xref: /netbsd-src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.c (revision bfb6cb13d599546df69c7e4d20d70e22e15a549d)
1 /*	$NetBSD: malloc.c,v 1.48 2006/11/24 19:37:02 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5  * "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42):
6  * <phk@FreeBSD.ORG> wrote this file.  As long as you retain this notice you
7  * can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we meet some day, and you think
8  * this stuff is worth it, you can buy me a beer in return.   Poul-Henning Kamp
9  * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
10  *
11  * From FreeBSD: malloc.c,v 1.43 1998/09/30 06:13:59 jb
12  *
13  */
14 
15 /*
16  * Defining MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY will enable extra checks which are related
17  * to internal conditions and consistency in malloc.c. This has a
18  * noticeable runtime performance hit, and generally will not do you
19  * any good unless you fiddle with the internals of malloc or want
20  * to catch random pointer corruption as early as possible.
21  */
22 #ifndef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
23 #undef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
24 #endif
25 
26 /*
27  * What to use for Junk.  This is the byte value we use to fill with
28  * when the 'J' option is enabled.
29  */
30 #define SOME_JUNK	0xd0		/* as in "Duh" :-) */
31 
32 /*
33  * The basic parameters you can tweak.
34  *
35  * malloc_minsize	minimum size of an allocation in bytes.
36  *			If this is too small it's too much work
37  *			to manage them.  This is also the smallest
38  *			unit of alignment used for the storage
39  *			returned by malloc/realloc.
40  *
41  */
42 
43 #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
44 #   if defined(__i386__)
45 #       define malloc_minsize		16U
46 #   endif
47 #   if defined(__alpha__)
48 #       define malloc_minsize		16U
49 #   endif
50 #   define HAS_UTRACE
51 #   define UTRACE_LABEL
52 
53 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
54 void utrace(struct ut *, int);
55 
56     /*
57      * Make malloc/free/realloc thread-safe in libc for use with
58      * kernel threads.
59      */
60 #   include "libc_private.h"
61 #   include "spinlock.h"
62     static spinlock_t thread_lock	= _SPINLOCK_INITIALIZER;
63 #   define THREAD_LOCK()		if (__isthreaded) _SPINLOCK(&thread_lock);
64 #   define THREAD_UNLOCK()		if (__isthreaded) _SPINUNLOCK(&thread_lock);
65 #endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
66 
67 #if defined(__NetBSD__)
68 #   define malloc_minsize               16U
69 #   define HAS_UTRACE
70 #   define UTRACE_LABEL "malloc",
71 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
72 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
73 __RCSID("$NetBSD: malloc.c,v 1.48 2006/11/24 19:37:02 christos Exp $");
74 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
75 #include <sys/types.h>
76 int utrace(const char *, void *, size_t);
77 
78 #include <reentrant.h>
79 extern int __isthreaded;
80 static mutex_t thread_lock = MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
81 #define THREAD_LOCK()	if (__isthreaded) mutex_lock(&thread_lock);
82 #define THREAD_UNLOCK()	if (__isthreaded) mutex_unlock(&thread_lock);
83 #endif /* __NetBSD__ */
84 
85 #if defined(__sparc__) && defined(sun)
86 #   define malloc_minsize		16U
87 #   define MAP_ANON			(0)
88     static int fdzero;
89 #   define MMAP_FD	fdzero
90 #   define INIT_MMAP() \
91 	{ if ((fdzero=open("/dev/zero", O_RDWR, 0000)) == -1) \
92 	    wrterror("open of /dev/zero"); }
93 #endif /* __sparc__ */
94 
95 /* Insert your combination here... */
96 #if defined(__FOOCPU__) && defined(__BAROS__)
97 #   define malloc_minsize		16U
98 #endif /* __FOOCPU__ && __BAROS__ */
99 
100 
101 /*
102  * No user serviceable parts behind this point.
103  */
104 #include "namespace.h"
105 #include <sys/types.h>
106 #include <sys/mman.h>
107 #include <errno.h>
108 #include <fcntl.h>
109 #include <stddef.h>
110 #include <stdio.h>
111 #include <stdlib.h>
112 #include <string.h>
113 #include <unistd.h>
114 
115 /*
116  * This structure describes a page worth of chunks.
117  */
118 
119 struct pginfo {
120     struct pginfo	*next;	/* next on the free list */
121     void		*page;	/* Pointer to the page */
122     u_short		size;	/* size of this page's chunks */
123     u_short		shift;	/* How far to shift for this size chunks */
124     u_short		free;	/* How many free chunks */
125     u_short		total;	/* How many chunk */
126     u_int		bits[1]; /* Which chunks are free */
127 };
128 
129 /*
130  * This structure describes a number of free pages.
