1.\" $NetBSD: intro.3,v 1.34 2018/05/11 12:54:56 sevan Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" @(#)intro.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 31.\" 32.Dd May 11, 2018 33.Dt INTRO 3 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm intro 37.Nd introduction to the system libraries 38.Sh DESCRIPTION 39This section provides an overview of the system libraries, their 40functions, error returns and other common definitions and concepts. 41Most of these functions are available from the standard C library, 42.Em libc . 43Other libraries, such as the math library, 44.Em libm , 45must be indicated at compile time with the 46.Fl l 47option of the compiler. 48.\" .Pp 49.\" A subset of the 50.\" .Xr libc functions 51.\" are available from Fortran; 52.\" they are described separately in 53.\" .Xr intro 3f . 54.Pp 55The various system libraries supplied in 56.Nx 57(followed by the linker flags) are: 58.Bl -tag -width "libc (-lc)" 59.It Em libasn1 Pq Fl l Ns Ar asn1 60The abstract syntax notation (ASN) library provides routines for the 61specification of abstract data types. 62.It Em libbz2 Pq Fl l Ns Ar bz2 63Block-sorting compressor library providing routines for fast and 64efficient compression. 65.It Em libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c 66The standard C library. 67When using the C compiler 68.Xr cc 1 , 69it is not necessary to supply the linker flag 70.Fl l Ns Ar c 71for these functions. 72There are several subsystems included inside 73.Em libc : 74.Bl -tag -width "XXXXXX" 75.It standard I/O routines 76see 77.Xr stdio 3 78.It database routines 79see 80.Xr db 3 81.It bit operators 82see 83.Xr bitstring 3 84.It string operators 85see 86.Xr string 3 87.It character tests and character operators 88.It Tn encryption and hash routines 89see 90.Xr md4 3 91and 92.Xr md5 3 . 93.It storage allocation 94see 95.Xr mpool 3 96and 97.Xr malloc 3 98.It time functions 99see 100.Xr time 3 101.It signal handling 102see 103.Xr signal 3 104.El 105.It Em libcom_err Pq Fl l Ns Ar com_err 106The common error description library. 107See 108.Xr com_err 3 . 109.It Em libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat 110Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with 111.Bx 4.3 . 112In particular, a number of system call interfaces provided in previous 113releases of 114.Bx 115have been included for source code compatibility. 116Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided. 117The manual page entry 118for each compatibility routine indicates the proper interface to use. 119.It Em libcrypt Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypt 120The crypt library. 121See 122.Xr crypt 3 . 123.It Em libcrypto Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypto 124The OpenSSL cryptographic library. 125See 126.Xr crypto 3 . 127.It Em libcurses Pq Fl l Ns Ar curses Fl l Ns Ar terminfo 128Terminal independent screen management routines 129for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals. 130See 131.Xr curses 3 . 132.It Em libdes Pq Fl l Ns Ar des 133The OpenSSL cryptographic library for the DES algorithms. 134See 135.Xr des 3 . 136.It Em libdm Pq Fl l Ns Ar dm 137The device-mapper driver access library used for communication with 138kernel driver 139.Xr dm 4 140and for 141.Xr lvm 8 142subsystem. 143.It Em libedit Pq Fl l Ns Ar edit 144The command-line editor or editline library. 145The editline library provides generic editing and history functions. 146See 147.Xr editline 3 . 148.It Em libform Pq Fl l Ns Ar form 149The curses form library provides a terminal-independent form system 150using the curses library. 151The form library provides facilities for defining forms on terminals. 152See 153.Xr forms 3 . 154.It Em libgssapi Pq Fl l Ns Ar gssapi 155The Generic Security Services (GSS) API library. 156This library provides 157verification services to applications and usually sits above the 158cryptographic libraries. 159.It Em libhesiod Pq Fl l Ns Ar hesiod 160The Hesiod library. 161This library provides routines for performing 162lookups of Hesiod information, which is stored as text records in the 163Domain Name Service. 164See 165.Xr hesiod 3 . 166.It Em libhdb Pq Fl l Ns Ar hdb 167The Heimdal Kerberos 5 authentication/authorisation database access 168library. 