290 		    "l", thishost,
1291 		    "n", host_arg,
1292 		    "p", portstr,
1293 		    "r", options.user,
1294 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1295 		    (char *)NULL);
1296 		debug3("expanded RemoteCommand: %s", options.remote_command);
1297 		free(cp);
1298 		if ((r = sshbuf_put(command, options.remote_command,
1299 		    strlen(options.remote_command))) != 0)
1300 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1301 	}
1302 
1303 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
1304 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.control_path, getuid());
1305 		free(options.control_path);
1306 		options.control_path = percent_expand(cp,
1307 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1308 		    "L", shorthost,
1309 		    "h", host,
1310 		    "i", uidstr,
1311 		    "l", thishost,
1312 		    "n", host_arg,
1313 		    "p", portstr,
1314 		    "r", options.user,
1315 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1316 		    "i", uidstr,
1317 		    (char *)NULL);
1318 		free(cp);
1319 	}
1320 
1321 	if (config_test) {
1322 		dump_client_config(&options, host);
1323 		exit(0);
1324 	}
1325 
1326 	/* Expand SecurityKeyProvider if it refers to an environment variable */
1327 	if (options.sk_provider != NULL && *options.sk_provider == '$' &&
1328 	    strlen(options.sk_provider) > 1) {
1329 		if ((cp = getenv(options.sk_provider + 1)) == NULL) {
1330 			debug("Security key provider %s did not resolve; "
1331 			    "disabling", options.sk_provider);
1332 			free(options.sk_provider);
1333 			options.sk_provider = NULL;
1334 		} else {
1335 			debug2("resolved SecurityKeyProvider %s => %s",
1336 			    options.sk_provider, cp);
1337 			free(options.sk_provider);
1338 			options.sk_provider = xstrdup(cp);
1339 		}
1340 	}
1341 
1342 	if (muxclient_command != 0 && options.control_path == NULL)
1343 		fatal("No ControlPath specified for \"-O\" command");
1344 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
1345 		int sock;
1346 		if ((sock = muxclient(options.control_path)) >= 0) {
1347 			ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock);
1348 			ssh_packet_set_mux(ssh);
1349 			goto skip_connect;
1350 		}
1351 	}
1352 
1353 	/*
1354 	 * If hostname canonicalisation was not enabled, then we may not
1355 	 * have yet resolved the hostname. Do so now.
1356 	 */
1357 	if (addrs == NULL && options.proxy_command == NULL) {
1358 		debug2("resolving \"%s\" port %d", host, options.port);
1359 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port, 1,
1360 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL)
1361 			cleanup_exit(255); /* resolve_host logs the error */
1362 	}
1363 
1364 	timeout_ms = options.connection_timeout * 1000;
1365 
1366 	/* Open a connection to the remote host. */
1367 	if (ssh_connect(ssh, host_arg, host, addrs, &hostaddr, options.port,
1368 	    options.address_family, options.connection_attempts,
1369 	    &timeout_ms, options.tcp_keep_alive) != 0)
1370 		exit(255);
1371 
1372 	if (addrs != NULL)
1373 		freeaddrinfo(addrs);
1374 
1375 	ssh_packet_set_timeout(ssh, options.server_alive_interval,
1376 	    options.server_alive_count_max);
1377 
1378 	if (timeout_ms > 0)
1379 		debug3("timeout: %d ms remain after connect", timeout_ms);
1380 
1381 	/*
1382 	 * If we successfully made the connection and we have hostbased auth
1383 	 * enabled, load the public keys so we can later use the ssh-keysign
1384 	 * helper to sign challenges.
