xref: /openbsd-src/lib/libc/regex/regcomp.c (revision 33b4f39fbeffad07bc3206f173cff9f3c9901cd1)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994 Henry Spencer.
3  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994
4  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
7  * Henry Spencer.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  *	@(#)regcomp.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 3/20/94
34  */
35 
36 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)regcomp.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 3/20/94";
39 #else
40 static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: regcomp.c,v 1.11 2003/12/07 06:17:17 otto Exp $";
41 #endif
42 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
43 
44 #include <sys/types.h>
45 #include <stdio.h>
46 #include <string.h>
47 #include <ctype.h>
48 #include <limits.h>
49 #include <stdlib.h>
50 #include <regex.h>
51 
52 #include "utils.h"
53 #include "regex2.h"
54 
55 #include "cclass.h"
56 #include "cname.h"
57 
58 /*
59  * parse structure, passed up and down to avoid global variables and
60  * other clumsinesses
61  */
62 struct parse {
63 	char *next;		/* next character in RE */
64 	char *end;		/* end of string (-> NUL normally) */
65 	int error;		/* has an error been seen? */
66 	sop *strip;		/* malloced strip */
67 	sopno ssize;		/* malloced strip size (allocated) */
68 	sopno slen;		/* malloced strip length (used) */
69 	int ncsalloc;		/* number of csets allocated */
70 	struct re_guts *g;
71 #	define	NPAREN	10	/* we need to remember () 1-9 for back refs */
72 	sopno pbegin[NPAREN];	/* -> ( ([0] unused) */
73 	sopno pend[NPAREN];	/* -> ) ([0] unused) */
74 };
75 
76 /* ========= begin header generated by ./mkh ========= */
77 #ifdef __cplusplus
78 extern "C" {
79 #endif
80 
81 /* === regcomp.c === */
82 static void p_ere(struct parse *p, int stop);
83 static void p_ere_exp(struct parse *p);
84 static void p_str(struct parse *p);
85 static void p_bre(struct parse *p, int end1, int end2);
86 static int p_simp_re(struct parse *p, int starordinary);
87 static int p_count(struct parse *p);
88 static void p_bracket(struct parse *p);
89 static void p_b_term(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
90 static void p_b_cclass(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
91 static void p_b_eclass(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
92 static char p_b_symbol(struct parse *p);
93 static char p_b_coll_elem(struct parse *p, int endc);
94 static char othercase(int ch);
95 static void bothcases(struct parse *p, int ch);
96 static void ordinary(struct parse *p, int ch);
97 static void nonnewline(struct parse *p);
98 static void repeat(struct parse *p, sopno start, int from, int to);
99 static int seterr(struct parse *p, int e);
100 static cset *allocset(struct parse *p);
101 static void freeset(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
102 static int freezeset(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
103 static int firstch(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
104 static int nch(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
105 static void mcadd(struct parse *p, cset *cs, char *cp);
106 static void mcinvert(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
107 static void mccase(struct parse *p, cset *cs);
108 static int isinsets(struct re_guts *g, int c);
109 static int samesets(struct re_guts *g, int c1, int c2);
110 static void categorize(struct parse *p, struct re_guts *g);
111 static sopno dupl(struct parse *p, sopno start, sopno finish);
112 static void doemit(struct parse *p, sop op, size_t opnd);
113 static void doinsert(struct parse *p, sop op, size_t opnd, sopno pos);
114 static void dofwd(struct parse *p, sopno pos, sop value);
115 static void enlarge(struct parse *p, sopno size);
116 static void stripsnug(struct parse *p, struct re_guts *g);
117 static void findmust(struct parse *p, struct re_guts *g);
118 static sopno pluscount(struct parse *p, struct re_guts *g);
119 
120 #ifdef __cplusplus
121 }
122 #endif
123 /* ========= end header generated by ./mkh ========= */
124 
125 static char nuls[10];		/* place to point scanner in event of error */
126 
127 /*
128  * macros for use with parse structure
129  * BEWARE:  these know that the parse structure is named `p' !!!
130  */
131 #define	PEEK()	(*p->next)
132 #define	PEEK2()	(*(p->next+1))
133 #define	MORE()	(p->next < p->end)
134 #define	MORE2()	(p->next+1 < p->end)
135 #define	SEE(c)	(MORE() && PEEK() == (c))
136 #define	SEETWO(a, b)	(MORE() && MORE2() && PEEK() == (a) && PEEK2() == (b))
137 #define	EAT(c)	((SEE(c)) ? (NEXT(), 1) : 0)
138 #define	EATTWO(a, b)	((SEETWO(a, b)) ? (NEXT2(), 1) : 0)
139 #define	NEXT()	(p->next++)
140 #define	NEXT2()	(p->next += 2)
141 #define	NEXTn(n)	(p->next += (n))
142 #define	GETNEXT()	(*p->next++)
143 #define	SETERROR(e)	seterr(p, (e))
144 #define	REQUIRE(co, e)	((co) || SETERROR(e))
145 #define	MUSTSEE(c, e)	(REQUIRE(MORE() && PEEK() == (c), e))
146 #define	MUSTEAT(c, e)	(REQUIRE(MORE() && GETNEXT() == (c), e))
147 #define	MUSTNOTSEE(c, e)	(REQUIRE(!MORE() || PEEK() != (c), e))
148 #define	EMIT(op, sopnd)	doemit(p, (sop)(op), (size_t)(sopnd))
149 #define	INSERT(op, pos)	doinsert(p, (sop)(op), HERE()-(pos)+1, pos)
150 #define	AHEAD(pos)		dofwd(p, pos, HERE()-(pos))
151 #define	ASTERN(sop, pos)	EMIT(sop, HERE()-pos)
152 #define	HERE()		(p->slen)
153 #define	THERE()		(p->slen - 1)
154 #define	THERETHERE()	(p->slen - 2)
155 #define	DROP(n)	(p->slen -= (n))
156 
157 #ifndef NDEBUG
158 static int never = 0;		/* for use in asserts; shuts lint up */