131  */
132 
133 struct pgfree {
134     struct pgfree	*next;	/* next run of free pages */
135     struct pgfree	*prev;	/* prev run of free pages */
136     void		*page;	/* pointer to free pages */
137     void		*end;	/* pointer to end of free pages */
138     size_t		size;	/* number of bytes free */
139 };
140 
141 /*
142  * How many bits per u_int in the bitmap.
143  * Change only if not 8 bits/byte
144  */
145 #define	MALLOC_BITS	((int)(8*sizeof(u_int)))
146 
147 /*
148  * Magic values to put in the page_directory
149  */
150 #define MALLOC_NOT_MINE	((struct pginfo*) 0)
151 #define MALLOC_FREE 	((struct pginfo*) 1)
152 #define MALLOC_FIRST	((struct pginfo*) 2)
153 #define MALLOC_FOLLOW	((struct pginfo*) 3)
154 #define MALLOC_MAGIC	((struct pginfo*) 4)
155 
156 /*
157  * Page size related parameters, computed at run-time.
158  */
159 static size_t malloc_pagesize;
160 static size_t malloc_pageshift;
161 static size_t malloc_pagemask;
162 
163 #ifndef malloc_minsize
164 #define malloc_minsize			16U
165 #endif
166 
167 #ifndef malloc_maxsize
168 #define malloc_maxsize			((malloc_pagesize)>>1)
169 #endif
170 
171 #define pageround(foo) (((foo) + (malloc_pagemask))&(~(malloc_pagemask)))
172 #define ptr2idx(foo) \
173     (((size_t)(uintptr_t)(foo) >> malloc_pageshift)-malloc_origo)
174 
175 #ifndef THREAD_LOCK
176 #define THREAD_LOCK()
177 #endif
178 
179 #ifndef THREAD_UNLOCK
180 #define THREAD_UNLOCK()
181 #endif
182 
183 #ifndef MMAP_FD
184 #define MMAP_FD (-1)
185 #endif
186 
187 #ifndef INIT_MMAP
188 #define INIT_MMAP()
189 #endif
190 
191 #ifndef MADV_FREE
192 #define MADV_FREE MADV_DONTNEED
193 #endif
194 
195 /* Set when initialization has been done */
196 static unsigned malloc_started;
197 
198 /* Recusion flag for public interface. */
199 static int malloc_active;
200 
201 /* Number of free pages we cache */
202 static unsigned malloc_cache = 16;
203 
204 /* The offset from pagenumber to index into the page directory */
205 static size_t malloc_origo;
206 
207 /* The last index in the page directory we care about */
208 static size_t last_idx;
209 
210 /* Pointer to page directory. Allocated "as if with" malloc */
211 static struct	pginfo **page_dir;
212 
213 /* How many slots in the page directory */
214 static unsigned	malloc_ninfo;
215 
216 /* Free pages line up here */
217 static struct pgfree free_list;
218 
219 /* Abort(), user doesn't handle problems.  */
220 static int malloc_abort;
221 
222 /* Are we trying to die ?  */
223 static int suicide;
224 
225 /* always realloc ?  */
226 static int malloc_realloc;
227 
228 /* pass the kernel a hint on free pages ?  */
229 static int malloc_hint = 0;
230 
231 /* xmalloc behaviour ?  */
232 static int malloc_xmalloc;
233 
234 /* sysv behaviour for malloc(0) ?  */
235 static int malloc_sysv;
236 
237 /* zero fill ?  */
238 static int malloc_zero;
239 
240 /* junk fill ?  */
241 static int malloc_junk;
242 
243 #ifdef HAS_UTRACE
244 
245 /* utrace ?  */
246 static int malloc_utrace;
247 
248 struct ut { void *p; size_t s; void *r; };
249 
250 #define UTRACE(a, b, c) \
251 	if (malloc_utrace) {			\
252 		struct ut u;			\
253 		u.p=a; u.s = b; u.r=c;		\
254 		utrace(UTRACE_LABEL (void *) &u, sizeof u);	\
255 	}
256 #else /* !HAS_UTRACE */
257 #define UTRACE(a,b,c)
258 #endif /* HAS_UTRACE */
259 
260 /* my last break. */
261 static void *malloc_brk;
262 
263 /* one location cache for free-list holders */
264 static struct pgfree *px;
265 
266 /* compile-time options */
267 char *malloc_options;
268 
269 /* Name of the current public function */
270 static const char *malloc_func;
271 
272 /* Macro for mmap */
273 #define MMAP(size) \
274 	mmap(0, (size), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, \
275 	    MMAP_FD, (off_t)0);
276 
277 /*
278  * Necessary function declarations
279  */
280 static int extend_pgdir(size_t idx);
281 static void *imalloc(size_t size);
282 static void ifree(void *ptr);
283 static void *irealloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
284 
285 static void
286 wrterror(const char *p)