1385 	 */
1386 	sensitive_data.nkeys = 0;
1387 	sensitive_data.keys = NULL;
1388 	if (options.hostbased_authentication) {
1389 		sensitive_data.nkeys = 10;
1390 		sensitive_data.keys = xcalloc(sensitive_data.nkeys,
1391 		    sizeof(struct sshkey));
1392 
1393 		/* XXX check errors? */
1394 #define L_PUBKEY(p,o) do { \
1395 	if ((o) >= sensitive_data.nkeys) \
1396 		fatal("%s pubkey out of array bounds", __func__); \
1397 	check_load(sshkey_load_public(p, &(sensitive_data.keys[o]), NULL), \
1398 	    p, "pubkey"); \
1399 } while (0)
1400 #define L_CERT(p,o) do { \
1401 	if ((o) >= sensitive_data.nkeys) \
1402 		fatal("%s cert out of array bounds", __func__); \
1403 	check_load(sshkey_load_cert(p, &(sensitive_data.keys[o])), p, "cert"); \
1404 } while (0)
1405 
1406 		if (options.hostbased_authentication == 1) {
1407 			L_CERT(_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, 0);
1408 			L_CERT(_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, 1);
1409 			L_CERT(_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, 2);
1410 			L_CERT(_PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, 3);
1411 			L_PUBKEY(_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, 4);
1412 			L_PUBKEY(_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, 5);
1413 			L_PUBKEY(_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, 6);
1414 			L_PUBKEY(_PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, 7);
1415 			L_CERT(_PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE, 8);
1416 			L_PUBKEY(_PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE, 9);
1417 		}
1418 	}
1419 
1420 	/* Create ~/.ssh * directory if it doesn't already exist. */
1421 	if (config == NULL) {
1422 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir,
1423 		    strcmp(pw->pw_dir, "/") ? "/" : "", _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
1424 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf) && stat(buf, &st) == -1)
1425 			if (mkdir(buf, 0700) == -1)
1426 				error("Could not create directory '%.200s'.",
1427 				    buf);
1428 	}
1429 
1430 	/* load options.identity_files */
1431 	load_public_identity_files(pw);
1432 
1433 	/* optionally set the SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME variable */
1434 	if (options.identity_agent &&
1435 	    strcmp(options.identity_agent, SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME) != 0) {
1436 		if (strcmp(options.identity_agent, "none") == 0) {
1437 			unsetenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME);
1438 		} else {
1439 			p = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_agent,
1440 			    getuid());
1441 			cp = percent_expand(p,
1442 			    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1443 			    "h", host,
1444 			    "i", uidstr,
1445 			    "l", thishost,
1446 			    "r", options.user,
1447 			    "u", pw->pw_name,
1448 			    (char *)NULL);
1449 			free(p);
1450 			/*
1451 			 * If identity_agent represents an environment variable
1452 			 * then recheck that it is valid (since processing with
1453 			 * percent_expand() may have changed it) and substitute
1454 			 * its value.
1455 			 */
1456 			if (cp[0] == '$') {
1457 				if (!valid_env_name(cp + 1)) {
1458 					fatal("Invalid IdentityAgent "
1459 					    "environment variable name %s", cp);
1460 				}
1461 				if ((p = getenv(cp + 1)) == NULL)
1462 					unsetenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME);
1463 				else
1464 					setenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME, p, 1);
1465 			} else {
1466 				/* identity_agent specifies a path directly */
1467 				setenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME, cp, 1);
1468 			}
1469 			free(cp);
1470 		}
1471 	}
1472 
1473 	/* Expand ~ in known host file names. */
1474 	tilde_expand_paths(options.system_hostfiles,
1475 	    options.num_system_hostfiles);
1476 	tilde_expand_paths(options.user_hostfiles, options.num_user_hostfiles);
1477 
1478 	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); /* ignore SIGPIPE early */
1479 	signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
1480 
1481 	/* Log into the remote system.  Never returns if the login fails. */
1482 	ssh_login(ssh, &sensitive_data, host, (struct sockaddr *)&hostaddr,
