xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/misc.c (revision 99fd087599a8791921855f21bd7e36130f39aadc)
1 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.146 2020/01/28 01:49:36 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/types.h>
28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
29 #include <sys/socket.h>
30 #include <sys/stat.h>
31 #include <sys/time.h>
32 #include <sys/wait.h>
33 #include <sys/un.h>
34 
35 #include <net/if.h>
36 #include <netinet/in.h>
37 #include <netinet/ip.h>
38 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
39 #include <arpa/inet.h>
40 
41 #include <ctype.h>
42 #include <errno.h>
43 #include <fcntl.h>
44 #include <netdb.h>
45 #include <paths.h>
46 #include <pwd.h>
47 #include <libgen.h>
48 #include <limits.h>
49 #include <poll.h>
50 #include <signal.h>
51 #include <stdarg.h>
52 #include <stdio.h>
53 #include <stdlib.h>
54 #include <string.h>
55 #include <unistd.h>
56 
57 #include "xmalloc.h"
58 #include "misc.h"
59 #include "log.h"
60 #include "ssh.h"
61 #include "sshbuf.h"
62 #include "ssherr.h"
63 
64 /* remove newline at end of string */
65 char *
66 chop(char *s)
67 {
68 	char *t = s;
69 	while (*t) {
70 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
71 			*t = '\0';
72 			return s;
73 		}
74 		t++;
75 	}
76 	return s;
77 
78 }
79 
80 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
81 int
82 set_nonblock(int fd)
83 {
84 	int val;
85 
86 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
87 	if (val == -1) {
88 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
89 		return (-1);
90 	}
91 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
92 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
93 		return (0);
94 	}
95 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
96 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
97 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
98 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
99 		    strerror(errno));
100 		return (-1);
101 	}
102 	return (0);
103 }
104 
105 int
106 unset_nonblock(int fd)
107 {
108 	int val;
109 
110 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
111 	if (val == -1) {
112 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
113 		return (-1);
114 	}
115 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
116 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
117 		return (0);
118 	}
119 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
120 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
121 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
122 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
123 		    fd, strerror(errno));
124 		return (-1);
125 	}
126 	return (0);
127 }
128 
129 const char *
130 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
131 {
132 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
133 		return strerror(errno);
134 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
135 }
136 
137 /* disable nagle on socket */
138 void
139 set_nodelay(int fd)
140 {
141 	int opt;
142 	socklen_t optlen;
143 
144 	optlen = sizeof opt;
145 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
146 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
147 		return;
148 	}
149 	if (opt == 1) {
150 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
151 		return;
152 	}
153 	opt = 1;
154 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
155 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
156 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
157 }
158 
159 /* Allow local port reuse in TIME_WAIT */
160 int
161 set_reuseaddr(int fd)
162 {
163 	int on = 1;
164 
165 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) {
166 		error("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
167 		return -1;
168 	}
169 	return 0;
170 }
171 
172 /* Get/set routing domain */
173 char *
174 get_rdomain(int fd)
175 {
176 	int rtable;
177 	char *ret;
178 	socklen_t len = sizeof(rtable);
179 
180 	if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtable, &len) == -1) {
181 		error("Failed to get routing domain for fd %d: %s",
182 		    fd, strerror(errno));
183 		return NULL;
184 	}
185 	xasprintf(&ret, "%d", rtable);
186 	return ret;
187 }
188 
189 int
190 set_rdomain(int fd, const char *name)
191 {
192 	int rtable;
193 	const char *errstr;
194 
195 	if (name == NULL)
196 		return 0; /* default table */
197 
198 	rtable = (int)strtonum(name, 0, 255, &errstr);
199 	if (errstr != NULL) {
200 		/* Shouldn't happen */
201 		error("Invalid routing domain \"%s\": %s", name, errstr);
202 		return -1;
203 	}
204 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
205 	    &rtable, sizeof(rtable)) == -1) {
206 		error("Failed to set routing domain %d on fd %d: %s",
207 		    rtable, fd, strerror(errno));
208 		return -1;
209 	}
210 	return 0;
211 }
212 
213 /*
214  * Wait up to *timeoutp milliseconds for events on fd. Updates
215  * *timeoutp with time remaining.
216  * Returns 0 if fd ready or -1 on timeout or error (see errno).
217  */
218 static int
219 waitfd(int fd, int *timeoutp, short events)
220 {
221 	struct pollfd pfd;
222 	struct timeval t_start;
223 	int oerrno, r;
224 
225 	monotime_tv(&t_start);
226 	pfd.fd = fd;
227 	pfd.events = events;
228 	for (; *timeoutp >= 0;) {
229 		r = poll(&pfd, 1, *timeoutp);
230 		oerrno = errno;
231 		ms_subtract_diff(&t_start, timeoutp);
232 		errno = oerrno;
233 		if (r > 0)
234 			return 0;
235 		else if (r == -1 && errno != EAGAIN)
236 			return -1;
237 		else if (r == 0)
238 			break;
239 	}
240 	/* timeout */
241 	errno = ETIMEDOUT;
242 	return -1;
243 }
244 
245 /*
246  * Wait up to *timeoutp milliseconds for fd to be readable. Updates
247  * *timeoutp with time remaining.
248  * Returns 0 if fd ready or -1 on timeout or error (see errno).
249  */
250 int
251 waitrfd(int fd, int *timeoutp) {
252 	return waitfd(fd, timeoutp, POLLIN);
253 }
254 
255 /*
256  * Attempt a non-blocking connect(2) to the specified address, waiting up to
257  * *timeoutp milliseconds for the connection to complete. If the timeout is
258  * <=0, then wait indefinitely.
259  *
260  * Returns 0 on success or -1 on failure.