159 #else
160 #define	never	0		/* some <assert.h>s have bugs too */
161 #endif
162 
163 /*
164  - regcomp - interface for parser and compilation
165  = extern int regcomp(regex_t *, const char *, int);
166  = #define	REG_BASIC	0000
167  = #define	REG_EXTENDED	0001
168  = #define	REG_ICASE	0002
169  = #define	REG_NOSUB	0004
170  = #define	REG_NEWLINE	0010
171  = #define	REG_NOSPEC	0020
172  = #define	REG_PEND	0040
173  = #define	REG_DUMP	0200
174  */
175 int				/* 0 success, otherwise REG_something */
176 regcomp(preg, pattern, cflags)
177 regex_t *preg;
178 const char *pattern;
179 int cflags;
180 {
181 	struct parse pa;
182 	register struct re_guts *g;
183 	register struct parse *p = &pa;
184 	register int i;
185 	register size_t len;
186 #ifdef REDEBUG
187 #	define	GOODFLAGS(f)	(f)
188 #else
189 #	define	GOODFLAGS(f)	((f)&~REG_DUMP)
190 #endif
191 
192 	cflags = GOODFLAGS(cflags);
193 	if ((cflags&REG_EXTENDED) && (cflags&REG_NOSPEC))
194 		return(REG_INVARG);
195 
196 	if (cflags&REG_PEND) {
197 		if (preg->re_endp < pattern)
198 			return(REG_INVARG);
199 		len = preg->re_endp - pattern;
200 	} else
201 		len = strlen((char *)pattern);
202 
203 	/* do the mallocs early so failure handling is easy */
204 	g = (struct re_guts *)malloc(sizeof(struct re_guts) +
205 							(NC-1)*sizeof(cat_t));
206 	if (g == NULL)
207 		return(REG_ESPACE);
208 	p->ssize = len/(size_t)2*(size_t)3 + (size_t)1;	/* ugh */
209 	p->strip = (sop *)malloc(p->ssize * sizeof(sop));
210 	p->slen = 0;
211 	if (p->strip == NULL) {
212 		free((char *)g);
213 		return(REG_ESPACE);
214 	}
215 
216 	/* set things up */
217 	p->g = g;
218 	p->next = (char *)pattern;	/* convenience; we do not modify it */
219 	p->end = p->next + len;
220 	p->error = 0;
221 	p->ncsalloc = 0;
222 	for (i = 0; i < NPAREN; i++) {
223 		p->pbegin[i] = 0;
224 		p->pend[i] = 0;
225 	}
226 	g->csetsize = NC;
227 	g->sets = NULL;
228 	g->setbits = NULL;
229 	g->ncsets = 0;
230 	g->cflags = cflags;
231 	g->iflags = 0;
232 	g->nbol = 0;
233 	g->neol = 0;
234 	g->must = NULL;
235 	g->mlen = 0;
236 	g->nsub = 0;
237 	g->ncategories = 1;	/* category 0 is "everything else" */
238 	g->categories = &g->catspace[-(CHAR_MIN)];
239 	(void) memset((char *)g->catspace, 0, NC*sizeof(cat_t));
240 	g->backrefs = 0;
241 
242 	/* do it */
243 	EMIT(OEND, 0);
244 	g->firststate = THERE();
245 	if (cflags&REG_EXTENDED)
246 		p_ere(p, OUT);
247 	else if (cflags&REG_NOSPEC)
248 		p_str(p);
249 	else
250 		p_bre(p, OUT, OUT);
251 	EMIT(OEND, 0);
252 	g->laststate = THERE();
253 
254 	/* tidy up loose ends and fill things in */
255 	categorize(p, g);
256 	stripsnug(p, g);
257 	findmust(p, g);
258 	g->nplus = pluscount(p, g);
259 	g->magic = MAGIC2;
260 	preg->re_nsub = g->nsub;
261 	preg->re_g = g;
262 	preg->re_magic = MAGIC1;
263 #ifndef REDEBUG
264 	/* not debugging, so can't rely on the assert() in regexec() */
265 	if (g->iflags&BAD)
266 		SETERROR(REG_ASSERT);
267 #endif
268 
269 	/* win or lose, we're done */
270 	if (p->error != 0)	/* lose */
271 		regfree(preg);
272 	return(p->error);
273 }
274 
275 /*
276  - p_ere - ERE parser top level, concatenation and alternation
277  == static void p_ere(register struct parse *p, int stop);
278  */
279 static void
280 p_ere(p, stop)
281 register struct parse *p;
282 int stop;			/* character this ERE should end at */
283 {
284 	register char c;
285 	register sopno prevback;
286 	register sopno prevfwd;
287 	register sopno conc;
288 	register int first = 1;		/* is this the first alternative? */
289 
290 	for (;;) {
291 		/* do a bunch of concatenated expressions */
292 		conc = HERE();
293 		while (MORE() && (c = PEEK()) != '|' && c != stop)
294 			p_ere_exp(p);
295 		REQUIRE(HERE() != conc, REG_EMPTY);	/* require nonempty */
296 
297 		if (!EAT('|'))
298 			break;		/* NOTE BREAK OUT */
299 
300 		if (first) {
301 			INSERT(OCH_, conc);	/* offset is wrong */
302 			prevfwd = conc;
303 			prevback = conc;
304 			first = 0;
305 		}
306 		ASTERN(OOR1, prevback);
307 		prevback = THERE();
308 		AHEAD(prevfwd);			/* fix previous offset */
309 		prevfwd = HERE();
310 		EMIT(OOR2, 0);			/* offset is very wrong */
311 	}
312 
313 	if (!first) {		/* tail-end fixups */
314 		AHEAD(prevfwd);
315 		ASTERN(O_CH, prevback);
316 	}
317 
318 	assert(!MORE() || SEE(stop));
319 }
320 
321 /*
322  - p_ere_exp - parse one subERE, an atom possibly followed by a repetition op
323  == static void p_ere_exp(register struct parse *p);
324  */
325 static void
326 p_ere_exp(p)
327 register struct parse *p;
328 {
329 	register char c;
330 	register sopno pos;
331 	register int count;
332 	register int count2;
333 	register sopno subno;
334 	int wascaret = 0;
335 
336 	assert(MORE());		/* caller should have ensured this */
337 	c = GETNEXT();
338 
339 	pos = HERE();
340 	switch (c) {
341 	case '(':
342 		REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EPAREN);
343 		p->g->nsub++;
344 		subno = p->g->nsub;
345 		if (subno < NPAREN)
346 			p->pbegin[subno] = HERE();
347 		EMIT(OLPAREN, subno);
348 		if (!SEE(')'))
349 			p_ere(p, ')');
350 		if (subno < NPAREN) {
351 			p->pend[subno] = HERE();
352 			assert(p->pend[subno] != 0);
353 		}
354 		EMIT(ORPAREN, subno);
355 		MUSTEAT(')', REG_EPAREN);
356 		break;
357 #ifndef POSIX_MISTAKE
358 	case ')':		/* happens only if no current unmatched ( */
359 		/*
360 		 * You may ask, why the ifndef?  Because I didn't notice
361 		 * this until slightly too late for 1003.2, and none of the
362 		 * other 1003.2 regular-expression reviewers noticed it at
363 		 * all.  So an unmatched ) is legal POSIX, at least until
364 		 * we can get it fixed.
