xref: /netbsd-src/lib/libc/stdio/vfwprintf.c (revision 8b0f9554ff8762542c4defc4f70e1eb76fb508fa)
1 /*	$NetBSD: vfwprintf.c,v 1.10 2007/02/03 00:28:33 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Chris Torek.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
36 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)vfprintf.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93";
39 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdio/vfwprintf.c,v 1.27 2007/01/09 00:28:08 imp Exp $");
40 #else
41 __RCSID("$NetBSD: vfwprintf.c,v 1.10 2007/02/03 00:28:33 christos Exp $");
42 #endif
43 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
44 
45 /*
46  * Actual {w,}printf innards.
47  */
48 
49 #include "namespace.h"
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 
52 #include <assert.h>
53 #include <ctype.h>
54 #include <limits.h>
55 #include <locale.h>
56 #include <stdarg.h>
57 #include <stddef.h>
58 #include <stdint.h>
59 #include <stdio.h>
60 #include <stdlib.h>
61 #include <string.h>
62 #include <errno.h>
63 #include <wchar.h>
64 #include <wctype.h>
65 
66 #include "reentrant.h"
67 #include "local.h"
68 #include "extern.h"
69 #include "fvwrite.h"
70 
71 #ifndef NARROW
72 #define MCHAR_T		char
73 #define CHAR_T		wchar_t
74 #define STRLEN(a)	wcslen(a)
75 #define MEMCHR(a, b, c)	wmemchr(a, b, c)
76 #define SCONV(a, b)	__mbsconv(a, b)
77 #define STRCONST(a)	L ## a
78 #define WDECL(a, b)	a ## w ## b
79 #define END_OF_FILE	WEOF
80 #define MULTI		0
81 #else
82 #define MCHAR_T		wchar_t
83 #define CHAR_T		char
84 #define STRLEN(a)	strlen(a)
85 #define MEMCHR(a, b, c)	memchr(a, b, c)
86 #define SCONV(a, b)	__wcsconv(a, b)
87 #define STRCONST(a)	a
88 #define WDECL(a, b)	a ## b
89 #define END_OF_FILE	EOF
90 #define MULTI		1
91 #endif
92 
93 union arg {
94 	int	intarg;
95 	u_int	uintarg;
96 	long	longarg;
97 	u_long	ulongarg;
98 	long long longlongarg;
99 	unsigned long long ulonglongarg;
100 	ptrdiff_t ptrdiffarg;
101 	size_t	sizearg;
102 	intmax_t intmaxarg;
103 	uintmax_t uintmaxarg;
104 	void	*pvoidarg;
105 	char	*pchararg;
106 	signed char *pschararg;
107 	short	*pshortarg;
108 	int	*pintarg;
109 	long	*plongarg;
110 	long long *plonglongarg;
111 	ptrdiff_t *pptrdiffarg;
112 	size_t	*psizearg;
113 	intmax_t *pintmaxarg;
114 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
115 	double	doublearg;
116 	long double longdoublearg;
117 #endif
118 	wint_t	wintarg;
119 	wchar_t	*pwchararg;
120 };
121 
122 /*
123  * Type ids for argument type table.
124  */
125 enum typeid {
126 	T_UNUSED, TP_SHORT, T_INT, T_U_INT, TP_INT,
127 	T_LONG, T_U_LONG, TP_LONG, T_LLONG, T_U_LLONG, TP_LLONG,
128 	T_PTRDIFFT, TP_PTRDIFFT, T_SIZET, TP_SIZET,
129 	T_INTMAXT, T_UINTMAXT, TP_INTMAXT, TP_VOID, TP_CHAR, TP_SCHAR,
130 	T_DOUBLE, T_LONG_DOUBLE, T_WINT, TP_WCHAR
131 };
132 
133 static int	__sbprintf(FILE *, const CHAR_T *, va_list);
134 static CHAR_T	*__ujtoa(uintmax_t, CHAR_T *, int, int, const char *, int,
135 		    char, const char *);
136 static CHAR_T	*__ultoa(u_long, CHAR_T *, int, int, const char *, int,
137 		    char, const char *);
138 #ifndef NARROW
139 static CHAR_T	*__mbsconv(char *, int);
140 static wint_t	__xfputwc(CHAR_T, FILE *);
141 #else
142 static char	*__wcsconv(wchar_t *, int);
143 static int	__sprint(FILE *, struct __suio *);
144 #endif
145 static void	__find_arguments(const CHAR_T *, va_list, union arg **);
146 static void	__grow_type_table(int, enum typeid **, int *);
147 
148 /*
149  * Helper function for `fprintf to unbuffered unix file': creates a
150  * temporary buffer.  We only work on write-only files; this avoids
151  * worries about ungetc buffers and so forth.