261  */
262 int
263 timeout_connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *serv_addr,
264     socklen_t addrlen, int *timeoutp)
265 {
266 	int optval = 0;
267 	socklen_t optlen = sizeof(optval);
268 
269 	/* No timeout: just do a blocking connect() */
270 	if (timeoutp == NULL || *timeoutp <= 0)
271 		return connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen);
272 
273 	set_nonblock(sockfd);
274 	if (connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen) == 0) {
275 		/* Succeeded already? */
276 		unset_nonblock(sockfd);
277 		return 0;
278 	} else if (errno != EINPROGRESS)
279 		return -1;
280 
281 	if (waitfd(sockfd, timeoutp, POLLIN | POLLOUT) == -1)
282 		return -1;
283 
284 	/* Completed or failed */
285 	if (getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &optval, &optlen) == -1) {
286 		debug("getsockopt: %s", strerror(errno));
287 		return -1;
288 	}
289 	if (optval != 0) {
290 		errno = optval;
291 		return -1;
292 	}
293 	unset_nonblock(sockfd);
294 	return 0;
295 }
296 
297 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
298 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
299 #define QUOTE	"\""
300 
301 /* return next token in configuration line */
302 static char *
303 strdelim_internal(char **s, int split_equals)
304 {
305 	char *old;
306 	int wspace = 0;
307 
308 	if (*s == NULL)
309 		return NULL;
310 
311 	old = *s;
312 
313 	*s = strpbrk(*s,
314 	    split_equals ? WHITESPACE QUOTE "=" : WHITESPACE QUOTE);
315 	if (*s == NULL)
316 		return (old);
317 
318 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
319 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
320 		/* Find matching quote */
321 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
322 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
323 		} else {
324 			*s[0] = '\0';
325 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
326 			return (old);
327 		}
328 	}
329 
330 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
331 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=')
332 		wspace = 1;
333 	*s[0] = '\0';
334 
335 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
336 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
337 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
338 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
339 
340 	return (old);
341 }
342 
343 /*
344  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace or a
345  * single '=' character.
346  */
347 char *
348 strdelim(char **s)
349 {
350 	return strdelim_internal(s, 1);
351 }
352 
353 /*
354  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace only.
355  */
356 char *
357 strdelimw(char **s)
358 {
359 	return strdelim_internal(s, 0);
360 }
361 
362 struct passwd *
363 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
364 {
365 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
366 
367 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
368 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
369 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
370 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
371 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
372 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
373 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
374 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
375 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
376 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
377 	return copy;
378 }
379 
380 /*
381  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
382  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
383  * Return -1 if invalid.
384  */
385 int
386 a2port(const char *s)
387 {
388 	struct servent *se;
389 	long long port;
390 	const char *errstr;
391 
392 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
393 	if (errstr == NULL)
394 		return (int)port;
395 	if ((se = getservbyname(s, "tcp")) != NULL)
396 		return ntohs(se->s_port);
397 	return -1;
398 }
399 
400 int
401 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
402 {
403 	const char *errstr = NULL;
404 	char *sp, *ep;
405 	int tun;
406 
407 	if (remote != NULL) {
408 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
409 		sp = xstrdup(s);
410 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
411 			free(sp);
412 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
413 		}
414 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
415 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
416 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
417 		free(sp);
418 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
419 	}
420 
421 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
422 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
423 
424 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
425 	if (errstr != NULL)
426 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
427 
428 	return (tun);
429 }
430 
431 #define SECONDS		1
432 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
433 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
434 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
435 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
436 
437 /*
438  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
439  * a sequence of:
440  *      time[qualifier]
441  *
442  * Valid time qualifiers are:
443  *      <none>  seconds
444  *      s|S     seconds
445  *      m|M     minutes
446  *      h|H     hours
447  *      d|D     days
448  *      w|W     weeks
449  *
450  * Examples:
451  *      90m     90 minutes
452  *      1h30m   90 minutes
453  *      2d      2 days
454  *      1w      1 week
455  *
456  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
457  */
458 long
459 convtime(const char *s)
460 {
461 	long total, secs, multiplier = 1;
462 	const char *p;
463 	char *endp;
464 
465 	errno = 0;
466 	total = 0;
467 	p = s;
468 
469 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
470 		return -1;
471 
472 	while (*p) {
473 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
474 		if (p == endp ||
475 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
476 		    secs < 0)
477 			return -1;
478 
479 		switch (*endp++) {
480 		case '\0':
481 			endp--;
482 			break;
483 		case 's':
484 		case 'S':
485 			break;
486 		case 'm':
487 		case 'M':
488 			multiplier = MINUTES;
489 			break;
490 		case 'h':
491 		case 'H':
492 			multiplier = HOURS;
493 			break;
494 		case 'd':
495 		case 'D':
496 			multiplier = DAYS;
497 			break;
498 		case 'w':
499 		case 'W':
500 			multiplier = WEEKS;
501 			break;
502 		default:
503 			return -1;
504 		}
505 		if (secs >= LONG_MAX / multiplier)
506 			return -1;
507 		secs *= multiplier;
508 		if  (total >= LONG_MAX - secs)
509 			return -1;
510 		total += secs;
511 		if (total < 0)
512 			return -1;
513 		p = endp;
514 	}
515 
516 	return total;
517 }
518 
519 /*
520  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
521  * Caller must free returned string.
522  */
523 char *
524 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
525 {
526 	char *hoststr;
527 
528 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
529 		return(xstrdup(host));
530 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) == -1)
531 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
532 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
533 	return hoststr;
534 }
535 
536 /*
537  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
538  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
539  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
540  * *cp is set to the start of the next field, if one was found.
541  * The delimiter char, if present, is stored in delim.
542  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
543  */
544 char *
545 hpdelim2(char **cp, char *delim)
546 {
547 	char *s, *old;
548 
549 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
550 		return NULL;
551 
552 	old = s = *cp;
553 	if (*s == '[') {
554 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
555 			return NULL;
556 		else
557 			s++;
558 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
559 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
560 
561 	switch (*s) {
562 	case '\0':
563 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
564 		break;
565 
566 	case ':':
567 	case '/':
568 		if (delim != NULL)
569 			*delim = *s;
570 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
571 		*cp = s + 1;
572 		break;
573 
574 	default:
575 		return NULL;
576 	}
577 
578 	return old;
579 }
580 
581 char *
582 hpdelim(char **cp)
583 {
584 	return hpdelim2(cp, NULL);
585 }
586 
587 char *
588 cleanhostname(char *host)
589 {
590 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
591 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
592 		return (host + 1);
593 	} else
594 		return host;
595 }
596 
597 char *
598 colon(char *cp)
599 {
600 	int flag = 0;
601 
602 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
603 		return NULL;
604 	if (*cp == '[')
605 		flag = 1;
606 
607 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
608 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
609 			flag = 1;
610 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
611 			return (cp+1);
612 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
613 			return (cp);
614 		if (*cp == '/')
615 			return NULL;
616 	}
617 	return NULL;
618 }
619 
620 /*
621  * Parse a [user@]host:[path] string.