287 {
288     const char *progname = getprogname();
289     const char *q = " error: ";
290     write(STDERR_FILENO, progname, strlen(progname));
291     write(STDERR_FILENO, malloc_func, strlen(malloc_func));
292     write(STDERR_FILENO, q, strlen(q));
293     write(STDERR_FILENO, p, strlen(p));
294     suicide = 1;
295     abort();
296 }
297 
298 static void
299 wrtwarning(const char *p)
300 {
301     const char *progname = getprogname();
302     const char *q = " warning: ";
303     if (malloc_abort)
304 	wrterror(p);
305     write(STDERR_FILENO, progname, strlen(progname));
306     write(STDERR_FILENO, malloc_func, strlen(malloc_func));
307     write(STDERR_FILENO, q, strlen(q));
308     write(STDERR_FILENO, p, strlen(p));
309 }
310 
311 /*
312  * Allocate a number of pages from the OS
313  */
314 static void *
315 map_pages(size_t pages)
316 {
317     caddr_t result, rresult, tail;
318     intptr_t bytes = pages << malloc_pageshift;
319 
320     if (bytes < 0 || (size_t)bytes < pages) {
321 	errno = ENOMEM;
322 	return NULL;
323     }
324 
325     if ((result = sbrk(bytes)) == (void *)-1)
326 	return NULL;
327 
328     /*
329      * Round to a page, in case sbrk(2) did not do this for us
330      */
331     rresult = (caddr_t)pageround((size_t)(uintptr_t)result);
332     if (result < rresult) {
333 	/* make sure we have enough space to fit bytes */
334 	if (sbrk((intptr_t)(rresult - result)) == (void *) -1) {
335 	    /* we failed, put everything back */
336 	    if (brk(result)) {
337 		wrterror("brk(2) failed [internal error]\n");
338 	    }
339 	}
340     }
341     tail = rresult + (size_t)bytes;
342 
343     last_idx = ptr2idx(tail) - 1;
344     malloc_brk = tail;
345 
346     if ((last_idx+1) >= malloc_ninfo && !extend_pgdir(last_idx)) {
347 	malloc_brk = result;
348 	last_idx = ptr2idx(malloc_brk) - 1;
349 	/* Put back break point since we failed. */
350 	if (brk(malloc_brk))
351 	    wrterror("brk(2) failed [internal error]\n");
352 	return 0;
353     }
354 
355     return rresult;
356 }
357 
358 /*
359  * Extend page directory
360  */
361 static int
362 extend_pgdir(size_t idx)
363 {
364     struct  pginfo **new, **old;
365     size_t newlen, oldlen;
366 
367     /* check for overflow */
368     if ((((~(1UL << ((sizeof(size_t) * NBBY) - 1)) / sizeof(*page_dir)) + 1)
369 	+ (malloc_pagesize / sizeof *page_dir)) < idx) {
370 	errno = ENOMEM;
371 	return 0;
372     }
373 
374     /* Make it this many pages */
375     newlen = pageround(idx * sizeof *page_dir) + malloc_pagesize;
376 
377     /* remember the old mapping size */
378     oldlen = malloc_ninfo * sizeof *page_dir;
379 
380     /*
381      * NOTE: we allocate new pages and copy the directory rather than tempt
382      * fate by trying to "grow" the region.. There is nothing to prevent
383      * us from accidentally re-mapping space that's been allocated by our caller
384      * via dlopen() or other mmap().
385      *
386      * The copy problem is not too bad, as there is 4K of page index per
387      * 4MB of malloc arena.
388      *
389      * We can totally avoid the copy if we open a file descriptor to associate
390      * the anon mappings with.  Then, when we remap the pages at the new
391      * address, the old pages will be "magically" remapped..  But this means
392      * keeping open a "secret" file descriptor.....
393      */
394 
395     /* Get new pages */
396     new = (struct pginfo**) MMAP(newlen);
397     if (new == MAP_FAILED)
398 	return 0;
399 
400     /* Copy the old stuff */
401     memcpy(new, page_dir, oldlen);
402 
403     /* register the new size */
404     malloc_ninfo = newlen / sizeof *page_dir;
405 
406     /* swap the pointers */
407     old = page_dir;
408     page_dir = new;
409 
410     /* Now free the old stuff */
411     munmap(old, oldlen);
412     return 1;
413 }
414 
415 /*
416  * Initialize the world
417  */
418 static void
419 malloc_init (void)
420 {
421     char *p, b[64];
422     int i, j;
423     int errnosave;
424 
425     /*
426      * Compute page-size related variables.