152  */
153 static int
154 __sbprintf(FILE *fp, const CHAR_T *fmt, va_list ap)
155 {
156 	int ret;
157 	FILE fake;
158 	struct __sfileext fakeext;
159 	unsigned char buf[BUFSIZ];
160 
161 	_DIAGASSERT(fp != NULL);
162 	_DIAGASSERT(fmt != NULL);
163 
164 	_FILEEXT_SETUP(&fake, &fakeext);
165 
166 	/* copy the important variables */
167 	fake._flags = fp->_flags & ~__SNBF;
168 	fake._file = fp->_file;
169 	fake._cookie = fp->_cookie;
170 	fake._write = fp->_write;
171 
172 	/* set up the buffer */
173 	fake._bf._base = fake._p = buf;
174 	fake._bf._size = fake._w = sizeof(buf);
175 	fake._lbfsize = 0;	/* not actually used, but Just In Case */
176 
177 	/* do the work, then copy any error status */
178 	ret = WDECL(__vf,printf_unlocked)(&fake, fmt, ap);
179 	if (ret >= 0 && fflush(&fake))
180 		ret = END_OF_FILE;
181 	if (fake._flags & __SERR)
182 		fp->_flags |= __SERR;
183 	return (ret);
184 }
185 
186 #ifndef NARROW
187 /*
188  * Like __fputwc, but handles fake string (__SSTR) files properly.
189  * File must already be locked.
190  */
191 static wint_t
192 __xfputwc(wchar_t wc, FILE *fp)
193 {
194 	static const mbstate_t initial;
195 	mbstate_t mbs;
196 	char buf[MB_LEN_MAX];
197 	struct __suio uio;
198 	struct __siov iov;
199 	size_t len;
200 
201 	if ((fp->_flags & __SSTR) == 0)
202 		return (__fputwc_unlock(wc, fp));
203 
204 	mbs = initial;
205 	if ((len = wcrtomb(buf, wc, &mbs)) == (size_t)-1) {
206 		fp->_flags |= __SERR;
207 		return (END_OF_FILE);
208 	}
209 	uio.uio_iov = &iov;
210 	uio.uio_resid = len;
211 	uio.uio_iovcnt = 1;
212 	iov.iov_base = buf;
213 	iov.iov_len = len;
214 	return (__sfvwrite(fp, &uio) != EOF ? (wint_t)wc : END_OF_FILE);
215 }
216 #else
217 /*
218  * Flush out all the vectors defined by the given uio,
219  * then reset it so that it can be reused.
220  */
221 static int
222 __sprint(FILE *fp, struct __suio *uio)
223 {
224 	int err;
225 
226 	_DIAGASSERT(fp != NULL);
227 	_DIAGASSERT(uio != NULL);
228 
229 	if (uio->uio_resid == 0) {
230 		uio->uio_iovcnt = 0;
231 		return (0);
232 	}
233 	err = __sfvwrite(fp, uio);
234 	uio->uio_resid = 0;
235 	uio->uio_iovcnt = 0;
236 	return (err);
237 }
238 #endif
239 
240 /*
241  * Macros for converting digits to letters and vice versa
242  */
243 #define	to_digit(c)	((c) - '0')
244 #define is_digit(c)	((unsigned)to_digit(c) <= 9)
245 #define	to_char(n)	(CHAR_T)((n) + '0')
246 
247 /*
248  * Convert an unsigned long to ASCII for printf purposes, returning
249  * a pointer to the first character of the string representation.
250  * Octal numbers can be forced to have a leading zero; hex numbers
251  * use the given digits.