1483 	    options.port, pw, timeout_ms);
1484 
1485 	if (ssh_packet_connection_is_on_socket(ssh)) {
1486 		verbose("Authenticated to %s ([%s]:%d).", host,
1487 		    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
1488 	} else {
1489 		verbose("Authenticated to %s (via proxy).", host);
1490 	}
1491 
1492 	/* We no longer need the private host keys.  Clear them now. */
1493 	if (sensitive_data.nkeys != 0) {
1494 		for (i = 0; i < sensitive_data.nkeys; i++) {
1495 			if (sensitive_data.keys[i] != NULL) {
1496 				/* Destroys contents safely */
1497 				debug3("clear hostkey %d", i);
1498 				sshkey_free(sensitive_data.keys[i]);
1499 				sensitive_data.keys[i] = NULL;
1500 			}
1501 		}
1502 		free(sensitive_data.keys);
1503 	}
1504 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1505 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
1506 		options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1507 		if (options.identity_keys[i]) {
1508 			sshkey_free(options.identity_keys[i]);
1509 			options.identity_keys[i] = NULL;
1510 		}
1511 	}
1512 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
1513 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
1514 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
1515 	}
1516 
1517  skip_connect:
1518 	exit_status = ssh_session2(ssh, pw);
1519 	ssh_packet_close(ssh);
1520 
1521 	if (options.control_path != NULL && muxserver_sock != -1)
1522 		unlink(options.control_path);
1523 
1524 	/* Kill ProxyCommand if it is running. */
1525 	ssh_kill_proxy_command();
1526 
1527 	return exit_status;
1528 }
1529 
1530 static void
1531 control_persist_detach(void)
1532 {
1533 	pid_t pid;
1534 	int devnull, keep_stderr;
1535 
1536 	debug("%s: backgrounding master process", __func__);
1537 
1538 	/*
1539 	 * master (current process) into the background, and make the
1540 	 * foreground process a client of the backgrounded master.
1541 	 */
1542 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1543 	case -1:
1544 		fatal("%s: fork: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1545 	case 0:
1546 		/* Child: master process continues mainloop */
1547 		break;
1548 	default:
1549 		/* Parent: set up mux slave to connect to backgrounded master */
1550 		debug2("%s: background process is %ld", __func__, (long)pid);
1551 		stdin_null_flag = ostdin_null_flag;
1552 		options.request_tty = orequest_tty;
1553 		tty_flag = otty_flag;
1554 		close(muxserver_sock);
1555 		muxserver_sock = -1;
1556 		options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_NO;
1557 		muxclient(options.control_path);
1558 		/* muxclient() doesn't return on success. */
1559 		fatal("Failed to connect to new control master");
1560 	}
1561 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1562 		error("%s: open(\"/dev/null\"): %s", __func__,
1563 		    strerror(errno));
1564 	} else {
1565 		keep_stderr = log_is_on_stderr() && debug_flag;
1566 		if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1 ||
1567 		    dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1 ||
1568 		    (!keep_stderr && dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1))
1569 			error("%s: dup2: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1570 		if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
1571 			close(devnull);
1572 	}
1573 	daemon(1, 1);
1574 	setproctitle("%s [mux]", options.control_path);
1575 }
1576 
1577 /* Do fork() after authentication. Used by "ssh -f" */
1578 static void
1579 fork_postauth(void)
1580 {
1581 	if (need_controlpersist_detach)
1582 		control_persist_detach();
1583 	debug("forking to background");
1584 	fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
1585 	if (daemon(1, 1) == -1)
1586 		fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
1587 }
1588 
1589 /* Callback for remote forward global requests */
1590 static void
1591 ssh_confirm_remote_forward(struct ssh *ssh, int type, u_int32_t seq, void *ctxt)
1592 {
1593 	struct Forward *rfwd = (struct Forward *)ctxt;
1594 	u_int port;
1595 	int r;
1596 
1597 	/* XXX verbose() on failure? */
1598 	debug("remote forward %s for: listen %s%s%d, connect %s:%d",
1599 	    type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS ? "success" : "failure",
1600 	    rfwd->listen_path ? rfwd->listen_path :