427      */
428     malloc_pagesize = (size_t)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
429     malloc_pagemask = malloc_pagesize - 1;
430     for (malloc_pageshift = 0;
431 	 (1UL << malloc_pageshift) != malloc_pagesize;
432 	 malloc_pageshift++)
433 	/* nothing */ ;
434 
435     INIT_MMAP();
436 
437 #ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
438     malloc_junk = 1;
439 #endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
440 
441     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
442 	if (i == 0) {
443 	    errnosave = errno;
444 	    j = readlink("/etc/malloc.conf", b, sizeof b - 1);
445 	    errno = errnosave;
446 	    if (j <= 0)
447 		continue;
448 	    b[j] = '\0';
449 	    p = b;
450 	} else if (i == 1) {
451 	    p = getenv("MALLOC_OPTIONS");
452 	} else {
453 	    p = malloc_options;
454 	}
455 	for (; p != NULL && *p != '\0'; p++) {
456 	    switch (*p) {
457 		case '>': malloc_cache   <<= 1; break;
458 		case '<': malloc_cache   >>= 1; break;
459 		case 'a': malloc_abort   = 0; break;
460 		case 'A': malloc_abort   = 1; break;
461 		case 'h': malloc_hint    = 0; break;
462 		case 'H': malloc_hint    = 1; break;
463 		case 'r': malloc_realloc = 0; break;
464 		case 'R': malloc_realloc = 1; break;
465 		case 'j': malloc_junk    = 0; break;
466 		case 'J': malloc_junk    = 1; break;
467 #ifdef HAS_UTRACE
468 		case 'u': malloc_utrace  = 0; break;
469 		case 'U': malloc_utrace  = 1; break;
470 #endif
471 		case 'v': malloc_sysv    = 0; break;
472 		case 'V': malloc_sysv    = 1; break;
473 		case 'x': malloc_xmalloc = 0; break;
474 		case 'X': malloc_xmalloc = 1; break;
475 		case 'z': malloc_zero    = 0; break;
476 		case 'Z': malloc_zero    = 1; break;
477 		default:
478 		    j = malloc_abort;
479 		    malloc_abort = 0;
480 		    wrtwarning("unknown char in MALLOC_OPTIONS.\n");
481 		    malloc_abort = j;
482 		    break;
483 	    }
484 	}
485     }
486 
487     UTRACE(0, 0, 0);
488 
489     /*
490      * We want junk in the entire allocation, and zero only in the part
491      * the user asked for.
492      */
493     if (malloc_zero)
494 	malloc_junk=1;
495 
496     /*
497      * If we run with junk (or implicitly from above: zero), we want to
498      * force realloc() to get new storage, so we can DTRT with it.
499      */
500     if (malloc_junk)
501 	malloc_realloc=1;
502 
503     /* Allocate one page for the page directory */
504     page_dir = (struct pginfo **) MMAP(malloc_pagesize);
505 
506     if (page_dir == MAP_FAILED)
507 	wrterror("mmap(2) failed, check limits.\n");
508 
509     /*
510      * We need a maximum of malloc_pageshift buckets, steal these from the
511      * front of the page_directory;
512      */
513     malloc_origo = pageround((size_t)(uintptr_t)sbrk((intptr_t)0))
514 	>> malloc_pageshift;
515     malloc_origo -= malloc_pageshift;
516 
517     malloc_ninfo = malloc_pagesize / sizeof *page_dir;
518 
519     /* Recalculate the cache size in bytes, and make sure it's nonzero */
520 
521     if (!malloc_cache)
522 	malloc_cache++;
523 
524     malloc_cache <<= malloc_pageshift;
525 
526     /*
527      * This is a nice hack from Kaleb Keithly (kaleb@x.org).
528      * We can sbrk(2) further back when we keep this on a low address.