252  */
253 static CHAR_T *
254 __ultoa(u_long val, CHAR_T *endp, int base, int octzero, const char *xdigs,
255 	int needgrp, char thousep, const char *grp)
256 {
257 	CHAR_T *cp = endp;
258 	long sval;
259 	int ndig;
260 
261 	/*
262 	 * Handle the three cases separately, in the hope of getting
263 	 * better/faster code.
264 	 */
265 	switch (base) {
266 	case 10:
267 		if (val < 10) {	/* many numbers are 1 digit */
268 			*--cp = to_char(val);
269 			return (cp);
270 		}
271 		ndig = 0;
272 		/*
273 		 * On many machines, unsigned arithmetic is harder than
274 		 * signed arithmetic, so we do at most one unsigned mod and
275 		 * divide; this is sufficient to reduce the range of
276 		 * the incoming value to where signed arithmetic works.
277 		 */
278 		if (val > LONG_MAX) {
279 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
280 			ndig++;
281 			sval = val / 10;
282 		} else
283 			sval = val;
284 		do {
285 			*--cp = to_char(sval % 10);
286 			ndig++;
287 			/*
288 			 * If (*grp == CHAR_MAX) then no more grouping
289 			 * should be performed.
290 			 */
291 			if (needgrp && ndig == *grp && *grp != CHAR_MAX
292 					&& sval > 9) {
293 				*--cp = thousep;
294 				ndig = 0;
295 				/*
296 				 * If (*(grp+1) == '\0') then we have to
297 				 * use *grp character (last grouping rule)
298 				 * for all next cases
299 				 */
300 				if (*(grp+1) != '\0')
301 					grp++;
302 			}
303 			sval /= 10;
304 		} while (sval != 0);
305 		break;
306 
307 	case 8:
308 		do {
309 			*--cp = to_char(val & 7);
310 			val >>= 3;
311 		} while (val);
312 		if (octzero && *cp != '0')
313 			*--cp = '0';
314 		break;
315 
316 	case 16:
317 		do {
318 			*--cp = xdigs[(size_t)val & 15];
319 			val >>= 4;
320 		} while (val);
321 		break;
322 
323 	default:			/* oops */
324 		abort();
325 	}
326 	return (cp);
327 }
328 
329 /* Identical to __ultoa, but for intmax_t. */
330 static CHAR_T *
331 __ujtoa(uintmax_t val, CHAR_T *endp, int base, int octzero,
332 	const char *xdigs, int needgrp, char thousep, const char *grp)
333 {
334 	CHAR_T *cp = endp;
335 	intmax_t sval;
336 	int ndig;
337 
338 	/* quick test for small values; __ultoa is typically much faster */
339 	/* (perhaps instead we should run until small, then call __ultoa?) */
340 	if (val <= ULONG_MAX)
341 		return (__ultoa((u_long)val, endp, base, octzero, xdigs,
342 		    needgrp, thousep, grp));
343 	switch (base) {
344 	case 10:
345 		if (val < 10) {
346 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
347 			return (cp);
348 		}
349 		ndig = 0;
350 		if (val > INTMAX_MAX) {
351 			*--cp = to_char(val % 10);
352 			ndig++;
353 			sval = val / 10;
354 		} else
355 			sval = val;
356 		do {
357 			*--cp = to_char(sval % 10);
358 			ndig++;
359 			/*
360 			 * If (*grp == CHAR_MAX) then no more grouping
361 			 * should be performed.
362 			 */
363 			if (needgrp && *grp != CHAR_MAX && ndig == *grp
364 					&& sval > 9) {
365 				*--cp = thousep;
366 				ndig = 0;
367 				/*
368 				 * If (*(grp+1) == '\0') then we have to
369 				 * use *grp character (last grouping rule)
370 				 * for all next cases
371 				 */
372 				if (*(grp+1) != '\0')
373 					grp++;
374 			}
375 			sval /= 10;
376 		} while (sval != 0);
377 		break;
378 
379 	case 8:
380 		do {
381 			*--cp = to_char(val & 7);
382 			val >>= 3;
383 		} while (val);
384 		if (octzero && *cp != '0')
385 			*--cp = '0';
386 		break;
387 
388 	case 16:
389 		do {
390 			*--cp = xdigs[(size_t)val & 15];
391 			val >>= 4;
392 		} while (val);
393 		break;
394 
395 	default:
396 		abort();
397 	}
398 	return (cp);
399 }
400 
401 #ifndef NARROW
402 /*
403  * Convert a multibyte character string argument for the %s format to a wide
404  * string representation. ``prec'' specifies the maximum number of bytes
405  * to output. If ``prec'' is greater than or equal to zero, we can't assume
406  * that the multibyte char. string ends in a null character.