1601 	    rfwd->listen_host ? rfwd->listen_host : "",
1602 	    (rfwd->listen_path || rfwd->listen_host) ? ":" : "",
1603 	    rfwd->listen_port, rfwd->connect_path ? rfwd->connect_path :
1604 	    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1605 	if (rfwd->listen_path == NULL && rfwd->listen_port == 0) {
1606 		if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS) {
1607 			if ((r = sshpkt_get_u32(ssh, &port)) != 0)
1608 				fatal("%s: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1609 			if (port > 65535) {
1610 				error("Invalid allocated port %u for remote "
1611 				    "forward to %s:%d", port,
1612 				    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1613 				/* Ensure failure processing runs below */
1614 				type = SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE;
1615 				channel_update_permission(ssh,
1616 				    rfwd->handle, -1);
1617 			} else {
1618 				rfwd->allocated_port = (int)port;
1619 				logit("Allocated port %u for remote "
1620 				    "forward to %s:%d",
1621 				    rfwd->allocated_port, rfwd->connect_host,
1622 				    rfwd->connect_port);
1623 				channel_update_permission(ssh,
1624 				    rfwd->handle, rfwd->allocated_port);
1625 			}
1626 		} else {
1627 			channel_update_permission(ssh, rfwd->handle, -1);
1628 		}
1629 	}
1630 
1631 	if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE) {
1632 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure) {
1633 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1634 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1635 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1636 			else
1637 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1638 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1639 		} else {
1640 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1641 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1642 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1643 			else
1644 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1645 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1646 		}
1647 	}
1648 	if (++remote_forward_confirms_received == options.num_remote_forwards) {
1649 		debug("All remote forwarding requests processed");
1650 		if (fork_after_authentication_flag)
1651 			fork_postauth();
1652 	}
1653 }
1654 
1655 static void
1656 client_cleanup_stdio_fwd(struct ssh *ssh, int id, void *arg)
1657 {
1658 	debug("stdio forwarding: done");
1659 	cleanup_exit(0);
1660 }
1661 
1662 static void
1663 ssh_stdio_confirm(struct ssh *ssh, int id, int success, void *arg)
1664 {
1665 	if (!success)
1666 		fatal("stdio forwarding failed");
1667 }
1668 
1669 static void
1670 ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(struct ssh *ssh)
1671 {
1672 	Channel *c;
1673 	int in, out;
1674 
1675 	if (options.stdio_forward_host == NULL)
1676 		return;
1677 
1678 	debug3("%s: %s:%d", __func__, options.stdio_forward_host,
1679 	    options.stdio_forward_port);
1680 
1681 	if ((in = dup(STDIN_FILENO)) == -1 ||
1682 	    (out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO)) == -1)
1683 		fatal("channel_connect_stdio_fwd: dup() in/out failed");
1684 	if ((c = channel_connect_stdio_fwd(ssh, options.stdio_forward_host,
1685 	    options.stdio_forward_port, in, out)) == NULL)
1686 		fatal("%s: channel_connect_stdio_fwd failed", __func__);
1687 	channel_register_cleanup(ssh, c->self, client_cleanup_stdio_fwd, 0);
1688 	channel_register_open_confirm(ssh, c->self, ssh_stdio_confirm, NULL);
1689 }
1690 
1691 static void
1692 ssh_init_forwarding(struct ssh *ssh, char **ifname)
1693 {
1694 	int success = 0;
1695 	int i;
1696 
1697 	/* Initiate local TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1698 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_local_forwards; i++) {
1699 		debug("Local connections to %.200s:%d forwarded to remote "
1700 		    "address %.200s:%d",
1701 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1702 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_path :
1703 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1704 		    (options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports ? "*" : "LOCALHOST") :
1705 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_host,
