xref: /netbsd-src/lib/libpthread/pthread_cond.c (revision 8b0f9554ff8762542c4defc4f70e1eb76fb508fa)
1 /*	$NetBSD: pthread_cond.c,v 1.39 2007/11/19 15:14:12 ad Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2006, 2007 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Nathan J. Williams and Andrew Doran.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
19  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
20  *        This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
21  *        Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
22  * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
23  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
24  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
27  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
28  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
29  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
30  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
31  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
32  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
33  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
34  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
35  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
36  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 
39 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: pthread_cond.c,v 1.39 2007/11/19 15:14:12 ad Exp $");
41 
42 #include <errno.h>
43 #include <sys/time.h>
44 #include <sys/types.h>
45 
46 #include "pthread.h"
47 #include "pthread_int.h"
48 
49 int	_sys_nanosleep(const struct timespec *, struct timespec *);
50 
51 extern int pthread__started;
52 
53 static int pthread_cond_wait_nothread(pthread_t, pthread_mutex_t *,
54     const struct timespec *);
55 
56 __strong_alias(__libc_cond_init,pthread_cond_init)
57 __strong_alias(__libc_cond_signal,pthread_cond_signal)
58 __strong_alias(__libc_cond_broadcast,pthread_cond_broadcast)
59 __strong_alias(__libc_cond_wait,pthread_cond_wait)
60 __strong_alias(__libc_cond_timedwait,pthread_cond_timedwait)
61 __strong_alias(__libc_cond_destroy,pthread_cond_destroy)
62 
63 int
64 pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, const pthread_condattr_t *attr)
65 {
66 
67 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid condition variable attribute",
68 	    (attr == NULL) || (attr->ptca_magic == _PT_CONDATTR_MAGIC));
69 
70 	cond->ptc_magic = _PT_COND_MAGIC;
71 	pthread_lockinit(&cond->ptc_lock);
72 	PTQ_INIT(&cond->ptc_waiters);
73 	cond->ptc_mutex = NULL;
74 
75 	return 0;
76 }
77 
78 
79 int
80 pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond)
81 {
82 
83 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid condition variable",
84 	    cond->ptc_magic == _PT_COND_MAGIC);
85 	pthread__error(EBUSY, "Destroying condition variable in use",
86 	    cond->ptc_mutex == NULL);
87 
88 	cond->ptc_magic = _PT_COND_DEAD;
89 
90 	return 0;
91 }
92 
93 
94 int
95 pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
96 {
97 	pthread_t self;
98 
99 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid condition variable",
100 	    cond->ptc_magic == _PT_COND_MAGIC);
101 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid mutex",
102 	    mutex->ptm_magic == _PT_MUTEX_MAGIC);
103 	pthread__error(EPERM, "Mutex not locked in condition wait",
104 	    mutex->ptm_owner != NULL);
105 
106 	self = pthread__self();
107 
108 	/* Just hang out for a while if threads aren't running yet. */
109 	if (__predict_false(pthread__started == 0))
110 		return pthread_cond_wait_nothread(self, mutex, NULL);
111 
112 	if (__predict_false(self->pt_cancel))
113 		pthread_exit(PTHREAD_CANCELED);
114 
115 	/*
116 	 * Note this thread as waiting on the CV.  To ensure good
117 	 * performance it's critical that the spinlock is held for
118 	 * as short a time as possible - that means no system calls.
119 	 */
120 	pthread__spinlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
121 #ifdef ERRORCHECK
122 	if (cond->ptc_mutex == NULL)
123 		cond->ptc_mutex = mutex;
124 	else {
125 		pthread__error(EINVAL,
126 		    "Multiple mutexes used for condition wait",
127 		    cond->ptc_mutex == mutex);
128 	}
129 #else
130 	cond->ptc_mutex = mutex;
131 #endif
132 	PTQ_INSERT_HEAD(&cond->ptc_waiters, self, pt_sleep);
133 	self->pt_signalled = 0;
134 	self->pt_sleeponq = 1;
135 	self->pt_sleepobj = &cond->ptc_waiters;
136 	pthread__spinunlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
137 
138  	/*
139  	 * Before releasing the mutex, note that this thread is
140  	 * about to block by setting the willpark flag.  If there
141  	 * is a single waiter on the mutex, setting the flag will
142  	 * defer restarting it until calling into the kernel to
143  	 * park, saving a syscall & involuntary context switch.
144  	 */
145 	self->pt_willpark = 1;
146 	pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
147 	(void)pthread__park(self, &cond->ptc_lock, &cond->ptc_waiters,
148 	    NULL, 1, &mutex->ptm_blocked);
149 	pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
150 
151 	/*
152 	 * If we awoke abnormally the waiters list will have been
153 	 * made empty by the current thread (in pthread__park()),
154 	 * so we can check the value safely without locking.
155 	 *
156 	 * Otherwise, it will have been updated by whichever thread
157 	 * last issued a wakeup.