407  */
408 static wchar_t *
409 __mbsconv(char *mbsarg, int prec)
410 {
411 	static const mbstate_t initial;
412 	mbstate_t mbs;
413 	wchar_t *convbuf, *wcp;
414 	const char *p;
415 	size_t insize, nchars, nconv;
416 
417 	if (mbsarg == NULL)
418 		return (NULL);
419 
420 	/*
421 	 * Supplied argument is a multibyte string; convert it to wide
422 	 * characters first.
423 	 */
424 	if (prec >= 0) {
425 		/*
426 		 * String is not guaranteed to be NUL-terminated. Find the
427 		 * number of characters to print.
428 		 */
429 		p = mbsarg;
430 		insize = nchars = nconv = 0;
431 		mbs = initial;
432 		while (nchars != (size_t)prec) {
433 			nconv = mbrlen(p, MB_CUR_MAX, &mbs);
434 			if (nconv == 0 || nconv == (size_t)-1 ||
435 			    nconv == (size_t)-2)
436 				break;
437 			p += nconv;
438 			nchars++;
439 			insize += nconv;
440 		}
441 		if (nconv == (size_t)-1 || nconv == (size_t)-2)
442 			return (NULL);
443 	} else
444 		insize = strlen(mbsarg);
445 
446 	/*
447 	 * Allocate buffer for the result and perform the conversion,
448 	 * converting at most `size' bytes of the input multibyte string to
449 	 * wide characters for printing.
450 	 */
451 	convbuf = malloc((insize + 1) * sizeof(*convbuf));
452 	if (convbuf == NULL)
453 		return (NULL);
454 	wcp = convbuf;
455 	p = mbsarg;
456 	mbs = initial;
457 	nconv = 0;
458 	while (insize != 0) {
459 		nconv = mbrtowc(wcp, p, insize, &mbs);
460 		if (nconv == 0 || nconv == (size_t)-1 || nconv == (size_t)-2)
461 			break;
462 		wcp++;
463 		p += nconv;
464 		insize -= nconv;
465 	}
466 	if (nconv == (size_t)-1 || nconv == (size_t)-2) {
467 		free(convbuf);
468 		return (NULL);
469 	}
470 	*wcp = L'\0';
471 
472 	return (convbuf);
473 }
474 #else
475 /*
476  * Convert a wide character string argument for the %ls format to a multibyte
477  * string representation. If not -1, prec specifies the maximum number of
478  * bytes to output, and also means that we can't assume that the wide char.
479  * string ends is null-terminated.
480  */
481 static char *
482 __wcsconv(wchar_t *wcsarg, int prec)
483 {
484 	static const mbstate_t initial;
485 	mbstate_t mbs;
486 	char buf[MB_LEN_MAX];
487 	wchar_t *p;
488 	char *convbuf;
489 	size_t clen, nbytes;
490 
491 	/* Allocate space for the maximum number of bytes we could output. */
492 	if (prec < 0) {
493 		p = wcsarg;
494 		mbs = initial;
495 		nbytes = wcsrtombs(NULL, (const wchar_t **)&p, 0, &mbs);
496 		if (nbytes == (size_t)-1)
497 			return (NULL);
498 	} else {
499 		/*
500 		 * Optimisation: if the output precision is small enough,
501 		 * just allocate enough memory for the maximum instead of
502 		 * scanning the string.