1706 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_port,
1707 		    (options.local_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1708 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_path :
1709 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_host,
1710 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_port);
1711 		success += channel_setup_local_fwd_listener(ssh,
1712 		    &options.local_forwards[i], &options.fwd_opts);
1713 	}
1714 	if (i > 0 && success != i && options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1715 		fatal("Could not request local forwarding.");
1716 	if (i > 0 && success == 0)
1717 		error("Could not request local forwarding.");
1718 
1719 	/* Initiate remote TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1720 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_remote_forwards; i++) {
1721 		debug("Remote connections from %.200s:%d forwarded to "
1722 		    "local address %.200s:%d",
1723 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1724 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path :
1725 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1726 		    "LOCALHOST" : options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host,
1727 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_port,
1728 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1729 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path :
1730 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_host,
1731 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_port);
1732 		options.remote_forwards[i].handle =
1733 		    channel_request_remote_forwarding(ssh,
1734 		    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1735 		if (options.remote_forwards[i].handle < 0) {
1736 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1737 				fatal("Could not request remote forwarding.");
1738 			else
1739 				logit("Warning: Could not request remote "
1740 				    "forwarding.");
1741 		} else {
1742 			client_register_global_confirm(
1743 			    ssh_confirm_remote_forward,
1744 			    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1745 		}
1746 	}
1747 
1748 	/* Initiate tunnel forwarding. */
1749 	if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) {
1750 		if ((*ifname = client_request_tun_fwd(ssh,
1751 		    options.tun_open, options.tun_local,
1752 		    options.tun_remote)) == NULL) {
1753 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1754 				fatal("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1755 			else
1756 				error("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1757 		}
1758 	}
1759 }
1760 
1761 static void
1762 check_agent_present(void)
1763 {
1764 	int r;
1765 
1766 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1767 		/* Clear agent forwarding if we don't have an agent. */
1768 		if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(NULL)) != 0) {
1769 			options.forward_agent = 0;
1770 			if (r != SSH_ERR_AGENT_NOT_PRESENT)
1771 				debug("ssh_get_authentication_socket: %s",
1772 				    ssh_err(r));
1773 		}
1774 	}
1775 }
1776 
1777 static void
1778 ssh_session2_setup(struct ssh *ssh, int id, int success, void *arg)
1779 {
1780 	extern char **environ;
1781 	const char *display;
1782 	int r, interactive = tty_flag;
1783 	char *proto = NULL, *data = NULL;
1784 
1785 	if (!success)
1786 		return; /* No need for error message, channels code sens one */
1787 
1788 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1789 	if (display == NULL && options.forward_x11)
1790 		debug("X11 forwarding requested but DISPLAY not set");
1791 	if (options.forward_x11 && client_x11_get_proto(ssh, display,
1792 	    options.xauth_location, options.forward_x11_trusted,
1793 	    options.forward_x11_timeout, &proto, &data) == 0) {
1794 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1795 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1796 		    "spoofing.");
1797 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(ssh, id, display, proto,
1798 		    data, 1);
1799 		client_expect_confirm(ssh, id, "X11 forwarding", CONFIRM_WARN);
1800 		/* XXX exit_on_forward_failure */
1801 		interactive = 1;
1802 	}
1803 
1804 	check_agent_present();