365 		 */
366 		SETERROR(REG_EPAREN);
367 		break;
368 #endif
369 	case '^':
370 		EMIT(OBOL, 0);
371 		p->g->iflags |= USEBOL;
372 		p->g->nbol++;
373 		wascaret = 1;
374 		break;
375 	case '$':
376 		EMIT(OEOL, 0);
377 		p->g->iflags |= USEEOL;
378 		p->g->neol++;
379 		break;
380 	case '|':
381 		SETERROR(REG_EMPTY);
382 		break;
383 	case '*':
384 	case '+':
385 	case '?':
386 		SETERROR(REG_BADRPT);
387 		break;
388 	case '.':
389 		if (p->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE)
390 			nonnewline(p);
391 		else
392 			EMIT(OANY, 0);
393 		break;
394 	case '[':
395 		p_bracket(p);
396 		break;
397 	case '\\':
398 		REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EESCAPE);
399 		c = GETNEXT();
400 		ordinary(p, c);
401 		break;
402 	case '{':		/* okay as ordinary except if digit follows */
403 		REQUIRE(!MORE() || !isdigit((uch)PEEK()), REG_BADRPT);
404 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
405 	default:
406 		ordinary(p, c);
407 		break;
408 	}
409 
410 	if (!MORE())
411 		return;
412 	c = PEEK();
413 	/* we call { a repetition if followed by a digit */
414 	if (!( c == '*' || c == '+' || c == '?' ||
415 				(c == '{' && MORE2() && isdigit((uch)PEEK2())) ))
416 		return;		/* no repetition, we're done */
417 	NEXT();
418 
419 	REQUIRE(!wascaret, REG_BADRPT);
420 	switch (c) {
421 	case '*':	/* implemented as +? */
422 		/* this case does not require the (y|) trick, noKLUDGE */
423 		INSERT(OPLUS_, pos);
424 		ASTERN(O_PLUS, pos);
425 		INSERT(OQUEST_, pos);
426 		ASTERN(O_QUEST, pos);
427 		break;
428 	case '+':
429 		INSERT(OPLUS_, pos);
430 		ASTERN(O_PLUS, pos);
431 		break;
432 	case '?':
433 		/* KLUDGE: emit y? as (y|) until subtle bug gets fixed */
434 		INSERT(OCH_, pos);		/* offset slightly wrong */
435 		ASTERN(OOR1, pos);		/* this one's right */
436 		AHEAD(pos);			/* fix the OCH_ */
437 		EMIT(OOR2, 0);			/* offset very wrong... */
438 		AHEAD(THERE());			/* ...so fix it */
439 		ASTERN(O_CH, THERETHERE());
440 		break;
441 	case '{':
442 		count = p_count(p);
443 		if (EAT(',')) {
444 			if (isdigit((uch)PEEK())) {
445 				count2 = p_count(p);
446 				REQUIRE(count <= count2, REG_BADBR);
447 			} else		/* single number with comma */
448 				count2 = INFINITY;
449 		} else		/* just a single number */
450 			count2 = count;
451 		repeat(p, pos, count, count2);
452 		if (!EAT('}')) {	/* error heuristics */
453 			while (MORE() && PEEK() != '}')
454 				NEXT();
455 			REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EBRACE);
456 			SETERROR(REG_BADBR);
457 		}
458 		break;
459 	}
460 
461 	if (!MORE())
462 		return;
463 	c = PEEK();
464 	if (!( c == '*' || c == '+' || c == '?' ||
465 				(c == '{' && MORE2() && isdigit((uch)PEEK2())) ) )
466 		return;
467 	SETERROR(REG_BADRPT);
468 }
469 
470 /*
471  - p_str - string (no metacharacters) "parser"
472  == static void p_str(register struct parse *p);
473  */
474 static void
475 p_str(p)
476 register struct parse *p;
477 {
478 	REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EMPTY);
479 	while (MORE())
480 		ordinary(p, GETNEXT());
481 }
482 
483 /*
484  - p_bre - BRE parser top level, anchoring and concatenation
485  == static void p_bre(register struct parse *p, register int end1, \
486  ==	register int end2);
487  * Giving end1 as OUT essentially eliminates the end1/end2 check.
488  *
489  * This implementation is a bit of a kludge, in that a trailing $ is first
490  * taken as an ordinary character and then revised to be an anchor.  The
491  * only undesirable side effect is that '$' gets included as a character
492  * category in such cases.  This is fairly harmless; not worth fixing.
493  * The amount of lookahead needed to avoid this kludge is excessive.
494  */
495 static void
496 p_bre(p, end1, end2)
497 register struct parse *p;
498 register int end1;		/* first terminating character */
499 register int end2;		/* second terminating character */
500 {
501 	register sopno start = HERE();
502 	register int first = 1;			/* first subexpression? */
503 	register int wasdollar = 0;
504 
505 	if (EAT('^')) {
506 		EMIT(OBOL, 0);
507 		p->g->iflags |= USEBOL;
508 		p->g->nbol++;
509 	}
510 	while (MORE() && !SEETWO(end1, end2)) {
511 		wasdollar = p_simp_re(p, first);
512 		first = 0;
513 	}
514 	if (wasdollar) {	/* oops, that was a trailing anchor */
515 		DROP(1);
516 		EMIT(OEOL, 0);
517 		p->g->iflags |= USEEOL;
518 		p->g->neol++;
519 	}
520 
521 	REQUIRE(HERE() != start, REG_EMPTY);	/* require nonempty */
522 }
523 
524 /*
525  - p_simp_re - parse a simple RE, an atom possibly followed by a repetition
526  == static int p_simp_re(register struct parse *p, int starordinary);
527  */
528 static int			/* was the simple RE an unbackslashed $? */
529 p_simp_re(p, starordinary)
530 register struct parse *p;
531 int starordinary;		/* is a leading * an ordinary character? */
532 {
533 	register int c;
534 	register int count;
535 	register int count2;
536 	register sopno pos;
537 	register int i;
538 	register sopno subno;
539 #	define	BACKSL	(1<<CHAR_BIT)
540 
541 	pos = HERE();		/* repetion op, if any, covers from here */
542 
543 	assert(MORE());		/* caller should have ensured this */
544 	c = GETNEXT();
545 	if (c == '\\') {
546 		REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EESCAPE);
547 		c = BACKSL | GETNEXT();
548 	}
549 	switch (c) {
550 	case '.':
551 		if (p->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE)
552 			nonnewline(p);
553 		else
554 			EMIT(OANY, 0);
555 		break;
556 	case '[':
557 		p_bracket(p);
558 		break;
559 	case BACKSL|'{':
560 		SETERROR(REG_BADRPT);
561 		break;
562 	case BACKSL|'(':
563 		p->g->nsub++;
564 		subno = p->g->nsub;
565 		if (subno < NPAREN)
566 			p->pbegin[subno] = HERE();
567 		EMIT(OLPAREN, subno);
568 		/* the MORE here is an error heuristic */
569 		if (MORE() && !SEETWO('\\', ')'))
570 			p_bre(p, '\\', ')');
571 		if (subno < NPAREN) {
572 			p->pend[subno] = HERE();
573 			assert(p->pend[subno] != 0);
574 		}
575 		EMIT(ORPAREN, subno);
576 		REQUIRE(EATTWO('\\', ')'), REG_EPAREN);
577 		break;
578 	case BACKSL|')':	/* should not get here -- must be user */
579 	case BACKSL|'}':
580 		SETERROR(REG_EPAREN);
581 		break;
582 	case BACKSL|'1':
583 	case BACKSL|'2':
584 	case BACKSL|'3':
585 	case BACKSL|'4':
586 	case BACKSL|'5':
587 	case BACKSL|'6':
588 	case BACKSL|'7':
589 	case BACKSL|'8':
590 	case BACKSL|'9':
591 		i = (c&~BACKSL) - '0';
592 		assert(i < NPAREN);
593 		if (p->pend[i] != 0) {
594 			assert(i <= p->g->nsub);
595 			EMIT(OBACK_, i);
596 			assert(p->pbegin[i] != 0);
597 			assert(OP(p->strip[p->pbegin[i]]) == OLPAREN);
598 			assert(OP(p->strip[p->pend[i]]) == ORPAREN);
599 			(void) dupl(p, p->pbegin[i]+1, p->pend[i]);
600 			EMIT(O_BACK, i);
601 		} else
602 			SETERROR(REG_ESUBREG);
603 		p->g->backrefs = 1;
604 		break;
605 	case '*':
606 		REQUIRE(starordinary, REG_BADRPT);
607 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