503 		 */
504 		if (prec < 128)
505 			nbytes = prec;
506 		else {
507 			nbytes = 0;
508 			p = wcsarg;
509 			mbs = initial;
510 			for (;;) {
511 				clen = wcrtomb(buf, *p++, &mbs);
512 				if (clen == 0 || clen == (size_t)-1 ||
513 				    nbytes + clen > prec)
514 					break;
515 				nbytes += clen;
516 			}
517 		}
518 	}
519 	if ((convbuf = malloc(nbytes + 1)) == NULL)
520 		return (NULL);
521 
522 	/* Fill the output buffer. */
523 	p = wcsarg;
524 	mbs = initial;
525 	if ((nbytes = wcsrtombs(convbuf, (const wchar_t **)&p,
526 	    nbytes, &mbs)) == (size_t)-1) {
527 		free(convbuf);
528 		return (NULL);
529 	}
530 	convbuf[nbytes] = '\0';
531 	return (convbuf);
532 }
533 #endif
534 
535 /*
536  * MT-safe version
537  */
538 int
539 WDECL(vf,printf)(FILE * __restrict fp, const CHAR_T * __restrict fmt0, va_list ap)
540 {
541 	int ret;
542 
543 	FLOCKFILE(fp);
544 	ret = WDECL(__vf,printf_unlocked)(fp, fmt0, ap);
545 	FUNLOCKFILE(fp);
546 	return (ret);
547 }
548 
549 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
550 
551 #include <float.h>
552 #include <math.h>
553 #include "floatio.h"
554 
555 #define	DEFPREC		6
556 
557 static int exponent(CHAR_T *, int, int);
558 #ifndef WIDE_DOUBLE
559 static char *cvt(double, int, int, char *, int *, int, int *);
560 #endif
561 
562 #endif /* !NO_FLOATING_POINT */
563 
564 /*
565  * The size of the buffer we use as scratch space for integer
566  * conversions, among other things.  Technically, we would need the
567  * most space for base 10 conversions with thousands' grouping
568  * characters between each pair of digits.  100 bytes is a
569  * conservative overestimate even for a 128-bit uintmax_t.
570  */
571 #define	BUF	100
572 
573 #define STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE 8           /* Size of static argument table. */
574 
575 /*
576  * Flags used during conversion.
577  */
578 #define	ALT		0x001		/* alternate form */
579 #define	LADJUST		0x004		/* left adjustment */
580 #define	LONGDBL		0x008		/* long double */
581 #define	LONGINT		0x010		/* long integer */
582 #define	LLONGINT	0x020		/* long long integer */
583 #define	SHORTINT	0x040		/* short integer */
584 #define	ZEROPAD		0x080		/* zero (as opposed to blank) pad */
585 #define	FPT		0x100		/* Floating point number */
586 #define	GROUPING	0x200		/* use grouping ("'" flag) */
587 					/* C99 additional size modifiers: */
588 #define	SIZET		0x400		/* size_t */
589 #define	PTRDIFFT	0x800		/* ptrdiff_t */
590 #define	INTMAXT		0x1000		/* intmax_t */
591 #define	CHARINT		0x2000		/* print char using int format */
592 
593 /*
594  * Non-MT-safe version
595  */
596 int
597 WDECL(__vf,printf_unlocked)(FILE *fp, const CHAR_T *fmt0, va_list ap)
598 {
599 	CHAR_T *fmt;		/* format string */
600 	int ch;			/* character from fmt */
601 	int n, n2;		/* handy integer (short term usage) */
602 	CHAR_T *cp;		/* handy char pointer (short term usage) */
603 	int flags;		/* flags as above */
604 	int ret;		/* return value accumulator */
605 	int width;		/* width from format (%8d), or 0 */
606 	int prec;		/* precision from format; <0 for N/A */
607 	CHAR_T sign;		/* sign prefix (' ', '+', '-', or \0) */
608 	char thousands_sep;	/* locale specific thousands separator */
609 	const char *grouping;	/* locale specific numeric grouping rules */
610 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
611 	/*
612 	 * We can decompose the printed representation of floating
613 	 * point numbers into several parts, some of which may be empty:
614 	 *
615 	 * [+|-| ] [0x|0X] MMM . NNN [e|E|p|P] [+|-] ZZ
616 	 *    A       B     ---C---      D       E   F
617 	 *
618 	 * A:	'sign' holds this value if present; '\0' otherwise
619 	 * B:	ox[1] holds the 'x' or 'X'; '\0' if not hexadecimal
620 	 * C:	cp points to the string MMMNNN.  Leading and trailing
621 	 *	zeros are not in the string and must be added.