622  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
623  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
624  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
625  * If host was not specified then *hostp will be set to NULL.
626  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to ".".
627  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
628  */
629 int
630 parse_user_host_path(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, char **pathp)
631 {
632 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
633 	char *sdup, *tmp;
634 	int ret = -1;
635 
636 	if (userp != NULL)
637 		*userp = NULL;
638 	if (hostp != NULL)
639 		*hostp = NULL;
640 	if (pathp != NULL)
641 		*pathp = NULL;
642 
643 	sdup = xstrdup(s);
644 
645 	/* Check for remote syntax: [user@]host:[path] */
646 	if ((tmp = colon(sdup)) == NULL)
647 		goto out;
648 
649 	/* Extract optional path */
650 	*tmp++ = '\0';
651 	if (*tmp == '\0')
652 		tmp = ".";
653 	path = xstrdup(tmp);
654 
655 	/* Extract optional user and mandatory host */
656 	tmp = strrchr(sdup, '@');
657 	if (tmp != NULL) {
658 		*tmp++ = '\0';
659 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(tmp));
660 		if (*sdup != '\0')
661 			user = xstrdup(sdup);
662 	} else {
663 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(sdup));
664 		user = NULL;
665 	}
666 
667 	/* Success */
668 	if (userp != NULL) {
669 		*userp = user;
670 		user = NULL;
671 	}
672 	if (hostp != NULL) {
673 		*hostp = host;
674 		host = NULL;
675 	}
676 	if (pathp != NULL) {
677 		*pathp = path;
678 		path = NULL;
679 	}
680 	ret = 0;
681 out:
682 	free(sdup);
683 	free(user);
684 	free(host);
685 	free(path);
686 	return ret;
687 }
688 
689 /*
690  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
691  * Caller must free returned user and host.
692  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
693  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
694  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
695  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
696  */
697 int
698 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
699 {
700 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
701 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
702 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
703 
704 	if (userp != NULL)
705 		*userp = NULL;
706 	if (hostp != NULL)
707 		*hostp = NULL;
708 	if (portp != NULL)
709 		*portp = -1;
710 
711 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
712 		return -1;
713 	/* Extract optional username */
714 	if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
715 		*cp = '\0';
716 		if (*tmp == '\0')
717 			goto out;
718 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
719 			goto out;
720 		tmp = cp + 1;
721 	}
722 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
723 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
724 		goto out;
725 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
726 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
727 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
728 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
729 			goto out;
730 	}
731 	/* Success */
732 	if (userp != NULL) {
733 		*userp = user;
734 		user = NULL;
735 	}
736 	if (hostp != NULL) {
737 		*hostp = host;
738 		host = NULL;
739 	}
740 	if (portp != NULL)
741 		*portp = port;
742 	ret = 0;
743  out:
744 	free(sdup);
745 	free(user);
746 	free(host);
747 	return ret;
748 }
749 
750 /*
751  * Converts a two-byte hex string to decimal.
752  * Returns the decimal value or -1 for invalid input.
753  */
754 static int
755 hexchar(const char *s)
756 {
757 	unsigned char result[2];
758 	int i;
759 
760 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
761 		if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
762 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - '0');
763 		else if (s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'f')
764 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'a') + 10;
765 		else if (s[i] >= 'A' && s[i] <= 'F')
766 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'A') + 10;
767 		else
768 			return -1;
769 	}
770 	return (result[0] << 4) | result[1];
771 }
772 
773 /*
774  * Decode an url-encoded string.
775  * Returns a newly allocated string on success or NULL on failure.
776  */
777 static char *
778 urldecode(const char *src)
779 {
780 	char *ret, *dst;
781 	int ch;
782 
783 	ret = xmalloc(strlen(src) + 1);
784 	for (dst = ret; *src != '\0'; src++) {
785 		switch (*src) {
786 		case '+':
787 			*dst++ = ' ';
788 			break;
789 		case '%':
790 			if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)src[1]) ||
791 			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)src[2]) ||
792 			    (ch = hexchar(src + 1)) == -1) {
793 				free(ret);
794 				return NULL;
795 			}
796 			*dst++ = ch;
797 			src += 2;
798 			break;
799 		default:
800 			*dst++ = *src;
801 			break;
802 		}
803 	}
804 	*dst = '\0';
805 
806 	return ret;
807 }
808 
809 /*
810  * Parse an (scp|ssh|sftp)://[user@]host[:port][/path] URI.
811  * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-scp-sftp-ssh-uri-04
812  * Either user or path may be url-encoded (but not host or port).
813  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
814  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking)
815  * but the scheme must always be specified.
816  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
817  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
818  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to NULL.
819  * Returns 0 on success, 1 if non-uri/wrong scheme, -1 on error/invalid uri.