529      */
530     px = (struct pgfree *) imalloc (sizeof *px);
531 
532     /* Been here, done that */
533     malloc_started++;
534 }
535 
536 /*
537  * Allocate a number of complete pages
538  */
539 static void *
540 malloc_pages(size_t size)
541 {
542     void *p, *delay_free = NULL;
543     size_t i;
544     struct pgfree *pf;
545     size_t idx;
546 
547     idx = pageround(size);
548     if (idx < size) {
549 	errno = ENOMEM;
550 	return NULL;
551     } else
552 	size = idx;
553 
554     p = NULL;
555 
556     /* Look for free pages before asking for more */
557     for(pf = free_list.next; pf; pf = pf->next) {
558 
559 #ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
560 	if (pf->size & malloc_pagemask)
561 	    wrterror("(ES): junk length entry on free_list.\n");
562 	if (!pf->size)
563 	    wrterror("(ES): zero length entry on free_list.\n");
564 	if (pf->page == pf->end)
565 	    wrterror("(ES): zero entry on free_list.\n");
566 	if (pf->page > pf->end)
567 	    wrterror("(ES): sick entry on free_list.\n");
568 	if ((void*)pf->page >= (void*)sbrk(0))
569 	    wrterror("(ES): entry on free_list past brk.\n");
570 	if (page_dir[ptr2idx(pf->page)] != MALLOC_FREE)
571 	    wrterror("(ES): non-free first page on free-list.\n");
572 	if (page_dir[ptr2idx(pf->end)-1] != MALLOC_FREE)
573 	    wrterror("(ES): non-free last page on free-list.\n");
574 #endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
575 
576 	if (pf->size < size)
577 	    continue;
578 
579 	if (pf->size == size) {
580 	    p = pf->page;
581 	    if (pf->next != NULL)
582 		    pf->next->prev = pf->prev;
583 	    pf->prev->next = pf->next;
584 	    delay_free = pf;
585 	    break;
586 	}
587 
588 	p = pf->page;
589 	pf->page = (char *)pf->page + size;
590 	pf->size -= size;
591 	break;
592     }
593 
594 #ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
595     if (p != NULL && page_dir[ptr2idx(p)] != MALLOC_FREE)
596 	wrterror("(ES): allocated non-free page on free-list.\n");
597 #endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
598 
599     size >>= malloc_pageshift;
600 
601     /* Map new pages */
602     if (p == NULL)
603 	p = map_pages(size);
604 
605     if (p != NULL) {
606 
607 	idx = ptr2idx(p);
608 	page_dir[idx] = MALLOC_FIRST;
609 	for (i=1;i<size;i++)
610 	    page_dir[idx+i] = MALLOC_FOLLOW;
611 
612 	if (malloc_junk)
613 	    memset(p, SOME_JUNK, size << malloc_pageshift);
614     }
615 
616     if (delay_free) {
617 	if (px == NULL)
618 	    px = delay_free;
619 	else
620 	    ifree(delay_free);
621     }
622 
623     return p;
624 }
625 
626 /*
627  * Allocate a page of fragments
628  */
629 
630 static inline int
631 malloc_make_chunks(int bits)
632 {
633     struct  pginfo *bp;
634     void *pp;
635     int i, k, l;
636 
637     /* Allocate a new bucket */
638     pp = malloc_pages(malloc_pagesize);
639     if (pp == NULL)
640 	return 0;
641 
642     /* Find length of admin structure */
643     l = (int)offsetof(struct pginfo, bits[0]);
644     l += sizeof bp->bits[0] *
645 	(((malloc_pagesize >> bits)+MALLOC_BITS-1) / MALLOC_BITS);
646 
647     /* Don't waste more than two chunks on this */
648     if ((1<<(bits)) <= l+l) {
649 	bp = (struct  pginfo *)pp;
650     } else {
651 	bp = (struct  pginfo *)imalloc((size_t)l);
652 	if (bp == NULL) {
653 	    ifree(pp);
654 	    return 0;
655 	}
656     }
657 
658     bp->size = (1<<bits);
659     bp->shift = bits;
660     bp->total = bp->free = malloc_pagesize >> bits;
661     bp->page = pp;
662 
663     /* set all valid bits in the bitmap */
664     k = bp->total;
665     i = 0;
666 
667     /* Do a bunch at a time */
668     for(;k-i >= MALLOC_BITS; i += MALLOC_BITS)
669 	bp->bits[i / MALLOC_BITS] = ~0U;
670 
671     for(; i < k; i++)
672         bp->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] |= 1<<(i%MALLOC_BITS);
673 
674     if (bp == bp->page) {
675 	/* Mark the ones we stole for ourselves */
676 	for(i=0;l > 0;i++) {
677 	    bp->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] &= ~(1<<(i%MALLOC_BITS));
678 	    bp->free--;
679 	    bp->total--;
680 	    l -= (1 << bits);
681 	}
682     }
683 
684     /* MALLOC_LOCK */
685 
686     page_dir[ptr2idx(pp)] = bp;
687 
688     bp->next = page_dir[bits];
689     page_dir[bits] = bp;
690 
691     /* MALLOC_UNLOCK */
692 
693     return 1;
694 }
695 
696 /*
697  * Allocate a fragment
698  */
699 static void *
700 malloc_bytes(size_t size)
701 {
702     size_t i;
703     int j;
704     u_int u;
705     struct  pginfo *bp;
706     int k;
707     u_int *lp;
708 
709     /* Don't bother with anything less than this */
710     if (size < malloc_minsize)
711 	size = malloc_minsize;
712 
713     /* Find the right bucket */
714     j = 1;
715     i = size-1;
716     while (i >>= 1)
717 	j++;
718 
719     /* If it's empty, make a page more of that size chunks */
720     if (page_dir[j] == NULL && !malloc_make_chunks(j))
721 	return NULL;
722 
723     bp = page_dir[j];
724 
725     /* Find first word of bitmap which isn't empty */
726     for (lp = bp->bits; !*lp; lp++)
727 	;
728 
729     /* Find that bit, and tweak it */
730     u = 1;
731     k = 0;
732     while (!(*lp & u)) {
733 	u += u;
734 	k++;
735     }
736     *lp ^= u;
737 
738     /* If there are no more free, remove from free-list */
739     if (!--bp->free) {
740 	page_dir[j] = bp->next;
741 	bp->next = NULL;
742     }
743 
744     /* Adjust to the real offset of that chunk */
745     k += (lp-bp->bits)*MALLOC_BITS;
746     k <<= bp->shift;
747 
748     if (malloc_junk)
749 	memset((u_char*)bp->page + k, SOME_JUNK, (size_t)bp->size);
750 
751     return (u_char *)bp->page + k;
752 }
753 
754 /*
755  * Allocate a piece of memory
756  */
757 static void *
758 imalloc(size_t size)
759 {
760     void *result;
761 
762     if (suicide)
763 	abort();
764 
765     if ((size + malloc_pagesize) < size)	/* Check for overflow */
766 	result = NULL;
767     else if (size <= malloc_maxsize)
768 	result = malloc_bytes(size);
769     else
770 	result = malloc_pages(size);
771 
772     if (malloc_abort && result == NULL)
773 	wrterror("allocation failed.\n");
774 
775     if (malloc_zero && result != NULL)
776 	memset(result, 0, size);
777 
778     return result;
779 }
780 
781 /*
782  * Change the size of an allocation.