622 	 * D:	expchar holds this character; '\0' if no exponent, e.g. %f
623 	 * F:	at least two digits for decimal, at least one digit for hex
624 	 */
625 	char *decimal_point;	/* locale specific decimal point */
626 #ifdef WIDE_DOUBLE
627 	int signflag;		/* true if float is negative */
628 	union {			/* floating point arguments %[aAeEfFgG] */
629 		double dbl;
630 		long double ldbl;
631 	} fparg;
632 	char *dtoaend;		/* pointer to end of converted digits */
633 #else
634 	double _double;		/* double precision arguments %[eEfgG] */
635 	char softsign;		/* temporary negative sign for floats */
636 #endif
637 	char *dtoaresult;	/* buffer allocated by dtoa */
638 	int expt;		/* integer value of exponent */
639 	char expchar;		/* exponent character: [eEpP\0] */
640 	int expsize;		/* character count for expstr */
641 	int lead;		/* sig figs before decimal or group sep */
642 	int ndig;		/* actual number of digits returned by dtoa */
643 	CHAR_T expstr[MAXEXPDIG+2];	/* buffer for exponent string: e+ZZZ */
644 	int nseps;		/* number of group separators with ' */
645 	int nrepeats;		/* number of repeats of the last group */
646 #endif
647 	u_long	ulval;		/* integer arguments %[diouxX] */
648 	uintmax_t ujval;	/* %j, %ll, %q, %t, %z integers */
649 	int base;		/* base for [diouxX] conversion */
650 	int dprec;		/* a copy of prec if [diouxX], 0 otherwise */
651 	int realsz;		/* field size expanded by dprec, sign, etc */
652 	int size;		/* size of converted field or string */
653 	int prsize;             /* max size of printed field */
654 	const char *xdigs;	/* digits for %[xX] conversion */
655 #ifdef NARROW
656 #define NIOV 8
657 	struct __siov *iovp;	/* for PRINT macro */
658 	struct __suio uio;	/* output information: summary */
659 	struct __siov iov[NIOV];/* ... and individual io vectors */
660 #else
661 	int n3;
662 #endif
663 	CHAR_T buf[BUF];	/* buffer with space for digits of uintmax_t */
664 	CHAR_T ox[2];		/* space for 0x hex-prefix */
665 	union arg *argtable;	/* args, built due to positional arg */
666 	union arg statargtable [STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE];
667 	int nextarg;		/* 1-based argument index */
668 	va_list orgap;		/* original argument pointer */
669 	CHAR_T *convbuf;	/* multibyte to wide conversion result */
670 
671 	/*
672 	 * Choose PADSIZE to trade efficiency vs. size.  If larger printf
673 	 * fields occur frequently, increase PADSIZE and make the initialisers
674 	 * below longer.
675 	 */
676 #define	PADSIZE	16		/* pad chunk size */
677 	static CHAR_T blanks[PADSIZE] =
678 	 {' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '};
679 	static CHAR_T zeroes[PADSIZE] =
680 	 {'0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0','0'};
681 
682 	static const char xdigs_lower[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
683 	static const char xdigs_upper[16] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
684 
685 	/*
686 	 * BEWARE, these `goto error' on error, PRINT uses `n2' and
687 	 * PAD uses `n'.
688 	 */
689 #ifndef NARROW
690 #define	PRINT(ptr, len)	do {			\
691 	for (n3 = 0; n3 < (len); n3++)		\
692 		__xfputwc((ptr)[n3], fp);	\
693 } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
694 #define FLUSH()
695 #else
696 #define	PRINT(ptr, len) do { \
697 	iovp->iov_base = __UNCONST(ptr); \
698 	iovp->iov_len = (len); \
699 	uio.uio_resid += (len); \
700 	iovp++; \
701 	if (++uio.uio_iovcnt >= NIOV) { \
702 		if (__sprint(fp, &uio)) \
703 			goto error; \
704 		iovp = iov; \
705 	} \
706 } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
707 #define	FLUSH() do { \
708 	if (uio.uio_resid && __sprint(fp, &uio)) \
709 		goto error; \
710 	uio.uio_iovcnt = 0; \
711 	iovp = iov; \
712 } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
713 #endif /* NARROW */
714 
715 #define	PAD(howmany, with)	do {		\
716 	if ((n = (howmany)) > 0) {		\
717 		while (n > PADSIZE) {		\
718 			PRINT(with, PADSIZE);	\
719 			n -= PADSIZE;		\
720 		}				\
721 		PRINT(with, n);			\
722 	}					\
723 } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
724 #define	PRINTANDPAD(p, ep, len, with) do {	\
725 	n2 = (ep) - (p);       			\
726 	if (n2 > (len))				\
727 		n2 = (len);			\
728 	if (n2 > 0)				\
729 		PRINT((p), n2);			\
730 	PAD((len) - (n2 > 0 ? n2 : 0), (with));	\
731 } while(/*CONSTCOND*/0)
732 
733 	/*
734 	 * Get the argument indexed by nextarg.   If the argument table is
735 	 * built, use it to get the argument.  If its not, get the next
736 	 * argument (and arguments must be gotten sequentially).