820  */
821 int
822 parse_uri(const char *scheme, const char *uri, char **userp, char **hostp,
823     int *portp, char **pathp)
824 {
825 	char *uridup, *cp, *tmp, ch;
826 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
827 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
828 	size_t len;
829 
830 	len = strlen(scheme);
831 	if (strncmp(uri, scheme, len) != 0 || strncmp(uri + len, "://", 3) != 0)
832 		return 1;
833 	uri += len + 3;
834 
835 	if (userp != NULL)
836 		*userp = NULL;
837 	if (hostp != NULL)
838 		*hostp = NULL;
839 	if (portp != NULL)
840 		*portp = -1;
841 	if (pathp != NULL)
842 		*pathp = NULL;
843 
844 	uridup = tmp = xstrdup(uri);
845 
846 	/* Extract optional ssh-info (username + connection params) */
847 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
848 		char *delim;
849 
850 		*cp = '\0';
851 		/* Extract username and connection params */
852 		if ((delim = strchr(tmp, ';')) != NULL) {
853 			/* Just ignore connection params for now */
854 			*delim = '\0';
855 		}
856 		if (*tmp == '\0') {
857 			/* Empty username */
858 			goto out;
859 		}
860 		if ((user = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
861 			goto out;
862 		tmp = cp + 1;
863 	}
864 
865 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
866 	if ((cp = hpdelim2(&tmp, &ch)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
867 		goto out;
868 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
869 	if (!valid_domain(host, 0, NULL))
870 		goto out;
871 
872 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
873 		if (ch == ':') {
874 			/* Convert and verify port. */
875 			if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '/')) != NULL)
876 				*cp = '\0';
877 			if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
878 				goto out;
879 			tmp = cp ? cp + 1 : NULL;
880 		}
881 		if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
882 			/* Extract optional path */
883 			if ((path = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
884 				goto out;
885 		}
886 	}
887 
888 	/* Success */
889 	if (userp != NULL) {
890 		*userp = user;
891 		user = NULL;
892 	}
893 	if (hostp != NULL) {
894 		*hostp = host;
895 		host = NULL;
896 	}
897 	if (portp != NULL)
898 		*portp = port;
899 	if (pathp != NULL) {
900 		*pathp = path;
901 		path = NULL;
902 	}
903 	ret = 0;
904  out:
905 	free(uridup);
906 	free(user);
907 	free(host);
908 	free(path);
909 	return ret;
910 }
911 
912 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
913 void
914 addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
915 {
916 	va_list ap;
917 	char *cp;
918 	u_int nalloc;
919 	int r;
920 
921 	va_start(ap, fmt);
922 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
923 	va_end(ap);
924 	if (r == -1)
925 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
926 
927 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
928 	if (args->list == NULL) {
929 		nalloc = 32;
930 		args->num = 0;
931 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
932 		nalloc *= 2;
933 
934 	args->list = xrecallocarray(args->list, args->nalloc, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
935 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
936 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
937 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
938 }
939 
940 void
941 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
942 {
943 	va_list ap;
944 	char *cp;
945 	int r;
946 
947 	va_start(ap, fmt);
948 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
949 	va_end(ap);
950 	if (r == -1)
951 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
952 
953 	if (which >= args->num)
954 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
955 		    which, args->num);
956 	free(args->list[which]);
957 	args->list[which] = cp;
958 }
959 
960 void
961 freeargs(arglist *args)
962 {
963 	u_int i;
964 
965 	if (args->list != NULL) {
966 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
967 			free(args->list[i]);
968 		free(args->list);
969 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
970 		args->list = NULL;
971 	}
972 }
973 
974 /*
975  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
976  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
977  */
978 char *
979 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
980 {
981 	const char *path, *sep;
982 	char user[128], *ret;
983 	struct passwd *pw;
984 	u_int len, slash;
985 
986 	if (*filename != '~')
987 		return (xstrdup(filename));
988 	filename++;
989 
990 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
991 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
992 		slash = path - filename;
993 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
994 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
995 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
996 		user[slash] = '\0';
997 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
998 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
999 	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
1000 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
1001 
1002 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
1003 	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
1004 	if (len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/')
1005 		sep = "/";
1006 	else
1007 		sep = "";
1008 
1009 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
1010 	if (path != NULL)
1011 		filename = path + 1;
1012 
1013 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX)
1014 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
1015 
1016 	return (ret);
1017 }
1018 
1019 /*
1020  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
1021  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
1022  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
1023  * allocated by xmalloc.
1024  */
1025 char *
1026 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
1027 {
1028 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
1029 	u_int num_keys, i;
1030 	struct {
1031 		const char *key;
1032 		const char *repl;
1033 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
1034 	struct sshbuf *buf;
1035 	va_list ap;
1036 	int r;
1037 	char *ret;
1038 
1039 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1040 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1041 
1042 	/* Gather keys */
1043 	va_start(ap, string);
1044 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
1045 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
1046 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
1047 			break;
1048 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
1049 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
1050 			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
1051 	}
1052 	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
1053 		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
1054 	va_end(ap);
1055 
1056 	/* Expand string */
1057 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
1058 		if (*string != '%') {
1059  append:
1060 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, *string)) != 0) {
1061 				fatal("%s: sshbuf_put_u8: %s",
1062 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1063 			}
1064 			continue;
1065 		}
1066 		string++;
1067 		/* %% case */
1068 		if (*string == '%')
1069 			goto append;
1070 		if (*string == '\0')
1071 			fatal("%s: invalid format", __func__);
1072 		for (i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
1073 			if (strchr(keys[i].key, *string) != NULL) {
1074 				if ((r = sshbuf_put(buf, keys[i].repl,
1075 				    strlen(keys[i].repl))) != 0) {
1076 					fatal("%s: sshbuf_put: %s",
1077 					    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1078 				}
1079 				break;
1080 			}
1081 		}
1082 		if (i >= num_keys)
1083 			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
1084 	}
1085 	if ((ret = sshbuf_dup_string(buf)) == NULL)
1086 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_dup_string failed", __func__);
1087 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1088 	return ret;
1089 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
1090 }
1091 
1092 int
1093 tun_open(int tun, int mode, char **ifname)
1094 {
1095 	struct ifreq ifr;
1096 	char name[100];
1097 	int fd = -1, sock;
1098 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
1099 
1100 	if (ifname != NULL)
1101 		*ifname = NULL;
1102 
1103 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
1104 		tunbase = "tap";
1105 
1106 	/* Open the tunnel device */
1107 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
1108 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1109 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
1110 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
1111 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
1112 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
1113 			    tunbase, tun);
1114 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
1115 				break;
1116 		}
1117 	} else {
1118 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
1119 		return -1;
1120 	}
1121 
1122 	if (fd == -1) {
1123 		debug("%s: %s open: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
1124 		return -1;
1125 	}
1126 
1127 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, name, mode, fd);
1128 
1129 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
1130 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1131 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
1132 		goto failed;
1133 
1134 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1135 		debug("%s: get interface %s flags: %s", __func__,
1136 		    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
1137 		goto failed;
1138 	}
1139 
1140 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
1141 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
1142 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1143 			debug("%s: activate interface %s: %s", __func__,
1144 			    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
1145 			goto failed;
1146 		}
1147 	}
1148 
1149 	if (ifname != NULL)
1150 		*ifname = xstrdup(ifr.ifr_name);
1151 
1152 	close(sock);
1153 	return fd;
1154 
1155  failed:
1156 	if (fd >= 0)
1157 		close(fd);
1158 	if (sock >= 0)
1159 		close(sock);
1160 	return -1;
1161 }
1162 
1163 void
1164 sanitise_stdfd(void)
1165 {
1166 	int nullfd, dupfd;
1167 
1168 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1169 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
1170 		    strerror(errno));
1171 		exit(1);
1172 	}
1173 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
1174 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
1175 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
1176 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
1177 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1178 				exit(1);
1179 			}
1180 		}
1181 	}
1182 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
1183 		close(nullfd);
1184 }
1185 
1186 char *
1187 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
1188 {
1189 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1190 	char b[3], *r;
1191 	size_t i, hl;
1192 
1193 	if (l > 65536)
1194 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
1195 
1196 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
1197 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
1198 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1199 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
1200 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
1201 	}
1202 	return (r);
1203 }
1204 
1205 /*
1206  * Extend string *sp by the specified format. If *sp is not NULL (or empty),
1207  * then the separator 'sep' will be prepended before the formatted arguments.