783  */
784 static void *
785 irealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
786 {
787     void *p;
788     size_t osize, idx;
789     struct pginfo **mp;
790     size_t i;
791 
792     if (suicide)
793 	abort();
794 
795     idx = ptr2idx(ptr);
796 
797     if (idx < malloc_pageshift) {
798 	wrtwarning("junk pointer, too low to make sense.\n");
799 	return 0;
800     }
801 
802     if (idx > last_idx) {
803 	wrtwarning("junk pointer, too high to make sense.\n");
804 	return 0;
805     }
806 
807     mp = &page_dir[idx];
808 
809     if (*mp == MALLOC_FIRST) {			/* Page allocation */
810 
811 	/* Check the pointer */
812 	if ((size_t)(uintptr_t)ptr & malloc_pagemask) {
813 	    wrtwarning("modified (page-) pointer.\n");
814 	    return NULL;
815 	}
816 
817 	/* Find the size in bytes */
818 	for (osize = malloc_pagesize; *++mp == MALLOC_FOLLOW;)
819 	    osize += malloc_pagesize;
820 
821         if (!malloc_realloc && 			/* unless we have to, */
822 	  size <= osize && 			/* .. or are too small, */
823 	  size > (osize - malloc_pagesize)) {	/* .. or can free a page, */
824 	    return ptr;				/* don't do anything. */
825 	}
826 
827     } else if (*mp >= MALLOC_MAGIC) {		/* Chunk allocation */
828 
829 	/* Check the pointer for sane values */
830 	if (((size_t)(uintptr_t)ptr & ((*mp)->size-1))) {
831 	    wrtwarning("modified (chunk-) pointer.\n");
832 	    return NULL;
833 	}
834 
835 	/* Find the chunk index in the page */
836 	i = ((size_t)(uintptr_t)ptr & malloc_pagemask) >> (*mp)->shift;
837 
838 	/* Verify that it isn't a free chunk already */
839         if ((*mp)->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] & (1<<(i%MALLOC_BITS))) {
840 	    wrtwarning("chunk is already free.\n");
841 	    return NULL;
842 	}
843 
844 	osize = (*mp)->size;
845 
846 	if (!malloc_realloc &&		/* Unless we have to, */
847 	  size < osize && 		/* ..or are too small, */
848 	  (size > osize/2 ||	 	/* ..or could use a smaller size, */
849 	  osize == malloc_minsize)) {	/* ..(if there is one) */
850 	    return ptr;			/* ..Don't do anything */
851 	}
852 
853     } else {
854 	wrtwarning("pointer to wrong page.\n");
855 	return NULL;
856     }
857 
858     p = imalloc(size);
859 
860     if (p != NULL) {
861 	/* copy the lesser of the two sizes, and free the old one */
862 	if (!size || !osize)
863 	    ;
864 	else if (osize < size)
865 	    memcpy(p, ptr, osize);
866 	else
867 	    memcpy(p, ptr, size);
868 	ifree(ptr);
869     }
870     return p;
871 }
872 
873 /*
874  * Free a sequence of pages
875  */
876 
877 static inline void
878 free_pages(void *ptr, size_t idx, struct pginfo *info)
879 {
880     size_t i;
881     struct pgfree *pf, *pt=NULL;
882     size_t l;
883     void *tail;
884 
885     if (info == MALLOC_FREE) {
886 	wrtwarning("page is already free.\n");
887 	return;
888     }
889 
890     if (info != MALLOC_FIRST) {
891 	wrtwarning("pointer to wrong page.\n");
892 	return;
893     }
894 
895     if ((size_t)(uintptr_t)ptr & malloc_pagemask) {
896 	wrtwarning("modified (page-) pointer.\n");