608 	default:
609 		ordinary(p, (char)c);
610 		break;
611 	}
612 
613 	if (EAT('*')) {		/* implemented as +? */
614 		/* this case does not require the (y|) trick, noKLUDGE */
615 		INSERT(OPLUS_, pos);
616 		ASTERN(O_PLUS, pos);
617 		INSERT(OQUEST_, pos);
618 		ASTERN(O_QUEST, pos);
619 	} else if (EATTWO('\\', '{')) {
620 		count = p_count(p);
621 		if (EAT(',')) {
622 			if (MORE() && isdigit((uch)PEEK())) {
623 				count2 = p_count(p);
624 				REQUIRE(count <= count2, REG_BADBR);
625 			} else		/* single number with comma */
626 				count2 = INFINITY;
627 		} else		/* just a single number */
628 			count2 = count;
629 		repeat(p, pos, count, count2);
630 		if (!EATTWO('\\', '}')) {	/* error heuristics */
631 			while (MORE() && !SEETWO('\\', '}'))
632 				NEXT();
633 			REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EBRACE);
634 			SETERROR(REG_BADBR);
635 		}
636 	} else if (c == '$')	/* $ (but not \$) ends it */
637 		return(1);
638 
639 	return(0);
640 }
641 
642 /*
643  - p_count - parse a repetition count
644  == static int p_count(register struct parse *p);
645  */
646 static int			/* the value */
647 p_count(p)
648 register struct parse *p;
649 {
650 	register int count = 0;
651 	register int ndigits = 0;
652 
653 	while (MORE() && isdigit((uch)PEEK()) && count <= DUPMAX) {
654 		count = count*10 + (GETNEXT() - '0');
655 		ndigits++;
656 	}
657 
658 	REQUIRE(ndigits > 0 && count <= DUPMAX, REG_BADBR);
659 	return(count);
660 }
661 
662 /*
663  - p_bracket - parse a bracketed character list
664  == static void p_bracket(register struct parse *p);
665  *
666  * Note a significant property of this code:  if the allocset() did SETERROR,
667  * no set operations are done.
668  */
669 static void
670 p_bracket(p)
671 register struct parse *p;
672 {
673 	register cset *cs = allocset(p);
674 	register int invert = 0;
675 
676 	/* Dept of Truly Sickening Special-Case Kludges */
677 	if (p->next + 5 < p->end && strncmp(p->next, "[:<:]]", 6) == 0) {
678 		EMIT(OBOW, 0);
679 		NEXTn(6);
680 		return;
681 	}
682 	if (p->next + 5 < p->end && strncmp(p->next, "[:>:]]", 6) == 0) {
683 		EMIT(OEOW, 0);
684 		NEXTn(6);
685 		return;
686 	}
687 
688 	if (EAT('^'))
689 		invert++;	/* make note to invert set at end */
690 	if (EAT(']'))
691 		CHadd(cs, ']');
692 	else if (EAT('-'))
693 		CHadd(cs, '-');
694 	while (MORE() && PEEK() != ']' && !SEETWO('-', ']'))
695 		p_b_term(p, cs);
696 	if (EAT('-'))
697 		CHadd(cs, '-');
698 	MUSTEAT(']', REG_EBRACK);
699 
700 	if (p->error != 0)	/* don't mess things up further */
701 		return;
702 
703 	if (p->g->cflags&REG_ICASE) {
704 		register int i;
705 		register int ci;
706 
707 		for (i = p->g->csetsize - 1; i >= 0; i--)
708 			if (CHIN(cs, i) && isalpha(i)) {
709 				ci = othercase(i);
710 				if (ci != i)
711 					CHadd(cs, ci);
712 			}
713 		if (cs->multis != NULL)
714 			mccase(p, cs);
715 	}
716 	if (invert) {
717 		register int i;
718 
719 		for (i = p->g->csetsize - 1; i >= 0; i--)
720 			if (CHIN(cs, i))
721 				CHsub(cs, i);
722 			else
723 				CHadd(cs, i);
724 		if (p->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE)
725 			CHsub(cs, '\n');
726 		if (cs->multis != NULL)
727 			mcinvert(p, cs);
728 	}
729 
730 	assert(cs->multis == NULL);		/* xxx */
731 
732 	if (nch(p, cs) == 1) {		/* optimize singleton sets */
733 		ordinary(p, firstch(p, cs));
734 		freeset(p, cs);
735 	} else
736 		EMIT(OANYOF, freezeset(p, cs));
737 }
738 
739 /*
740  - p_b_term - parse one term of a bracketed character list
741  == static void p_b_term(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
742  */
743 static void
744 p_b_term(p, cs)
745 register struct parse *p;
746 register cset *cs;
747 {
748 	register char c;
749 	register char start, finish;
750 	register int i;
751 
752 	/* classify what we've got */
753 	switch ((MORE()) ? PEEK() : '\0') {
754 	case '[':
755 		c = (MORE2()) ? PEEK2() : '\0';
756 		break;
757 	case '-':
758 		SETERROR(REG_ERANGE);
759 		return;			/* NOTE RETURN */
760 		break;
761 	default:
762 		c = '\0';
763 		break;
764 	}
765 
766 	switch (c) {
767 	case ':':		/* character class */
768 		NEXT2();
769 		REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EBRACK);
770 		c = PEEK();
771 		REQUIRE(c != '-' && c != ']', REG_ECTYPE);
772 		p_b_cclass(p, cs);
773 		REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EBRACK);
774 		REQUIRE(EATTWO(':', ']'), REG_ECTYPE);
775 		break;
776 	case '=':		/* equivalence class */
777 		NEXT2();
778 		REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EBRACK);
779 		c = PEEK();
780 		REQUIRE(c != '-' && c != ']', REG_ECOLLATE);
781 		p_b_eclass(p, cs);
782 		REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EBRACK);
783 		REQUIRE(EATTWO('=', ']'), REG_ECOLLATE);
784 		break;
785 	default:		/* symbol, ordinary character, or range */
786 /* xxx revision needed for multichar stuff */
787 		start = p_b_symbol(p);
788 		if (SEE('-') && MORE2() && PEEK2() != ']') {
789 			/* range */
790 			NEXT();
791 			if (EAT('-'))
792 				finish = '-';
793 			else
794 				finish = p_b_symbol(p);
795 		} else
796 			finish = start;
797 /* xxx what about signed chars here... */
798 		REQUIRE(start <= finish, REG_ERANGE);
799 		for (i = start; i <= finish; i++)
800 			CHadd(cs, i);
801 		break;
802 	}
803 }
804 
805 /*
806  - p_b_cclass - parse a character-class name and deal with it
807  == static void p_b_cclass(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
808  */
809 static void
810 p_b_cclass(p, cs)
811 register struct parse *p;
812 register cset *cs;
813 {
814 	register char *sp = p->next;
815 	register struct cclass *cp;
816 	register size_t len;
817 	register char *u;
818 	register char c;
819 
820 	while (MORE() && isalpha(PEEK()))
821 		NEXT();
822 	len = p->next - sp;
823 	for (cp = cclasses; cp->name != NULL; cp++)
824 		if (strncmp(cp->name, sp, len) == 0 && cp->name[len] == '\0')
825 			break;
826 	if (cp->name == NULL) {
827 		/* oops, didn't find it */
828 		SETERROR(REG_ECTYPE);
829 		return;
830 	}
831 
832 	u = cp->chars;
833 	while ((c = *u++) != '\0')
834 		CHadd(cs, c);
835 	for (u = cp->multis; *u != '\0'; u += strlen(u) + 1)
836 		MCadd(p, cs, u);
837 }
838 
839 /*
840  - p_b_eclass - parse an equivalence-class name and deal with it
841  == static void p_b_eclass(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
842  *
843  * This implementation is incomplete. xxx
844  */
845 static void
846 p_b_eclass(p, cs)
847 register struct parse *p;
848 register cset *cs;
849 {
850 	register char c;
851 
852 	c = p_b_coll_elem(p, '=');
853 	CHadd(cs, c);
854 }
855 
856 /*
857  - p_b_symbol - parse a character or [..]ed multicharacter collating symbol
858  == static char p_b_symbol(register struct parse *p);
859  */
860 static char			/* value of symbol */
861 p_b_symbol(p)
862 register struct parse *p;
863 {
864 	register char value;
865 
866 	REQUIRE(MORE(), REG_EBRACK);
867 	if (!EATTWO('[', '.'))