1805 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1806 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1807 		channel_request_start(ssh, id, "auth-agent-req@openssh.com", 0);
1808 		if ((r = sshpkt_send(ssh)) != 0)
1809 			fatal("%s: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1810 	}
1811 
1812 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
1813 	ssh_packet_set_interactive(ssh, interactive,
1814 	    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1815 
1816 	client_session2_setup(ssh, id, tty_flag, subsystem_flag, getenv("TERM"),
1817 	    NULL, fileno(stdin), command, environ);
1818 }
1819 
1820 /* open new channel for a session */
1821 static int
1822 ssh_session2_open(struct ssh *ssh)
1823 {
1824 	Channel *c;
1825 	int window, packetmax, in, out, err;
1826 
1827 	if (stdin_null_flag) {
1828 		in = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY);
1829 	} else {
1830 		in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
1831 	}
1832 	out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
1833 	err = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
1834 
1835 	if (in == -1 || out == -1 || err == -1)
1836 		fatal("dup() in/out/err failed");
1837 
1838 	/* enable nonblocking unless tty */
1839 	if (!isatty(in))
1840 		set_nonblock(in);
1841 	if (!isatty(out))
1842 		set_nonblock(out);
1843 	if (!isatty(err))
1844 		set_nonblock(err);
1845 
1846 	window = CHAN_SES_WINDOW_DEFAULT;
1847 	packetmax = CHAN_SES_PACKET_DEFAULT;
1848 	if (tty_flag) {
1849 		window >>= 1;
1850 		packetmax >>= 1;
1851 	}
1852 	c = channel_new(ssh,
1853 	    "session", SSH_CHANNEL_OPENING, in, out, err,
1854 	    window, packetmax, CHAN_EXTENDED_WRITE,
1855 	    "client-session", /*nonblock*/0);
1856 
1857 	debug3("%s: channel_new: %d", __func__, c->self);
1858 
1859 	channel_send_open(ssh, c->self);
1860 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1861 		channel_register_open_confirm(ssh, c->self,
1862 		    ssh_session2_setup, NULL);
1863 
1864 	return c->self;
1865 }
1866 
1867 static int
1868 ssh_session2(struct ssh *ssh, struct passwd *pw)
1869 {
1870 	int r, devnull, id = -1;
1871 	char *cp, *tun_fwd_ifname = NULL;
1872 
1873 	/* XXX should be pre-session */
1874 	if (!options.control_persist)
1875 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(ssh);
1876 
1877 	ssh_init_forwarding(ssh, &tun_fwd_ifname);
1878 
1879 	if (options.local_command != NULL) {
1880 		debug3("expanding LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1881 		cp = options.local_command;
1882 		options.local_command = percent_expand(cp,
1883 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1884 		    "L", shorthost,
1885 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1886 		    "h", host,
1887 		    "i", uidstr,
1888 		    "l", thishost,
1889 		    "n", host_arg,
1890 		    "p", portstr,
1891 		    "r", options.user,
1892 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1893 		    "T", tun_fwd_ifname == NULL ? "NONE" : tun_fwd_ifname,
1894 		    (char *)NULL);
1895 		debug3("expanded LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1896 		free(cp);
1897 	}
1898 
1899 	/* Start listening for multiplex clients */
1900 	if (!ssh_packet_get_mux(ssh))
1901 		muxserver_listen(ssh);
1902 
1903 	/*
1904 	 * If we are in control persist mode and have a working mux listen
1905 	 * socket, then prepare to background ourselves and have a foreground
1906 	 * client attach as a control slave.
1907 	 * NB. we must save copies of the flags that we override for
1908 	 * the backgrounding, since we defer attachment of the slave until
1909 	 * after the connection is fully established (in particular,
1910 	 * async rfwd replies have been received for ExitOnForwardFailure).
1911 	 */
1912 	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock != -1) {
1913 		ostdin_null_flag = stdin_null_flag;
1914 		ono_shell_flag = no_shell_flag;
1915 		orequest_tty = options.request_tty;
1916 		otty_flag = tty_flag;
1917 		stdin_null_flag = 1;
1918 		no_shell_flag = 1;
1919 		tty_flag = 0;
1920 		if (!fork_after_authentication_flag)
1921 			need_controlpersist_detach = 1;
1922 		fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
1923 	}
1924 	/*
1925 	 * ControlPersist mux listen socket setup failed, attempt the
1926 	 * stdio forward setup that we skipped earlier.