1208  * Extended strings are heap allocated.
1209  */
1210 void
1211 xextendf(char **sp, const char *sep, const char *fmt, ...)
1212 {
1213 	va_list ap;
1214 	char *tmp1, *tmp2;
1215 
1216 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1217 	xvasprintf(&tmp1, fmt, ap);
1218 	va_end(ap);
1219 
1220 	if (*sp == NULL || **sp == '\0') {
1221 		free(*sp);
1222 		*sp = tmp1;
1223 		return;
1224 	}
1225 	xasprintf(&tmp2, "%s%s%s", *sp, sep == NULL ? "" : sep, tmp1);
1226 	free(tmp1);
1227 	free(*sp);
1228 	*sp = tmp2;
1229 }
1230 
1231 
1232 u_int64_t
1233 get_u64(const void *vp)
1234 {
1235 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1236 	u_int64_t v;
1237 
1238 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
1239 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
1240 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
1241 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
1242 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
1243 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
1244 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
1245 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
1246 
1247 	return (v);
1248 }
1249 
1250 u_int32_t
1251 get_u32(const void *vp)
1252 {
1253 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1254 	u_int32_t v;
1255 
1256 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
1257 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
1258 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
1259 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
1260 
1261 	return (v);
1262 }
1263 
1264 u_int32_t
1265 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
1266 {
1267 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1268 	u_int32_t v;
1269 
1270 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
1271 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
1272 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
1273 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
1274 
1275 	return (v);
1276 }
1277 
1278 u_int16_t
1279 get_u16(const void *vp)
1280 {
1281 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1282 	u_int16_t v;
1283 
1284 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
1285 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
1286 
1287 	return (v);
1288 }
1289 
1290 void
1291 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
1292 {
1293 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1294 
1295 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
1296 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
1297 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
1298 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
1299 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1300 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1301 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1302 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1303 }
1304 
1305 void
1306 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1307 {
1308 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1309 
1310 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1311 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1312 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1313 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1314 }
1315 
1316 void
1317 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1318 {
1319 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1320 
1321 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1322 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1323 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1324 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1325 }
1326 
1327 void
1328 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
1329 {
1330 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1331 
1332 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1333 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1334 }
1335 
1336 void
1337 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
1338 {
1339 	struct timeval diff, finish;
1340 
1341 	monotime_tv(&finish);
1342 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
1343 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
1344 }
1345 
1346 void
1347 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
1348 {
1349 	if (ms < 0)
1350 		ms = 0;
1351 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
1352 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
1353 }
1354 
1355 void
1356 monotime_ts(struct timespec *ts)
1357 {
1358 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ts) != 0)
1359 		fatal("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
1360 }
1361 
1362 void
1363 monotime_tv(struct timeval *tv)
1364 {
1365 	struct timespec ts;
1366 
1367 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1368 	tv->tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
1369 	tv->tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
1370 }
1371 
1372 time_t
1373 monotime(void)
1374 {
1375 	struct timespec ts;
1376 
1377 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1378 	return (ts.tv_sec);
1379 }
1380 
1381 double
1382 monotime_double(void)
1383 {
1384 	struct timespec ts;
1385 
1386 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1387 	return (double)ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000.0;
1388 }
1389 
1390 void
1391 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
1392 {
1393 	bw->buflen = buflen;
1394 	bw->rate = kbps;
1395 	bw->thresh = buflen;
1396 	bw->lamt = 0;
1397 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
1398 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
1399 }
1400 
1401 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
1402 void
1403 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
1404 {
1405 	u_int64_t waitlen;
1406 	struct timespec ts, rm;
1407 
1408 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1409 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1410 		monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1411 		return;
1412 	}
1413 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1414 		return;
1415 
1416 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwend);
1417 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1418 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1419 		return;
1420 
1421 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1422 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1423 
1424 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1425 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1426 
1427 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1428 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1429 
1430 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1431 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1432 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1433 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1434 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1435 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1436 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1437 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1438 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1439 		}
1440 
1441 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1442 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1443 			if (errno != EINTR)
1444 				break;
1445 			ts = rm;
1446 		}
1447 	}
1448 
1449 	bw->lamt = 0;
1450 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1451 }
1452 
1453 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1454 void
1455 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1456 {
1457 	const char *tmpdir;
1458 	int r;
1459 
1460 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1461 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1462 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1463 			return;
1464 	}
1465 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1466 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1467 		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
1468 }
1469 
1470 static const struct {
1471 	const char *name;
1472 	int value;
1473 } ipqos[] = {
1474 	{ "none", INT_MAX },		/* can't use 0 here; that's CS0 */
1475 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1476 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1477 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1478 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1479 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1480 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1481 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1482 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1483 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1484 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1485 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1486 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1487 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1488 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1489 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1490 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1491 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1492 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1493 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1494 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1495 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1496 	{ "le", IPTOS_DSCP_LE },
1497 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1498 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1499 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1500 	{ NULL, -1 }
1501 };
1502 
1503 int
1504 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1505 {
1506 	u_int i;
1507 	char *ep;
1508 	long val;
1509 
1510 	if (cp == NULL)
1511 		return -1;
1512 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1513 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1514 			return ipqos[i].value;
1515 	}
1516 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1517 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1518 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1519 		return -1;
1520 	return val;
1521 }
1522 
1523 const char *
1524 iptos2str(int iptos)
1525 {
1526 	int i;
1527 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1528 
1529 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1530 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1531 			return ipqos[i].name;
1532 	}
1533 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1534 	return iptos_str;
1535 }
1536 
1537 void
1538 lowercase(char *s)
1539 {
1540 	for (; *s; s++)
1541 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1542 }
1543 
1544 int
1545 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1546 {
1547 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1548 	int saved_errno, sock;
1549 
1550 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1551 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1552 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path,
1553 	    sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1554 		error("%s: path \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket",
1555 		    __func__, path);
1556 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1557 		return -1;
1558 	}
1559 
1560 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1561 	if (sock == -1) {
1562 		saved_errno = errno;
1563 		error("%s: socket: %.100s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1564 		errno = saved_errno;
1565 		return -1;
1566 	}
1567 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1568 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1569 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1570 	}
1571 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) == -1) {
1572 		saved_errno = errno;
1573 		error("%s: cannot bind to path %s: %s",
1574 		    __func__, path, strerror(errno));
1575 		close(sock);
1576 		errno = saved_errno;
1577 		return -1;
1578 	}
1579 	if (listen(sock, backlog) == -1) {
1580 		saved_errno = errno;
1581 		error("%s: cannot listen on path %s: %s",
1582 		    __func__, path, strerror(errno));
1583 		close(sock);
1584 		unlink(path);
1585 		errno = saved_errno;
1586 		return -1;
1587 	}
1588 	return sock;
1589 }
1590 
1591 /*
1592  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1593  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1594  */
1595 static int
1596 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1597 {
1598 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1599 		return 0;
1600 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1601 		return 0;
1602 	return 1;
1603 }
1604 
1605 /*
1606  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1607  * zero otherwise.