868 		return(GETNEXT());
869 
870 	/* collating symbol */
871 	value = p_b_coll_elem(p, '.');
872 	REQUIRE(EATTWO('.', ']'), REG_ECOLLATE);
873 	return(value);
874 }
875 
876 /*
877  - p_b_coll_elem - parse a collating-element name and look it up
878  == static char p_b_coll_elem(register struct parse *p, int endc);
879  */
880 static char			/* value of collating element */
881 p_b_coll_elem(p, endc)
882 register struct parse *p;
883 int endc;			/* name ended by endc,']' */
884 {
885 	register char *sp = p->next;
886 	register struct cname *cp;
887 	register int len;
888 
889 	while (MORE() && !SEETWO(endc, ']'))
890 		NEXT();
891 	if (!MORE()) {
892 		SETERROR(REG_EBRACK);
893 		return(0);
894 	}
895 	len = p->next - sp;
896 	for (cp = cnames; cp->name != NULL; cp++)
897 		if (strncmp(cp->name, sp, len) == 0 && cp->name[len] == '\0')
898 			return(cp->code);	/* known name */
899 	if (len == 1)
900 		return(*sp);	/* single character */
901 	SETERROR(REG_ECOLLATE);			/* neither */
902 	return(0);
903 }
904 
905 /*
906  - othercase - return the case counterpart of an alphabetic
907  == static char othercase(int ch);
908  */
909 static char			/* if no counterpart, return ch */
910 othercase(ch)
911 int ch;
912 {
913 	ch = (uch)ch;
914 	assert(isalpha(ch));
915 	if (isupper(ch))
916 		return(tolower(ch));
917 	else if (islower(ch))
918 		return(toupper(ch));
919 	else			/* peculiar, but could happen */
920 		return(ch);
921 }
922 
923 /*
924  - bothcases - emit a dualcase version of a two-case character
925  == static void bothcases(register struct parse *p, int ch);
926  *
927  * Boy, is this implementation ever a kludge...
928  */
929 static void
930 bothcases(p, ch)
931 register struct parse *p;
932 int ch;
933 {
934 	register char *oldnext = p->next;
935 	register char *oldend = p->end;
936 	char bracket[3];
937 
938 	ch = (uch)ch;
939 	assert(othercase(ch) != ch);	/* p_bracket() would recurse */
940 	p->next = bracket;
941 	p->end = bracket+2;
942 	bracket[0] = ch;
943 	bracket[1] = ']';
944 	bracket[2] = '\0';
945 	p_bracket(p);
946 	assert(p->next == bracket+2);
947 	p->next = oldnext;
948 	p->end = oldend;
949 }
950 
951 /*
952  - ordinary - emit an ordinary character
953  == static void ordinary(register struct parse *p, register int ch);
954  */
955 static void
956 ordinary(p, ch)
957 register struct parse *p;
958 register int ch;
959 {
960 	register cat_t *cap = p->g->categories;
961 
962 	if ((p->g->cflags&REG_ICASE) && isalpha((uch)ch) && othercase(ch) != ch)
963 		bothcases(p, ch);
964 	else {
965 		EMIT(OCHAR, (uch)ch);
966 		if (cap[ch] == 0)
967 			cap[ch] = p->g->ncategories++;
968 	}
969 }
970 
971 /*
972  - nonnewline - emit REG_NEWLINE version of OANY
973  == static void nonnewline(register struct parse *p);
974  *
975  * Boy, is this implementation ever a kludge...