158 	 */
159 	if (PTQ_EMPTY(&cond->ptc_waiters) && cond->ptc_mutex != NULL) {
160 		pthread__spinlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
161 		if (PTQ_EMPTY(&cond->ptc_waiters))
162 			cond->ptc_mutex = NULL;
163 		pthread__spinunlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
164 	}
165 
166 	/*
167 	 * If we have cancelled then exit.  POSIX dictates that the
168 	 * mutex must be held when we action the cancellation.
169 	 */
170 	if (__predict_false(self->pt_cancel)) {
171 		if (self->pt_signalled)
172 			pthread_cond_signal(cond);
173 		pthread_exit(PTHREAD_CANCELED);
174 	}
175 
176 	return 0;
177 }
178 
179 int
180 pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex,
181     const struct timespec *abstime)
182 {
183 	pthread_t self;
184 	int retval;
185 
186 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid condition variable",
187 	    cond->ptc_magic == _PT_COND_MAGIC);
188 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid mutex",
189 	    mutex->ptm_magic == _PT_MUTEX_MAGIC);
190 	pthread__error(EPERM, "Mutex not locked in condition wait",
191 	    mutex->ptm_owner != NULL);
192 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid wait time",
193 	    (abstime->tv_sec >= 0) &&
194 	    (abstime->tv_nsec >= 0) && (abstime->tv_nsec < 1000000000));
195 
196 	self = pthread__self();
197 
198 	/* Just hang out for a while if threads aren't running yet. */
199 	if (__predict_false(pthread__started == 0))
200 		return pthread_cond_wait_nothread(self, mutex, abstime);
201 
202 	if (__predict_false(self->pt_cancel))
203 		pthread_exit(PTHREAD_CANCELED);
204 
205 	/*
206 	 * Note this thread as waiting on the CV.  To ensure good
207 	 * performance it's critical that the spinlock is held for
208 	 * as short a time as possible - that means no system calls.
209 	 */
210 	pthread__spinlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
211 #ifdef ERRORCHECK
212 	if (cond->ptc_mutex == NULL)
213 		cond->ptc_mutex = mutex;
214 	else {
215 		pthread__error(EINVAL,
216 		    "Multiple mutexes used for condition wait",
217 		    cond->ptc_mutex == mutex);
218 	}
219 #else
220 	cond->ptc_mutex = mutex;
221 #endif
222 	PTQ_INSERT_HEAD(&cond->ptc_waiters, self, pt_sleep);
223 	self->pt_signalled = 0;
224 	self->pt_sleeponq = 1;
225 	self->pt_sleepobj = &cond->ptc_waiters;
226 	pthread__spinunlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
227 
228  	/*
229  	 * Before releasing the mutex, note that this thread is
230  	 * about to block by setting the willpark flag.  If there
231  	 * is a single waiter on the mutex, setting the flag will
232  	 * defer restarting it until calling into the kernel to
233  	 * park, saving a syscall & involuntary context switch.
234  	 */
235 	self->pt_willpark = 1;
236 	pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
237 	retval = pthread__park(self, &cond->ptc_lock, &cond->ptc_waiters,
238 	    abstime, 1, &mutex->ptm_blocked);
239 	pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
240 
241 	/*
242 	 * If we awoke abnormally the waiters list will have been
243 	 * made empty by the current thread (in pthread__park()),
244 	 * so we can check the value safely without locking.
245 	 *
246 	 * Otherwise, it will have been updated by whichever thread
247 	 * last issued a wakeup.
248 	 */
249 	if (PTQ_EMPTY(&cond->ptc_waiters) && cond->ptc_mutex != NULL) {
250 		pthread__spinlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
251 		if (PTQ_EMPTY(&cond->ptc_waiters))
252 			cond->ptc_mutex = NULL;
253 		pthread__spinunlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
254 	}
255 
256 	/*
257 	 * If we have cancelled then exit.  POSIX dictates that the
258 	 * mutex must be held when we action the cancellation.
259 	 */
260 	if (__predict_false(self->pt_cancel | retval)) {
261 		if (self->pt_signalled)
262 			pthread_cond_signal(cond);
263 		if (self->pt_cancel)
264 			pthread_exit(PTHREAD_CANCELED);
265 	}
266 
267 	return retval;
268 }
269 
270 int
271 pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond)
272 {
273 	pthread_t self, signaled;
274 	pthread_mutex_t *mutex;
275 
276 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid condition variable",
277 	    cond->ptc_magic == _PT_COND_MAGIC);
278 
279 	if (PTQ_EMPTY(&cond->ptc_waiters))
280 		return 0;
281 
282 	self = pthread__self();
283 	pthread__spinlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
284 
285 	/*
286 	 * Find a thread that is still blocked (no pending wakeup).
287 	 * A wakeup can be pending if we have interrupted unpark_all
288 	 * as it releases the interlock.
289 	 */
290 	PTQ_FOREACH(signaled, &cond->ptc_waiters, pt_sleep) {
291 		if (signaled->pt_sleepobj != NULL)
292 			break;
293 	}
294 	if (__predict_false(signaled == NULL)) {
295 		cond->ptc_mutex = NULL;
296 		pthread__spinunlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
297 		return 0;
298 	}
299 
300 	/*
301 	 * Pull the thread off the queue, and set pt_signalled.