169.It Em libintl Pq Fl l Ns Ar intl 170The internationalized message handling library. 171See 172.Xr gettext 3 . 173.It Em libipsec Pq Fl l Ns Ar ipsec 174The IPsec policy control library. 175See 176.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 177and 178.Xr ipsec_strerror 3 . 179.It Em libkadm5clnt Pq Fl l Ns Ar kadm5clnt 180The Kerberos 5 administration client library. 181.It Em libkadm5srv Pq Fl l Ns Ar kadm5srv 182The Kerberos 5 administration server library. 183See 184.Xr kadm5_pwcheck 3 . 185.It Em libkafs Pq Fl l Ns Ar kafs 186The Kerberos IV AFS library. 187See 188.Xr kafs 3 . 189.It Em libkdb Pq Fl l Ns Ar kdb 190The Kerberos IV authentication/authorisation database access library. 191.It Em libkrb Pq Fl l Ns Ar krb 192The Kerberos IV library. 193.It Em libkrb5 Pq Fl l Ns Ar krb5 194The Kerberos 5 library. 195See 196.Xr krb5 3 . 197.It Em libkstream Pq Fl l Ns Ar kstream 198Kerberos IV encrypted stream library. 199.It Em libkvm Pq Fl l Ns Ar kvm 200Kernel data access library. 201See 202.Xr kvm 3 . 203.It Em libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l 204The library for 205.Xr lex 1 . 206.It Em libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m 207The math library. 208See 209.Xr math 3 . 210.\" The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler 211.\" .Xr pc 1 , 212.\" but not by the C compiler which requires the 213.\" .Fl l Ns Ar m 214.\" flag (see 215.\" .Xr math 3 ) . 216.\" .It Em libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp 217.\" .It Em libom 218.\" Old math library. 219.\" .It Em libplot Pq Fl l Ns Ar plot 220.\" Device independent plotting functions (see 221.\" .Xr plot 3 ) . 222.\" .It Em libplotf77 Pq Fl l Ns Ar plotf77 223.\" The device independent plotting functions for fortran (see 224.\" .Xr plot 3 ) . 225.\" .It Em libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv 226.\" Routines for network address resolution. 227.It Em libmenu Pq Fl l Ns Ar menu 228The curses menu library. 229See 230.Xr menus 3 . 231.It Em libpanel Pq Fl l Ns Ar panel 232The curses panel library. 233See 234.Xr panel 3 . 235.It Em libpcap Pq Fl l Ns Ar pcap 236The packet capture library. 237See 238.Xr pcap 3 . 239.It Em libpci Pq Fl l Ns Ar pci 240The PCI bus access library. 241See 242.Xr pci 3 . 243.It Em libposix Pq Fl l Ns Ar posix 244The POSIX compatibility library provides a compatibility interface for 245POSIX functions which differ from the standard BSD interfaces. 246See 247.Xr chown 2 248and 249.Xr rename 2 . 250.It Em libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv 251The DNS resolver library. 252.It Em librmt Pq Fl l Ns Ar rmt 253Remote magnetic tape library. 254See 255.Xr rmtops 3 . 256.It Em libroken Pq Fl l Ns Ar roken 257A library containing compatibility functions used by Kerberos. 258It implements functionality required by the Kerberos implementation not 259implemented in the standard 260.Nx 261libraries. 262.It Em librpcsvc Pq Fl l Ns Ar rpcsvc 263The Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services library. 264See 265.Xr rpc 3 . 266.It Em libskey Pq Fl l Ns Ar skey 267The S/Key one-time password library. 268See 269.Xr skey 3 . 270.It Em libsl Pq Fl l Ns Ar sl 271.It Em libss Pq Fl l Ns Ar ss 272.It Em libssl Pq Fl l Ns Ar ssl 273The secure sockets layer (SSL) library. 274See 275.Xr ssl 3 . 276.It Em libtelnet Pq Fl l Ns Ar telnet 277The telnet library. 278.It Em libterminfo Pq Fl l Ns Ar terminfo 279The terminal-independent operation library. 280See 281.Xr terminfo 3 . 282.It Em libusbhid Pq Fl l Ns Ar usbhid 283The Universal Serial Bus (USB) Human Interface Devices access library. 284See 285.Xr libusbhid 3 . 286.It Em libutil Pq Fl l Ns Ar util 287The system utilities library. 288See 289.Xr util 3 . 290.It Em libwrap Pq Fl l Ns Ar wrap 291The TCP wrappers library. 292See 293.Xr hosts_access 3 . 294.It Em liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y 295The library for 296.Xr yacc 1 . 297.It Em libz Pq Fl l Ns Ar z 298General-purpose compression library. 299See 300.Xr zlib 3 . 301.El 302.Sh SEE ALSO 303.Xr cc 1 , 304.Xr ld 1 , 305.Xr nm 1 , 306.Xr rtld 1 , 307.Xr intro 2 308.Sh HISTORY 309An 310.Nm 311manual appeared in 312.At v7 . 313