976  */
977 static void
978 nonnewline(p)
979 register struct parse *p;
980 {
981 	register char *oldnext = p->next;
982 	register char *oldend = p->end;
983 	char bracket[4];
984 
985 	p->next = bracket;
986 	p->end = bracket+3;
987 	bracket[0] = '^';
988 	bracket[1] = '\n';
989 	bracket[2] = ']';
990 	bracket[3] = '\0';
991 	p_bracket(p);
992 	assert(p->next == bracket+3);
993 	p->next = oldnext;
994 	p->end = oldend;
995 }
996 
997 /*
998  - repeat - generate code for a bounded repetition, recursively if needed
999  == static void repeat(register struct parse *p, sopno start, int from, int to);
1000  */
1001 static void
1002 repeat(p, start, from, to)
1003 register struct parse *p;
1004 sopno start;			/* operand from here to end of strip */
1005 int from;			/* repeated from this number */
1006 int to;				/* to this number of times (maybe INFINITY) */
1007 {
1008 	register sopno finish = HERE();
1009 #	define	N	2
1010 #	define	INF	3
1011 #	define	REP(f, t)	((f)*8 + (t))
1012 #	define	MAP(n)	(((n) <= 1) ? (n) : ((n) == INFINITY) ? INF : N)
1013 	register sopno copy;
1014 
1015 	if (p->error != 0)	/* head off possible runaway recursion */
1016 		return;
1017 
1018 	assert(from <= to);
1019 
1020 	switch (REP(MAP(from), MAP(to))) {
1021 	case REP(0, 0):			/* must be user doing this */
1022 		DROP(finish-start);	/* drop the operand */
1023 		break;
1024 	case REP(0, 1):			/* as x{1,1}? */
1025 	case REP(0, N):			/* as x{1,n}? */
1026 	case REP(0, INF):		/* as x{1,}? */
1027 		/* KLUDGE: emit y? as (y|) until subtle bug gets fixed */
1028 		INSERT(OCH_, start);		/* offset is wrong... */
1029 		repeat(p, start+1, 1, to);
1030 		ASTERN(OOR1, start);
1031 		AHEAD(start);			/* ... fix it */
1032 		EMIT(OOR2, 0);
1033 		AHEAD(THERE());
1034 		ASTERN(O_CH, THERETHERE());
1035 		break;
1036 	case REP(1, 1):			/* trivial case */
1037 		/* done */
1038 		break;
1039 	case REP(1, N):			/* as x?x{1,n-1} */
1040 		/* KLUDGE: emit y? as (y|) until subtle bug gets fixed */
1041 		INSERT(OCH_, start);
1042 		ASTERN(OOR1, start);
1043 		AHEAD(start);
1044 		EMIT(OOR2, 0);			/* offset very wrong... */
1045 		AHEAD(THERE());			/* ...so fix it */
1046 		ASTERN(O_CH, THERETHERE());
1047 		copy = dupl(p, start+1, finish+1);
1048 		assert(copy == finish+4);
1049 		repeat(p, copy, 1, to-1);
1050 		break;
1051 	case REP(1, INF):		/* as x+ */
1052 		INSERT(OPLUS_, start);
1053 		ASTERN(O_PLUS, start);
1054 		break;
1055 	case REP(N, N):			/* as xx{m-1,n-1} */
1056 		copy = dupl(p, start, finish);
1057 		repeat(p, copy, from-1, to-1);
1058 		break;
1059 	case REP(N, INF):		/* as xx{n-1,INF} */
1060 		copy = dupl(p, start, finish);
1061 		repeat(p, copy, from-1, to);
1062 		break;
1063 	default:			/* "can't happen" */
1064 		SETERROR(REG_ASSERT);	/* just in case */
1065 		break;
1066 	}
1067 }
1068 
1069 /*
1070  - seterr - set an error condition
1071  == static int seterr(register struct parse *p, int e);
1072  */
1073 static int			/* useless but makes type checking happy */
1074 seterr(p, e)
1075 register struct parse *p;
1076 int e;
1077 {
1078 	if (p->error == 0)	/* keep earliest error condition */
1079 		p->error = e;
1080 	p->next = nuls;		/* try to bring things to a halt */
1081 	p->end = nuls;
1082 	return(0);		/* make the return value well-defined */
1083 }
1084 
1085 /*
1086  - allocset - allocate a set of characters for []
1087  == static cset *allocset(register struct parse *p);
1088  */
1089 static cset *
1090 allocset(p)
1091 register struct parse *p;
1092 {
1093 	register int no = p->g->ncsets++;
1094 	register size_t nc;
1095 	register size_t nbytes;
1096 	register cset *cs;
1097 	register size_t css = (size_t)p->g->csetsize;
1098 	register int i;
1099 
1100 	if (no >= p->ncsalloc) {	/* need another column of space */
1101 		p->ncsalloc += CHAR_BIT;
1102 		nc = p->ncsalloc;
1103 		assert(nc % CHAR_BIT == 0);
1104 		nbytes = nc / CHAR_BIT * css;
1105 		if (p->g->sets == NULL)
1106 			p->g->sets = (cset *)malloc(nc * sizeof(cset));
1107 		else {
1108 			cset *ptr;
1109 			ptr = (cset *)realloc((char *)p->g->sets,
1110 			    nc * sizeof(cset));
1111 			if (ptr == NULL) {
1112 				free(p->g->sets);
1113 				p->g->sets = NULL;
1114 			} else
1115 				p->g->sets = ptr;
1116 		}
1117 		if (p->g->sets == NULL)
1118 			goto nomem;
1119 
1120 		if (p->g->setbits == NULL)
1121 			p->g->setbits = (uch *)malloc(nbytes);
1122 		else {
1123 			uch *ptr;
1124 
1125 			ptr = (uch *)realloc((char *)p->g->setbits, nbytes);
1126 			if (ptr == NULL) {
1127 				free(p->g->setbits);
1128 				p->g->setbits = NULL;
1129 			} else {
1130 				p->g->setbits = ptr;
1131 
1132 				for (i = 0; i < no; i++)
1133 					p->g->sets[i].ptr = p->g->setbits +
1134 					    css*(i/CHAR_BIT);
1135 			}
1136 		}
1137 
1138 		if (p->g->sets == NULL || p->g->setbits == NULL) {
1139 nomem:
1140 			no = 0;
1141 			SETERROR(REG_ESPACE);
1142 			/* caller's responsibility not to do set ops */
1143 		} else
1144 			(void) memset((char *)p->g->setbits + (nbytes - css),
1145 			    0, css);
1146 	}
1147 
1148 	assert(p->g->sets != NULL);	/* xxx */
1149 	if (p->g->sets != NULL && p->g->setbits != NULL) {
1150 		cs = &p->g->sets[no];
1151 		cs->ptr = p->g->setbits + css*((no)/CHAR_BIT);
1152 	}
1153 	cs->mask = 1 << ((no) % CHAR_BIT);
1154 	cs->hash = 0;
1155 	cs->smultis = 0;
1156 	cs->multis = NULL;
1157 
1158 	return(cs);
1159 }
1160 
1161 /*
1162  - freeset - free a now-unused set
1163  == static void freeset(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
1164  */
1165 static void
1166 freeset(p, cs)
1167 register struct parse *p;
1168 register cset *cs;
1169 {
1170 	register int i;
1171 	register cset *top = &p->g->sets[p->g->ncsets];
1172 	register size_t css = (size_t)p->g->csetsize;
1173 
1174 	for (i = 0; i < css; i++)
1175 		CHsub(cs, i);
1176 	if (cs == top-1)	/* recover only the easy case */
1177 		p->g->ncsets--;
1178 }
1179 
1180 /*
1181  - freezeset - final processing on a set of characters
1182  == static int freezeset(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
1183  *
1184  * The main task here is merging identical sets.  This is usually a waste
1185  * of time (although the hash code minimizes the overhead), but can win
1186  * big if REG_ICASE is being used.  REG_ICASE, by the way, is why the hash
1187  * is done using addition rather than xor -- all ASCII [aA] sets xor to
1188  * the same value!