1608  */
1609 int
1610 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1611 {
1612 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1613 		return 0;
1614 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1615 		return 0;
1616 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1617 		return 0;
1618 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1619 		return 0;
1620 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1621 		return 0;
1622 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1623 		return 0;
1624 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1625 	return 1;
1626 }
1627 
1628 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1629 int
1630 daemonized(void)
1631 {
1632 	int fd;
1633 
1634 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1635 		close(fd);
1636 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1637 	}
1638 	if (getppid() != 1)
1639 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1640 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1641 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1642 	debug3("already daemonized");
1643 	return 1;
1644 }
1645 
1646 
1647 /*
1648  * Splits 's' into an argument vector. Handles quoted string and basic
1649  * escape characters (\\, \", \'). Caller must free the argument vector
1650  * and its members.
1651  */
1652 int
1653 argv_split(const char *s, int *argcp, char ***argvp)
1654 {
1655 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1656 	int argc = 0, quote, i, j;
1657 	char *arg, **argv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*argv));
1658 
1659 	*argvp = NULL;
1660 	*argcp = 0;
1661 
1662 	for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1663 		/* Skip leading whitespace */
1664 		if (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t')
1665 			continue;
1666 
1667 		/* Start of a token */
1668 		quote = 0;
1669 		if (s[i] == '\\' &&
1670 		    (s[i + 1] == '\'' || s[i + 1] == '\"' || s[i + 1] == '\\'))
1671 			i++;
1672 		else if (s[i] == '\'' || s[i] == '"')
1673 			quote = s[i++];
1674 
1675 		argv = xreallocarray(argv, (argc + 2), sizeof(*argv));
1676 		arg = argv[argc++] = xcalloc(1, strlen(s + i) + 1);
1677 		argv[argc] = NULL;
1678 
1679 		/* Copy the token in, removing escapes */
1680 		for (j = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1681 			if (s[i] == '\\') {
1682 				if (s[i + 1] == '\'' ||
1683 				    s[i + 1] == '\"' ||
1684 				    s[i + 1] == '\\') {
1685 					i++; /* Skip '\' */
1686 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1687 				} else {
1688 					/* Unrecognised escape */
1689 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1690 				}
1691 			} else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t'))
1692 				break; /* done */
1693 			else if (quote != 0 && s[i] == quote)
1694 				break; /* done */
1695 			else
1696 				arg[j++] = s[i];
1697 		}
1698 		if (s[i] == '\0') {
1699 			if (quote != 0) {
1700 				/* Ran out of string looking for close quote */
1701 				r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1702 				goto out;
1703 			}
1704 			break;
1705 		}
1706 	}
1707 	/* Success */
1708 	*argcp = argc;
1709 	*argvp = argv;
1710 	argc = 0;
1711 	argv = NULL;
1712 	r = 0;
1713  out:
1714 	if (argc != 0 && argv != NULL) {
1715 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
1716 			free(argv[i]);
1717 		free(argv);
1718 	}
1719 	return r;
1720 }
1721 
1722 /*
1723  * Reassemble an argument vector into a string, quoting and escaping as
1724  * necessary. Caller must free returned string.
1725  */
1726 char *
1727 argv_assemble(int argc, char **argv)
1728 {
1729 	int i, j, ws, r;
1730 	char c, *ret;
1731 	struct sshbuf *buf, *arg;
1732 
1733 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL || (arg = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1734 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1735 
1736 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1737 		ws = 0;
1738 		sshbuf_reset(arg);
1739 		for (j = 0; argv[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
1740 			r = 0;
1741 			c = argv[i][j];
1742 			switch (c) {
1743 			case ' ':
1744 			case '\t':
1745 				ws = 1;
1746 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1747 				break;
1748 			case '\\':
1749 			case '\'':
1750 			case '"':
1751 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, '\\')) != 0)
1752 					break;
1753 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
1754 			default:
1755 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1756 				break;
1757 			}
1758 			if (r != 0)
1759 				fatal("%s: sshbuf_put_u8: %s",
1760 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1761 		}
1762 		if ((i != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, ' ')) != 0) ||
1763 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0) ||
1764 		    (r = sshbuf_putb(buf, arg)) != 0 ||
1765 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0))
1766 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1767 	}
1768 	if ((ret = malloc(sshbuf_len(buf) + 1)) == NULL)
1769 		fatal("%s: malloc failed", __func__);
1770 	memcpy(ret, sshbuf_ptr(buf), sshbuf_len(buf));
1771 	ret[sshbuf_len(buf)] = '\0';
1772 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1773 	sshbuf_free(arg);
1774 	return ret;
1775 }
1776 
1777 /* Returns 0 if pid exited cleanly, non-zero otherwise */
1778 int
1779 exited_cleanly(pid_t pid, const char *tag, const char *cmd, int quiet)
1780 {
1781 	int status;
1782 
1783 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
1784 		if (errno != EINTR) {
1785 			error("%s: waitpid: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1786 			return -1;
1787 		}
1788 	}
1789 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1790 		error("%s %s exited on signal %d", tag, cmd, WTERMSIG(status));
1791 		return -1;
1792 	} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
1793 		do_log2(quiet ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 : SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
1794 		    "%s %s failed, status %d", tag, cmd, WEXITSTATUS(status));
1795 		return -1;
1796 	}
1797 	return 0;
1798 }
1799 
1800 /*
1801  * Check a given path for security. This is defined as all components
1802  * of the path to the file must be owned by either the owner of
1803  * of the file or root and no directories must be group or world writable.