302 	 *
303 	 * After resuming execution, the thread must check to see if it
304 	 * has been restarted as a result of pthread_cond_signal().  If it
305 	 * has, but cannot take the wakeup (because of eg a timeout) then
306 	 * try to ensure that another thread sees it.  This is necessary
307 	 * because there may be multiple waiters, and at least one should
308 	 * take the wakeup if possible.
309 	 */
310 	PTQ_REMOVE(&cond->ptc_waiters, signaled, pt_sleep);
311 	mutex = cond->ptc_mutex;
312 	if (PTQ_EMPTY(&cond->ptc_waiters))
313 		cond->ptc_mutex = NULL;
314 	signaled->pt_signalled = 1;
315 
316 	/*
317 	 * For all valid uses of pthread_cond_signal(), the caller will
318 	 * hold the mutex that the target is using to synchronize with.
319 	 * To avoid the target awakening and immediatley blocking on the
320 	 * mutex, transfer the thread to be awoken to the current thread's
321 	 * deferred wakeup list.  The waiter will be set running when the
322 	 * caller (this thread) releases the mutex.
323 	 */
324 	if (mutex != NULL && self->pt_nwaiters < pthread__unpark_max &&
325 	    pthread__mutex_deferwake(self, mutex)) {
326 		signaled->pt_sleepobj = NULL;
327 		signaled->pt_sleeponq = 0;
328 		pthread__spinunlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
329 		self->pt_waiters[self->pt_nwaiters++] = signaled->pt_lid;
330 	} else {
331 		pthread__unpark(self, &cond->ptc_lock,
332 		    &cond->ptc_waiters, signaled);
333 	}
334 
335 	return 0;
336 }
337 
338 
339 int
340 pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond)
341 {
342 	pthread_t self, signaled, next;
343 	pthread_mutex_t *mutex;
344 
345 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid condition variable",
346 	    cond->ptc_magic == _PT_COND_MAGIC);
347 
348 	if (PTQ_EMPTY(&cond->ptc_waiters))
349 		return 0;
350 
351 	self = pthread__self();
352 	pthread__spinlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
353 	mutex = cond->ptc_mutex;
354 	cond->ptc_mutex = NULL;
355 
356 	/*
357 	 * Try to defer waking threads (see pthread_cond_signal()).
358 	 * Only transfer waiters for which there is no pending wakeup.
359 	 */
360 	if (mutex != NULL && pthread__mutex_deferwake(self, mutex)) {
361 		for (signaled = PTQ_FIRST(&cond->ptc_waiters);
362 		    signaled != NULL;
363 		    signaled = next) {
364 		    	next = PTQ_NEXT(signaled, pt_sleep);
365 		    	if (__predict_false(signaled->pt_sleepobj == NULL))
366 		    		continue;
367 			if (self->pt_nwaiters == pthread__unpark_max) {
368 				/* Overflow, take the slow path. */
369 				break;
370 			}
371 		    	PTQ_REMOVE(&cond->ptc_waiters, signaled, pt_sleep);
372 			signaled->pt_sleepobj = NULL;
373 			signaled->pt_sleeponq = 0;
374 			self->pt_waiters[self->pt_nwaiters++] =
375 			    signaled->pt_lid;
376 		}
377 		if (signaled == NULL) {
378 			/* Anything more to do? */
379 			pthread__spinunlock(self, &cond->ptc_lock);
380 			return 0;
381 		}
382 	}
383 	pthread__unpark_all(self, &cond->ptc_lock, &cond->ptc_waiters);
384 	return 0;
385 }
386 
387 
388 int
389 pthread_condattr_init(pthread_condattr_t *attr)
390 {
391 
392 	attr->ptca_magic = _PT_CONDATTR_MAGIC;
393 
394 	return 0;
395 }
396 
397 
398 int
399 pthread_condattr_destroy(pthread_condattr_t *attr)
400 {
401 
402 	pthread__error(EINVAL, "Invalid condition variable attribute",
403 	    attr->ptca_magic == _PT_CONDATTR_MAGIC);
404 
405 	attr->ptca_magic = _PT_CONDATTR_DEAD;
406 
407 	return 0;
408 }
409 
410 /* Utility routine to hang out for a while if threads haven't started yet. */
411 static int
412 pthread_cond_wait_nothread(pthread_t self, pthread_mutex_t *mutex,
413     const struct timespec *abstime)
414 {
415 	struct timespec now, diff;
416 	int retval;
417 
418 	if (abstime == NULL) {
419 		diff.tv_sec = 99999999;
420 		diff.tv_nsec = 0;
421 	} else {
422 		clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now);
423 		if  (timespeccmp(abstime, &now, <))
424 			timespecclear(&diff);
425 		else
426 			timespecsub(abstime, &now, &diff);
427 	}
428 
429 	do {
430 		pthread__testcancel(self);
431 		pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
432 		retval = _sys_nanosleep(&diff, NULL);
433 		pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
434 	} while (abstime == NULL && retval == 0);
435 	pthread__testcancel(self);
436 
437 	if (retval == 0)
438 		return ETIMEDOUT;
439 	else
440 		/* spurious wakeup */
441 		return 0;
442 }
443