1189  */
1190 static int			/* set number */
1191 freezeset(p, cs)
1192 register struct parse *p;
1193 register cset *cs;
1194 {
1195 	register uch h = cs->hash;
1196 	register int i;
1197 	register cset *top = &p->g->sets[p->g->ncsets];
1198 	register cset *cs2;
1199 	register size_t css = (size_t)p->g->csetsize;
1200 
1201 	/* look for an earlier one which is the same */
1202 	for (cs2 = &p->g->sets[0]; cs2 < top; cs2++)
1203 		if (cs2->hash == h && cs2 != cs) {
1204 			/* maybe */
1205 			for (i = 0; i < css; i++)
1206 				if (!!CHIN(cs2, i) != !!CHIN(cs, i))
1207 					break;		/* no */
1208 			if (i == css)
1209 				break;			/* yes */
1210 		}
1211 
1212 	if (cs2 < top) {	/* found one */
1213 		freeset(p, cs);
1214 		cs = cs2;
1215 	}
1216 
1217 	return((int)(cs - p->g->sets));
1218 }
1219 
1220 /*
1221  - firstch - return first character in a set (which must have at least one)
1222  == static int firstch(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
1223  */
1224 static int			/* character; there is no "none" value */
1225 firstch(p, cs)
1226 register struct parse *p;
1227 register cset *cs;
1228 {
1229 	register int i;
1230 	register size_t css = (size_t)p->g->csetsize;
1231 
1232 	for (i = 0; i < css; i++)
1233 		if (CHIN(cs, i))
1234 			return((char)i);
1235 	assert(never);
1236 	return(0);		/* arbitrary */
1237 }
1238 
1239 /*
1240  - nch - number of characters in a set
1241  == static int nch(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
1242  */
1243 static int
1244 nch(p, cs)
1245 register struct parse *p;
1246 register cset *cs;
1247 {
1248 	register int i;
1249 	register size_t css = (size_t)p->g->csetsize;
1250 	register int n = 0;
1251 
1252 	for (i = 0; i < css; i++)
1253 		if (CHIN(cs, i))
1254 			n++;
1255 	return(n);
1256 }
1257 
1258 /*
1259  - mcadd - add a collating element to a cset
1260  == static void mcadd(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs, \
1261  ==	register char *cp);
1262  */
1263 static void
1264 mcadd(p, cs, cp)
1265 register struct parse *p;
1266 register cset *cs;
1267 register char *cp;
1268 {
1269 	register size_t oldend = cs->smultis;
1270 	void *np;
1271 
1272 	cs->smultis += strlen(cp) + 1;
1273 	if (cs->multis == NULL)
1274 		np = malloc(cs->smultis);
1275 	else
1276 		np = realloc(cs->multis, cs->smultis);
1277 	if (np == NULL) {
1278 		if (cs->multis)
1279 			free(cs->multis);
1280 		cs->multis = NULL;
1281 		SETERROR(REG_ESPACE);
1282 		return;
1283 	}
1284 	cs->multis = np;
1285 
1286 	strlcpy(cs->multis + oldend - 1, cp, cs->smultis - oldend + 1);
1287 }
1288 
1289 /*
1290  - mcinvert - invert the list of collating elements in a cset
1291  == static void mcinvert(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
1292  *
1293  * This would have to know the set of possibilities.  Implementation
1294  * is deferred.
1295  */
1296 /* ARGSUSED */
1297 static void
1298 mcinvert(p, cs)
1299 register struct parse *p;
1300 register cset *cs;
1301 {
1302 	assert(cs->multis == NULL);	/* xxx */
1303 }
1304 
1305 /*
1306  - mccase - add case counterparts of the list of collating elements in a cset
1307  == static void mccase(register struct parse *p, register cset *cs);
1308  *
1309  * This would have to know the set of possibilities.  Implementation
1310  * is deferred.
1311  */
1312 /* ARGSUSED */
1313 static void
1314 mccase(p, cs)
1315 register struct parse *p;
1316 register cset *cs;
1317 {
1318 	assert(cs->multis == NULL);	/* xxx */
1319 }
1320 
1321 /*
1322  - isinsets - is this character in any sets?
1323  == static int isinsets(register struct re_guts *g, int c);
1324  */
1325 static int			/* predicate */
1326 isinsets(g, c)
1327 register struct re_guts *g;
1328 int c;
1329 {
1330 	register uch *col;
1331 	register int i;
1332 	register int ncols = (g->ncsets+(CHAR_BIT-1)) / CHAR_BIT;
1333 	register unsigned uc = (uch)c;
1334 
1335 	for (i = 0, col = g->setbits; i < ncols; i++, col += g->csetsize)
1336 		if (col[uc] != 0)
1337 			return(1);
1338 	return(0);
1339 }
1340 
1341 /*
1342  - samesets - are these two characters in exactly the same sets?
1343  == static int samesets(register struct re_guts *g, int c1, int c2);
1344  */
1345 static int			/* predicate */
1346 samesets(g, c1, c2)
1347 register struct re_guts *g;
1348 int c1;
1349 int c2;
1350 {
1351 	register uch *col;
1352 	register int i;
1353 	register int ncols = (g->ncsets+(CHAR_BIT-1)) / CHAR_BIT;
1354 	register unsigned uc1 = (uch)c1;
1355 	register unsigned uc2 = (uch)c2;
1356 
1357 	for (i = 0, col = g->setbits; i < ncols; i++, col += g->csetsize)
1358 		if (col[uc1] != col[uc2])
1359 			return(0);
1360 	return(1);
1361 }
1362 
1363 /*
1364  - categorize - sort out character categories
1365  == static void categorize(struct parse *p, register struct re_guts *g);
1366  */
1367 static void
1368 categorize(p, g)
1369 struct parse *p;
1370 register struct re_guts *g;
1371 {
1372 	register cat_t *cats = g->categories;
1373 	register int c;
1374 	register int c2;
1375 	register cat_t cat;
1376 
1377 	/* avoid making error situations worse */
1378 	if (p->error != 0)
1379 		return;
1380 
1381 	for (c = CHAR_MIN; c <= CHAR_MAX; c++)
1382 		if (cats[c] == 0 && isinsets(g, c)) {
1383 			cat = g->ncategories++;
1384 			cats[c] = cat;
1385 			for (c2 = c+1; c2 <= CHAR_MAX; c2++)
1386 				if (cats[c2] == 0 && samesets(g, c, c2))
1387 					cats[c2] = cat;
1388 		}
1389 }
1390 
1391 /*
1392  - dupl - emit a duplicate of a bunch of sops
1393  == static sopno dupl(register struct parse *p, sopno start, sopno finish);
1394  */
1395 static sopno			/* start of duplicate */
1396 dupl(p, start, finish)
1397 register struct parse *p;
1398 sopno start;			/* from here */
1399 sopno finish;			/* to this less one */
1400 {
1401 	register sopno ret = HERE();
1402 	register sopno len = finish - start;
1403 
1404 	assert(finish >= start);
1405 	if (len == 0)
1406 		return(ret);
1407 	enlarge(p, p->ssize + len);	/* this many unexpected additions */
1408 	assert(p->ssize >= p->slen + len);
1409 	(void) memcpy((char *)(p->strip + p->slen),
1410 		(char *)(p->strip + start), (size_t)len*sizeof(sop));
1411 	p->slen += len;
1412 	return(ret);
1413 }
1414 
1415 /*
1416  - doemit - emit a strip operator
1417  == static void doemit(register struct parse *p, sop op, size_t opnd);
1418  *
1419  * It might seem better to implement this as a macro with a function as
1420  * hard-case backup, but it's just too big and messy unless there are
1421  * some changes to the data structures.  Maybe later.