1927 	 */
1928 	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock == -1)
1929 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(ssh);
1930 
1931 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1932 		id = ssh_session2_open(ssh);
1933 	else {
1934 		ssh_packet_set_interactive(ssh,
1935 		    options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO,
1936 		    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1937 	}
1938 
1939 	/* If we don't expect to open a new session, then disallow it */
1940 	if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO &&
1941 	    (datafellows & SSH_NEW_OPENSSH)) {
1942 		debug("Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1943 		if ((r = sshpkt_start(ssh, SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST)) != 0 ||
1944 		    (r = sshpkt_put_cstring(ssh,
1945 		    "no-more-sessions@openssh.com")) != 0 ||
1946 		    (r = sshpkt_put_u8(ssh, 0)) != 0 ||
1947 		    (r = sshpkt_send(ssh)) != 0)
1948 			fatal("%s: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1949 	}
1950 
1951 	/* Execute a local command */
1952 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1953 	    options.permit_local_command)
1954 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1955 
1956 	/*
1957 	 * stdout is now owned by the session channel; clobber it here
1958 	 * so future channel closes are propagated to the local fd.
1959 	 * NB. this can only happen after LocalCommand has completed,
1960 	 * as it may want to write to stdout.
1961 	 */
1962 	if (!need_controlpersist_detach) {
1963 		if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY)) == -1)
1964 			error("%s: open %s: %s", __func__,
1965 			    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
1966 		if (dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
1967 			fatal("%s: dup2() stdout failed", __func__);
1968 		if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
1969 			close(devnull);
1970 	}
1971 
1972 	/*
1973 	 * If requested and we are not interested in replies to remote
1974 	 * forwarding requests, then let ssh continue in the background.
1975 	 */
1976 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
1977 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure &&
1978 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1979 			debug("deferring postauth fork until remote forward "
1980 			    "confirmation received");
1981 		} else
1982 			fork_postauth();
1983 	}
1984 
1985 	return client_loop(ssh, tty_flag, tty_flag ?
1986 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, id);
1987 }
1988 
1989 /* Loads all IdentityFile and CertificateFile keys */
1990 static void
1991 load_public_identity_files(struct passwd *pw)
1992 {
1993 	char *filename, *cp;
1994 	struct sshkey *public;
1995 	int i;
1996 	u_int n_ids, n_certs;
1997 	char *identity_files[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1998 	struct sshkey *identity_keys[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1999 	int identity_file_userprovided[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
2000 	char *certificate_files[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
2001 	struct sshkey *certificates[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
2002 	int certificate_file_userprovided[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
2003 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2004 	struct sshkey **keys;
2005 	int nkeys;
2006 #endif /* PKCS11 */
2007 
2008 	n_ids = n_certs = 0;
2009 	memset(identity_files, 0, sizeof(identity_files));
2010 	memset(identity_keys, 0, sizeof(identity_keys));
2011 	memset(identity_file_userprovided, 0,
2012 	    sizeof(identity_file_userprovided));
2013 	memset(certificate_files, 0, sizeof(certificate_files));
2014 	memset(certificates, 0, sizeof(certificates));
2015 	memset(certificate_file_userprovided, 0,
2016 	    sizeof(certificate_file_userprovided));
2017 
2018 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2019 	if (options.pkcs11_provider != NULL &&
2020 	    options.num_identity_files < SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES &&
2021 	    (pkcs11_init(!options.batch_mode) == 0) &&
2022 	    (nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(options.pkcs11_provider, NULL,
2023 	    &keys)) > 0) {
2024 		for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
2025 			if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES) {
2026 				sshkey_free(keys[i]);
2027 				continue;
2028 			}
2029 			identity_keys[n_ids] = keys[i];
2030 			identity_files[n_ids] =
2031 			    xstrdup(options.pkcs11_provider); /* XXX */
2032 			n_ids++;
2033 		}
2034 		free(keys);
2035 	}
2036 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
2037 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
2038 		if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES ||
2039 		    strcasecmp(options.identity_files[i], "none") == 0) {
2040 			free(options.identity_files[i]);
2041 			options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
2042 			continue;
2043 		}
2044 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_files[i], getuid());
2045 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pw->pw_dir,
2046 		    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
2047 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
2048 		free(cp);
2049 		check_load(sshkey_load_public(filename, &public, NULL),
2050 		    filename, "pubkey");
2051 		debug("identity file %s type %d", filename,
2052 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2053 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
2054 		identity_files[n_ids] = filename;
2055 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
2056 		identity_file_userprovided[n_ids] =
2057 		    options.identity_file_userprovided[i];
2058 		if (++n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
2059 			continue;
2060 
2061 		/*
2062 		 * If no certificates have been explicitly listed then try
2063 		 * to add the default certificate variant too.