1804  *
1805  * XXX Should any specific check be done for sym links ?
1806  *
1807  * Takes a file name, its stat information (preferably from fstat() to
1808  * avoid races), the uid of the expected owner, their home directory and an
1809  * error buffer plus max size as arguments.
1810  *
1811  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1812  */
1813 int
1814 safe_path(const char *name, struct stat *stp, const char *pw_dir,
1815     uid_t uid, char *err, size_t errlen)
1816 {
1817 	char buf[PATH_MAX], homedir[PATH_MAX];
1818 	char *cp;
1819 	int comparehome = 0;
1820 	struct stat st;
1821 
1822 	if (realpath(name, buf) == NULL) {
1823 		snprintf(err, errlen, "realpath %s failed: %s", name,
1824 		    strerror(errno));
1825 		return -1;
1826 	}
1827 	if (pw_dir != NULL && realpath(pw_dir, homedir) != NULL)
1828 		comparehome = 1;
1829 
1830 	if (!S_ISREG(stp->st_mode)) {
1831 		snprintf(err, errlen, "%s is not a regular file", buf);
1832 		return -1;
1833 	}
1834 	if ((stp->st_uid != 0 && stp->st_uid != uid) ||
1835 	    (stp->st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1836 		snprintf(err, errlen, "bad ownership or modes for file %s",
1837 		    buf);
1838 		return -1;
1839 	}
1840 
1841 	/* for each component of the canonical path, walking upwards */
1842 	for (;;) {
1843 		if ((cp = dirname(buf)) == NULL) {
1844 			snprintf(err, errlen, "dirname() failed");
1845 			return -1;
1846 		}
1847 		strlcpy(buf, cp, sizeof(buf));
1848 
1849 		if (stat(buf, &st) == -1 ||
1850 		    (st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != uid) ||
1851 		    (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1852 			snprintf(err, errlen,
1853 			    "bad ownership or modes for directory %s", buf);
1854 			return -1;
1855 		}
1856 
1857 		/* If are past the homedir then we can stop */
1858 		if (comparehome && strcmp(homedir, buf) == 0)
1859 			break;
1860 
1861 		/*
1862 		 * dirname should always complete with a "/" path,
1863 		 * but we can be paranoid and check for "." too
1864 		 */
1865 		if ((strcmp("/", buf) == 0) || (strcmp(".", buf) == 0))
1866 			break;
1867 	}
1868 	return 0;
1869 }
1870 
1871 /*
1872  * Version of safe_path() that accepts an open file descriptor to
1873  * avoid races.
1874  *
1875  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1876  */
1877 int
1878 safe_path_fd(int fd, const char *file, struct passwd *pw,
1879     char *err, size_t errlen)
1880 {
1881 	struct stat st;
1882 
1883 	/* check the open file to avoid races */
1884 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
1885 		snprintf(err, errlen, "cannot stat file %s: %s",
1886 		    file, strerror(errno));
1887 		return -1;
1888 	}
1889 	return safe_path(file, &st, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_uid, err, errlen);
1890 }
1891 
1892 /*
1893  * Sets the value of the given variable in the environment.  If the variable
1894  * already exists, its value is overridden.
1895  */
1896 void
1897 child_set_env(char ***envp, u_int *envsizep, const char *name,
1898 	const char *value)
1899 {
1900 	char **env;
1901 	u_int envsize;
1902 	u_int i, namelen;
1903 
1904 	if (strchr(name, '=') != NULL) {
1905 		error("Invalid environment variable \"%.100s\"", name);
1906 		return;
1907 	}
1908 
1909 	/*
1910 	 * Find the slot where the value should be stored.  If the variable
1911 	 * already exists, we reuse the slot; otherwise we append a new slot
1912 	 * at the end of the array, expanding if necessary.
1913 	 */
1914 	env = *envp;
1915 	namelen = strlen(name);
1916 	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
1917 		if (strncmp(env[i], name, namelen) == 0 && env[i][namelen] == '=')
1918 			break;
1919 	if (env[i]) {
1920 		/* Reuse the slot. */
1921 		free(env[i]);
1922 	} else {
1923 		/* New variable.  Expand if necessary. */
1924 		envsize = *envsizep;
1925 		if (i >= envsize - 1) {
1926 			if (envsize >= 1000)
1927 				fatal("child_set_env: too many env vars");
1928 			envsize += 50;
1929 			env = (*envp) = xreallocarray(env, envsize, sizeof(char *));
1930 			*envsizep = envsize;
1931 		}
1932 		/* Need to set the NULL pointer at end of array beyond the new slot. */
1933 		env[i + 1] = NULL;
1934 	}
1935 
1936 	/* Allocate space and format the variable in the appropriate slot. */
1937 	/* XXX xasprintf */
1938 	env[i] = xmalloc(strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1);
1939 	snprintf(env[i], strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1, "%s=%s", name, value);
1940 }
1941 
1942 /*
1943  * Check and optionally lowercase a domain name, also removes trailing '.'
1944  * Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure, storing an error message in errstr.
1945  */
1946 int
1947 valid_domain(char *name, int makelower, const char **errstr)
1948 {
1949 	size_t i, l = strlen(name);
1950 	u_char c, last = '\0';
1951 	static char errbuf[256];
1952 
1953 	if (l == 0) {
1954 		strlcpy(errbuf, "empty domain name", sizeof(errbuf));
1955 		goto bad;
1956 	}
1957 	if (!isalpha((u_char)name[0]) && !isdigit((u_char)name[0])) {
1958 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name \"%.100s\" "
1959 		    "starts with invalid character", name);
1960 		goto bad;
1961 	}
1962 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1963 		c = tolower((u_char)name[i]);
1964 		if (makelower)
1965 			name[i] = (char)c;
1966 		if (last == '.' && c == '.') {
1967 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
1968 			    "\"%.100s\" contains consecutive separators", name);
1969 			goto bad;
1970 		}
1971 		if (c != '.' && c != '-' && !isalnum(c) &&
1972 		    c != '_') /* technically invalid, but common */ {
1973 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
1974 			    "\"%.100s\" contains invalid characters", name);
1975 			goto bad;
1976 		}
1977 		last = c;
1978 	}
1979 	if (name[l - 1] == '.')