1422  */
1423 static void
1424 doemit(p, op, opnd)
1425 register struct parse *p;
1426 sop op;
1427 size_t opnd;
1428 {
1429 	/* avoid making error situations worse */
1430 	if (p->error != 0)
1431 		return;
1432 
1433 	/* deal with oversize operands ("can't happen", more or less) */
1434 	assert(opnd < 1<<OPSHIFT);
1435 
1436 	/* deal with undersized strip */
1437 	if (p->slen >= p->ssize)
1438 		enlarge(p, (p->ssize+1) / 2 * 3);	/* +50% */
1439 	assert(p->slen < p->ssize);
1440 
1441 	/* finally, it's all reduced to the easy case */
1442 	p->strip[p->slen++] = SOP(op, opnd);
1443 }
1444 
1445 /*
1446  - doinsert - insert a sop into the strip
1447  == static void doinsert(register struct parse *p, sop op, size_t opnd, sopno pos);
1448  */
1449 static void
1450 doinsert(p, op, opnd, pos)
1451 register struct parse *p;
1452 sop op;
1453 size_t opnd;
1454 sopno pos;
1455 {
1456 	register sopno sn;
1457 	register sop s;
1458 	register int i;
1459 
1460 	/* avoid making error situations worse */
1461 	if (p->error != 0)
1462 		return;
1463 
1464 	sn = HERE();
1465 	EMIT(op, opnd);		/* do checks, ensure space */
1466 	assert(HERE() == sn+1);
1467 	s = p->strip[sn];
1468 
1469 	/* adjust paren pointers */
1470 	assert(pos > 0);
1471 	for (i = 1; i < NPAREN; i++) {
1472 		if (p->pbegin[i] >= pos) {
1473 			p->pbegin[i]++;
1474 		}
1475 		if (p->pend[i] >= pos) {
1476 			p->pend[i]++;
1477 		}
1478 	}
1479 
1480 	memmove((char *)&p->strip[pos+1], (char *)&p->strip[pos],
1481 						(HERE()-pos-1)*sizeof(sop));
1482 	p->strip[pos] = s;
1483 }
1484 
1485 /*
1486  - dofwd - complete a forward reference
1487  == static void dofwd(register struct parse *p, sopno pos, sop value);
1488  */
1489 static void
1490 dofwd(p, pos, value)
1491 register struct parse *p;
1492 register sopno pos;
1493 sop value;
1494 {
1495 	/* avoid making error situations worse */
1496 	if (p->error != 0)
1497 		return;
1498 
1499 	assert(value < 1<<OPSHIFT);
1500 	p->strip[pos] = OP(p->strip[pos]) | value;
1501 }
1502 
1503 /*
1504  - enlarge - enlarge the strip
1505  == static void enlarge(register struct parse *p, sopno size);
1506  */
1507 static void
1508 enlarge(p, size)
1509 register struct parse *p;
1510 register sopno size;
1511 {
1512 	register sop *sp;
1513 
1514 	if (p->ssize >= size)
1515 		return;
1516 
1517 	sp = (sop *)realloc(p->strip, size*sizeof(sop));
1518 	if (sp == NULL) {
1519 		SETERROR(REG_ESPACE);
1520 		return;
1521 	}
1522 	p->strip = sp;
1523 	p->ssize = size;
1524 }
1525 
1526 /*
1527  - stripsnug - compact the strip
1528  == static void stripsnug(register struct parse *p, register struct re_guts *g);
1529  */
1530 static void
1531 stripsnug(p, g)
1532 register struct parse *p;
1533 register struct re_guts *g;
1534 {
1535 	g->nstates = p->slen;
1536 	g->strip = (sop *)realloc((char *)p->strip, p->slen * sizeof(sop));
1537 	if (g->strip == NULL) {
1538 		SETERROR(REG_ESPACE);
1539 		g->strip = p->strip;
1540 	}
1541 }
1542 
1543 /*
1544  - findmust - fill in must and mlen with longest mandatory literal string
1545  == static void findmust(register struct parse *p, register struct re_guts *g);
1546  *
1547  * This algorithm could do fancy things like analyzing the operands of |
1548  * for common subsequences.  Someday.  This code is simple and finds most
1549  * of the interesting cases.
1550  *
1551  * Note that must and mlen got initialized during setup.
1552  */
1553 static void
1554 findmust(p, g)
1555 struct parse *p;
1556 register struct re_guts *g;
1557 {
1558 	register sop *scan;
1559 	sop *start;
1560 	register sop *newstart;
1561 	register sopno newlen;
1562 	register sop s;
1563 	register char *cp;
1564 	register sopno i;
1565 
1566 	/* avoid making error situations worse */
1567 	if (p->error != 0)
1568 		return;
1569 
1570 	/* find the longest OCHAR sequence in strip */
1571 	newlen = 0;
1572 	scan = g->strip + 1;
1573 	do {
1574 		s = *scan++;
1575 		switch (OP(s)) {
1576 		case OCHAR:		/* sequence member */
1577 			if (newlen == 0)		/* new sequence */
1578 				newstart = scan - 1;
1579 			newlen++;
1580 			break;
1581 		case OPLUS_:		/* things that don't break one */
1582 		case OLPAREN:
1583 		case ORPAREN:
1584 			break;
1585 		case OQUEST_:		/* things that must be skipped */
1586 		case OCH_:
1587 			scan--;
1588 			do {
1589 				scan += OPND(s);
1590 				s = *scan;
1591 				/* assert() interferes w debug printouts */
1592 				if (OP(s) != O_QUEST && OP(s) != O_CH &&
1593 							OP(s) != OOR2) {
1594 					g->iflags |= BAD;
1595 					return;
1596 				}
1597 			} while (OP(s) != O_QUEST && OP(s) != O_CH);
1598 			/* fallthrough */
1599 		default:		/* things that break a sequence */
1600 			if (newlen > g->mlen) {		/* ends one */
1601 				start = newstart;
1602 				g->mlen = newlen;
1603 			}
1604 			newlen = 0;
1605 			break;
1606 		}
1607 	} while (OP(s) != OEND);
1608 
1609 	if (g->mlen == 0)		/* there isn't one */
1610 		return;
1611 
1612 	/* turn it into a character string */
1613 	g->must = malloc((size_t)g->mlen + 1);
1614 	if (g->must == NULL) {		/* argh; just forget it */
1615 		g->mlen = 0;
1616 		return;
1617 	}
1618 	cp = g->must;
1619 	scan = start;
1620 	for (i = g->mlen; i > 0; i--) {
1621 		while (OP(s = *scan++) != OCHAR)
1622 			continue;
1623 		assert(cp < g->must + g->mlen);
1624 		*cp++ = (char)OPND(s);
1625 	}
1626 	assert(cp == g->must + g->mlen);
1627 	*cp++ = '\0';		/* just on general principles */
1628 }
1629 
1630 /*
1631  - pluscount - count + nesting
1632  == static sopno pluscount(register struct parse *p, register struct re_guts *g);
1633  */
1634 static sopno			/* nesting depth */
1635 pluscount(p, g)
1636 struct parse *p;
1637 register struct re_guts *g;
1638 {
1639 	register sop *scan;
1640 	register sop s;
1641 	register sopno plusnest = 0;
1642 	register sopno maxnest = 0;
1643 
1644 	if (p->error != 0)
1645 		return(0);	/* there may not be an OEND */
1646 
1647 	scan = g->strip + 1;
1648 	do {
1649 		s = *scan++;
1650 		switch (OP(s)) {
1651 		case OPLUS_:
1652 			plusnest++;
1653 			break;
1654 		case O_PLUS:
1655 			if (plusnest > maxnest)
1656 				maxnest = plusnest;
1657 			plusnest--;
1658 			break;
1659 		}
1660 	} while (OP(s) != OEND);
1661 	if (plusnest != 0)
1662 		g->iflags |= BAD;
1663 	return(maxnest);
1664 }
1665