897 	return;
898     }
899 
900     /* Count how many pages and mark them free at the same time */
901     page_dir[idx] = MALLOC_FREE;
902     for (i = 1; page_dir[idx+i] == MALLOC_FOLLOW; i++)
903 	page_dir[idx + i] = MALLOC_FREE;
904 
905     l = i << malloc_pageshift;
906 
907     if (malloc_junk)
908 	memset(ptr, SOME_JUNK, l);
909 
910     if (malloc_hint)
911 	madvise(ptr, l, MADV_FREE);
912 
913     tail = (char *)ptr+l;
914 
915     /* add to free-list */
916     if (px == NULL)
917 	px = imalloc(sizeof *pt);	/* This cannot fail... */
918     px->page = ptr;
919     px->end =  tail;
920     px->size = l;
921     if (free_list.next == NULL) {
922 
923 	/* Nothing on free list, put this at head */
924 	px->next = free_list.next;
925 	px->prev = &free_list;
926 	free_list.next = px;
927 	pf = px;
928 	px = NULL;
929 
930     } else {
931 
932 	/* Find the right spot, leave pf pointing to the modified entry. */
933 	tail = (char *)ptr+l;
934 
935 	for(pf = free_list.next; pf->end < ptr && pf->next != NULL;
936 	    pf = pf->next)
937 	    ; /* Race ahead here */
938 
939 	if (pf->page > tail) {
940 	    /* Insert before entry */
941 	    px->next = pf;
942 	    px->prev = pf->prev;
943 	    pf->prev = px;
944 	    px->prev->next = px;
945 	    pf = px;
946 	    px = NULL;
947 	} else if (pf->end == ptr ) {
948 	    /* Append to the previous entry */
949 	    pf->end = (char *)pf->end + l;
950 	    pf->size += l;
951 	    if (pf->next != NULL && pf->end == pf->next->page ) {
952 		/* And collapse the next too. */
953 		pt = pf->next;
954 		pf->end = pt->end;
955 		pf->size += pt->size;
956 		pf->next = pt->next;
957 		if (pf->next != NULL)
958 		    pf->next->prev = pf;
959 	    }
960 	} else if (pf->page == tail) {
961 	    /* Prepend to entry */
962 	    pf->size += l;
963 	    pf->page = ptr;
964 	} else if (pf->next == NULL) {
965 	    /* Append at tail of chain */
966 	    px->next = NULL;
967 	    px->prev = pf;
968 	    pf->next = px;
969 	    pf = px;
970 	    px = NULL;
971 	} else {
972 	    wrterror("freelist is destroyed.\n");
973 	}
974     }
975 
976     /* Return something to OS ? */
977     if (pf->next == NULL &&			/* If we're the last one, */
978       pf->size > malloc_cache &&		/* ..and the cache is full, */
979       pf->end == malloc_brk &&			/* ..and none behind us, */
980       malloc_brk == sbrk((intptr_t)0)) {	/* ..and it's OK to do... */
981 
982 	/*
983 	 * Keep the cache intact.  Notice that the '>' above guarantees that
984 	 * the pf will always have at least one page afterwards.
985 	 */
986 	pf->end = (char *)pf->page + malloc_cache;
987 	pf->size = malloc_cache;
988 
989 	brk(pf->end);
990 	malloc_brk = pf->end;
991 
992 	idx = ptr2idx(pf->end);
993 
994 	for(i=idx;i <= last_idx;)
995 	    page_dir[i++] = MALLOC_NOT_MINE;
996 
997 	last_idx = idx - 1;
998 
999 	/* XXX: We could realloc/shrink the pagedir here I guess. */
1000     }
1001     if (pt != NULL)
1002 	ifree(pt);
1003 }
1004 
1005 /*
1006  * Free a chunk, and possibly the page it's on, if the page becomes empty.