2064 		 */
2065 		if (options.num_certificate_files != 0)
2066 			continue;
2067 		xasprintf(&cp, "%s-cert", filename);
2068 		check_load(sshkey_load_public(cp, &public, NULL),
2069 		    filename, "pubkey");
2070 		debug("identity file %s type %d", cp,
2071 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2072 		if (public == NULL) {
2073 			free(cp);
2074 			continue;
2075 		}
2076 		if (!sshkey_is_cert(public)) {
2077 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2078 			    __func__, cp, sshkey_type(public));
2079 			sshkey_free(public);
2080 			free(cp);
2081 			continue;
2082 		}
2083 		/* NB. leave filename pointing to private key */
2084 		identity_files[n_ids] = xstrdup(filename);
2085 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
2086 		identity_file_userprovided[n_ids] =
2087 		    options.identity_file_userprovided[i];
2088 		n_ids++;
2089 	}
2090 
2091 	if (options.num_certificate_files > SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES)
2092 		fatal("%s: too many certificates", __func__);
2093 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
2094 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.certificate_files[i],
2095 		    getuid());
2096 		filename = percent_expand(cp,
2097 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
2098 		    "h", host,
2099 		    "i", uidstr,
2100 		    "l", thishost,
2101 		    "r", options.user,
2102 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
2103 		    (char *)NULL);
2104 		free(cp);
2105 
2106 		check_load(sshkey_load_public(filename, &public, NULL),
2107 		    filename, "certificate");
2108 		debug("certificate file %s type %d", filename,
2109 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2110 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
2111 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
2112 		if (public == NULL) {
2113 			free(filename);
2114 			continue;
2115 		}
2116 		if (!sshkey_is_cert(public)) {
2117 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2118 			    __func__, filename, sshkey_type(public));
2119 			sshkey_free(public);
2120 			free(filename);
2121 			continue;
2122 		}
2123 		certificate_files[n_certs] = filename;
2124 		certificates[n_certs] = public;
2125 		certificate_file_userprovided[n_certs] =
2126 		    options.certificate_file_userprovided[i];
2127 		++n_certs;
2128 	}
2129 
2130 	options.num_identity_files = n_ids;
2131 	memcpy(options.identity_files, identity_files, sizeof(identity_files));
2132 	memcpy(options.identity_keys, identity_keys, sizeof(identity_keys));
2133 	memcpy(options.identity_file_userprovided,
2134 	    identity_file_userprovided, sizeof(identity_file_userprovided));
2135 
2136 	options.num_certificate_files = n_certs;
2137 	memcpy(options.certificate_files,
2138 	    certificate_files, sizeof(certificate_files));
2139 	memcpy(options.certificates, certificates, sizeof(certificates));
2140 	memcpy(options.certificate_file_userprovided,
2141 	    certificate_file_userprovided,
2142 	    sizeof(certificate_file_userprovided));
2143 }
2144 
2145 static void
2146 main_sigchld_handler(int sig)
2147 {
2148 	int save_errno = errno;
2149 	pid_t pid;
2150 	int status;
2151 
2152 	while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0 ||
2153 	    (pid == -1 && errno == EINTR))
2154 		;
2155 	errno = save_errno;
2156 }
2157