1980 		name[l - 1] = '\0';
1981 	if (errstr != NULL)
1982 		*errstr = NULL;
1983 	return 1;
1984 bad:
1985 	if (errstr != NULL)
1986 		*errstr = errbuf;
1987 	return 0;
1988 }
1989 
1990 /*
1991  * Verify that a environment variable name (not including initial '$') is
1992  * valid; consisting of one or more alphanumeric or underscore characters only.
1993  * Returns 1 on valid, 0 otherwise.
1994  */
1995 int
1996 valid_env_name(const char *name)
1997 {
1998 	const char *cp;
1999 
2000 	if (name[0] == '\0')
2001 		return 0;
2002 	for (cp = name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
2003 		if (!isalnum((u_char)*cp) && *cp != '_')
2004 			return 0;
2005 	}
2006 	return 1;
2007 }
2008 
2009 const char *
2010 atoi_err(const char *nptr, int *val)
2011 {
2012 	const char *errstr = NULL;
2013 	long long num;
2014 
2015 	if (nptr == NULL || *nptr == '\0')
2016 		return "missing";
2017 	num = strtonum(nptr, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2018 	if (errstr == NULL)
2019 		*val = (int)num;
2020 	return errstr;
2021 }
2022 
2023 int
2024 parse_absolute_time(const char *s, uint64_t *tp)
2025 {
2026 	struct tm tm;
2027 	time_t tt;
2028 	char buf[32], *fmt;
2029 
2030 	*tp = 0;
2031 
2032 	/*
2033 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
2034 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
2035 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
2036 	 */
2037 	switch (strlen(s)) {
2038 	case 8: /* YYYYMMDD */
2039 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
2040 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
2041 		break;
2042 	case 12: /* YYYYMMDDHHMM */
2043 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M";
2044 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s",
2045 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10);
2046 		break;
2047 	case 14: /* YYYYMMDDHHMMSS */
2048 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
2049 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
2050 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
2051 		break;
2052 	default:
2053 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2054 	}
2055 
2056 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
2057 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
2058 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2059 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
2060 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2061 	/* success */
2062 	*tp = (uint64_t)tt;
2063 	return 0;
2064 }
2065 
2066 void
2067 format_absolute_time(uint64_t t, char *buf, size_t len)
2068 {
2069 	time_t tt = t > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : t; /* XXX revisit in 2038 :P */
2070 	struct tm tm;
2071 
2072 	localtime_r(&tt, &tm);
2073 	strftime(buf, len, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", &tm);
2074 }
2075 
2076 /* check if path is absolute */
2077 int
2078 path_absolute(const char *path)
2079 {
2080 	return (*path == '/') ? 1 : 0;
2081 }
2082 
2083 void
2084 skip_space(char **cpp)
2085 {
2086 	char *cp;
2087 
2088 	for (cp = *cpp; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
2089 		;
2090 	*cpp = cp;
2091 }
2092 
2093 /* authorized_key-style options parsing helpers */
2094 
2095 /*
2096  * Match flag 'opt' in *optsp, and if allow_negate is set then also match
2097  * 'no-opt'. Returns -1 if option not matched, 1 if option matches or 0
2098  * if negated option matches.
2099  * If the option or negated option matches, then *optsp is updated to
2100  * point to the first character after the option.
2101  */
2102 int
2103 opt_flag(const char *opt, int allow_negate, const char **optsp)
2104 {
2105 	size_t opt_len = strlen(opt);
2106 	const char *opts = *optsp;
2107 	int negate = 0;
2108 
2109 	if (allow_negate && strncasecmp(opts, "no-", 3) == 0) {
2110 		opts += 3;
2111 		negate = 1;
2112 	}
2113 	if (strncasecmp(opts, opt, opt_len) == 0) {
2114 		*optsp = opts + opt_len;
2115 		return negate ? 0 : 1;
2116 	}
2117 	return -1;
2118 }
2119 
2120 char *
2121 opt_dequote(const char **sp, const char **errstrp)
2122 {
2123 	const char *s = *sp;
2124 	char *ret;
2125 	size_t i;
2126 
2127 	*errstrp = NULL;
2128 	if (*s != '"') {
2129 		*errstrp = "missing start quote";
2130 		return NULL;
2131 	}
2132 	s++;
2133 	if ((ret = malloc(strlen((s)) + 1)) == NULL) {
2134 		*errstrp = "memory allocation failed";
2135 		return NULL;
2136 	}
2137 	for (i = 0; *s != '\0' && *s != '"';) {
2138 		if (s[0] == '\\' && s[1] == '"')
2139 			s++;
2140 		ret[i++] = *s++;
2141 	}
2142 	if (*s == '\0') {
2143 		*errstrp = "missing end quote";
2144 		free(ret);
2145 		return NULL;
2146 	}
2147 	ret[i] = '\0';
2148 	s++;
2149 	*sp = s;
2150 	return ret;
2151 }
2152 
2153 int
2154 opt_match(const char **opts, const char *term)
2155 {
2156 	if (strncasecmp((*opts), term, strlen(term)) == 0 &&
2157 	    (*opts)[strlen(term)] == '=') {
2158 		*opts += strlen(term) + 1;
2159 		return 1;
2160 	}
2161 	return 0;
2162 }
2163 
2164 sshsig_t
2165 ssh_signal(int signum, sshsig_t handler)
2166 {
2167 	struct sigaction sa, osa;
2168 
2169 	/* mask all other signals while in handler */
2170 	bzero(&sa, sizeof(sa));
2171 	sa.sa_handler = handler;
2172 	sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
2173 	if (signum != SIGALRM)
2174 		sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2175 	if (sigaction(signum, &sa, &osa) == -1) {
2176 		debug3("sigaction(%s): %s", strsignal(signum), strerror(errno));
2177 		return SIG_ERR;
2178 	}
2179 	return osa.sa_handler;
2180 }
2181