1007  */
1008 
1009 static inline void
1010 free_bytes(void *ptr, size_t idx, struct pginfo *info)
1011 {
1012     size_t i;
1013     struct pginfo **mp;
1014     void *vp;
1015 
1016     /* Find the chunk number on the page */
1017     i = ((size_t)(uintptr_t)ptr & malloc_pagemask) >> info->shift;
1018 
1019     if (((size_t)(uintptr_t)ptr & (info->size-1))) {
1020 	wrtwarning("modified (chunk-) pointer.\n");
1021 	return;
1022     }
1023 
1024     if (info->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] & (1<<(i%MALLOC_BITS))) {
1025 	wrtwarning("chunk is already free.\n");
1026 	return;
1027     }
1028 
1029     if (malloc_junk)
1030 	memset(ptr, SOME_JUNK, (size_t)info->size);
1031 
1032     info->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] |= 1<<(i%MALLOC_BITS);
1033     info->free++;
1034 
1035     mp = page_dir + info->shift;
1036 
1037     if (info->free == 1) {
1038 
1039 	/* Page became non-full */
1040 
1041 	mp = page_dir + info->shift;
1042 	/* Insert in address order */
1043 	while (*mp && (*mp)->next && (*mp)->next->page < info->page)
1044 	    mp = &(*mp)->next;
1045 	info->next = *mp;
1046 	*mp = info;
1047 	return;
1048     }
1049 
1050     if (info->free != info->total)
1051 	return;
1052 
1053     /* Find & remove this page in the queue */
1054     while (*mp != info) {
1055 	mp = &((*mp)->next);
1056 #ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
1057 	if (!*mp)
1058 		wrterror("(ES): Not on queue.\n");
1059 #endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
1060     }
1061     *mp = info->next;
1062 
1063     /* Free the page & the info structure if need be */
1064     page_dir[idx] = MALLOC_FIRST;
1065     vp = info->page;		/* Order is important ! */
1066     if(vp != (void*)info)
1067 	ifree(info);
1068     ifree(vp);
1069 }
1070 
1071 static void
1072 ifree(void *ptr)
1073 {
1074     struct pginfo *info;
1075     size_t idx;
1076 
1077     /* This is legal */
1078     if (ptr == NULL)
1079 	return;
1080 
1081     /* If we're already sinking, don't make matters any worse. */
1082     if (suicide)
1083 	return;
1084 
1085     idx = ptr2idx(ptr);
1086 
1087     if (idx < malloc_pageshift) {
1088 	wrtwarning("junk pointer, too low to make sense.\n");
1089 	return;
1090     }
1091 
1092     if (idx > last_idx) {
1093 	wrtwarning("junk pointer, too high to make sense.\n");
1094 	return;
1095     }
1096 
1097     info = page_dir[idx];
1098 
1099     if (info < MALLOC_MAGIC)
1100         free_pages(ptr, idx, info);
1101     else
1102 	free_bytes(ptr, idx, info);
1103     return;
1104 }
1105 
1106 /*
1107  * These are the public exported interface routines.
1108  */
1109 
1110 
1111 void *
1112 malloc(size_t size)
1113 {
1114     void *r;
1115 
1116     THREAD_LOCK();
1117     malloc_func = " in malloc():";
1118     if (malloc_active++) {
1119 	wrtwarning("recursive call.\n");
1120         malloc_active--;
1121 	THREAD_UNLOCK();
1122 	return (NULL);
1123     }
1124     if (!malloc_started)
1125 	malloc_init();
1126     if (malloc_sysv && !size)
1127 	r = NULL;
1128     else
1129 	r = imalloc(size);
1130     UTRACE(0, size, r);
1131     malloc_active--;
1132     THREAD_UNLOCK();
1133     if (r == NULL && (size != 0 || !malloc_sysv)) {
1134 	if (malloc_xmalloc)
1135 	    wrterror("out of memory.\n");
1136 	errno = ENOMEM;
1137     }
1138     return (r);
1139 }
1140 
1141 void
1142 free(void *ptr)
1143 {
1144     THREAD_LOCK();
1145     malloc_func = " in free():";
1146     if (malloc_active++) {
1147 	wrtwarning("recursive call.\n");
1148 	malloc_active--;
1149 	THREAD_UNLOCK();
1150 	return;
1151     }
1152     if (!malloc_started)
1153 	malloc_init();
1154     ifree(ptr);
1155     UTRACE(ptr, 0, 0);
1156     malloc_active--;
1157     THREAD_UNLOCK();
1158     return;
1159 }
1160 
1161 void *
1162 realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
1163 {
1164     void *r;
1165 
1166     THREAD_LOCK();
1167     malloc_func = " in realloc():";
1168     if (malloc_active++) {
1169 	wrtwarning("recursive call.\n");
1170         malloc_active--;
1171 	THREAD_UNLOCK();
1172 	return (NULL);
1173     }
1174     if (!malloc_started)
1175 	malloc_init();
1176     if (malloc_sysv && !size) {
1177 	ifree(ptr);
1178 	r = NULL;
1179     } else if (!ptr) {
1180 	r = imalloc(size);
1181     } else {
1182         r = irealloc(ptr, size);
1183     }
1184     UTRACE(ptr, size, r);
1185     malloc_active--;
1186     THREAD_UNLOCK();
1187     if (r == NULL && (size != 0 || !malloc_sysv)) {
1188 	if (malloc_xmalloc)
1189 	    wrterror("out of memory.\n");
1190 	errno = ENOMEM;
1191     }
1192     return (r);
1193 }
1194