737 	 */
738 #define GETARG(type) \
739 	((/*CONSTCOND*/argtable != NULL) ? *((type*)(void*)(&argtable[nextarg++])) : \
740 	    (nextarg++, va_arg(ap, type)))
741 
742 	/*
743 	 * To extend shorts properly, we need both signed and unsigned
744 	 * argument extraction methods.
745 	 */
746 #define	SARG() \
747 	(flags&LONGINT ? GETARG(long) : \
748 	    flags&SHORTINT ? (long)(short)GETARG(int) : \
749 	    flags&CHARINT ? (long)(signed char)GETARG(int) : \
750 	    (long)GETARG(int))
751 #define	UARG() \
752 	(flags&LONGINT ? GETARG(u_long) : \
753 	    flags&SHORTINT ? (u_long)(u_short)GETARG(int) : \
754 	    flags&CHARINT ? (u_long)(u_char)GETARG(int) : \
755 	    (u_long)GETARG(u_int))
756 #define	INTMAX_SIZE	(INTMAXT|SIZET|PTRDIFFT|LLONGINT)
757 #define SJARG() \
758 	(flags&INTMAXT ? GETARG(intmax_t) : \
759 	    flags&SIZET ? (intmax_t)GETARG(size_t) : \
760 	    flags&PTRDIFFT ? (intmax_t)GETARG(ptrdiff_t) : \
761 	    (intmax_t)GETARG(long long))
762 #define	UJARG() \
763 	(flags&INTMAXT ? GETARG(uintmax_t) : \
764 	    flags&SIZET ? (uintmax_t)GETARG(size_t) : \
765 	    flags&PTRDIFFT ? (uintmax_t)GETARG(ptrdiff_t) : \
766 	    (uintmax_t)GETARG(unsigned long long))
767 
768 	/*
769 	 * Get * arguments, including the form *nn$.  Preserve the nextarg
770 	 * that the argument can be gotten once the type is determined.
771 	 */
772 #define GETASTER(val) \
773 	n2 = 0; \
774 	cp = fmt; \
775 	while (is_digit(*cp)) { \
776 		n2 = 10 * n2 + to_digit(*cp); \
777 		cp++; \
778 	} \
779 	if (*cp == '$') { \
780 		int hold = nextarg; \
781 		if (argtable == NULL) { \
782 			argtable = statargtable; \
783 			__find_arguments (fmt0, orgap, &argtable); \
784 		} \
785 		nextarg = n2; \
786 		val = GETARG (int); \
787 		nextarg = hold; \
788 		fmt = ++cp; \
789 	} else { \
790 		val = GETARG (int); \
791 	}
792 
793 	_DIAGASSERT(fp != NULL);
794 	_DIAGASSERT(fmt0 != NULL);
795 
796 	_SET_ORIENTATION(fp, -1);
797 
798 	ndig = -1;	/* XXX gcc */
799 
800 	thousands_sep = '\0';
801 	grouping = NULL;
802 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
803 	decimal_point = localeconv()->decimal_point;
804 	expsize = 0;		/* XXXGCC -Wuninitialized [sh3,m68000] */
805 #endif
806 	convbuf = NULL;
807 	/* sorry, f{w,}printf(read_only_file, L"") returns {W,}EOF, not 0 */
808 	if (cantwrite(fp)) {
809 		errno = EBADF;
810 		return (END_OF_FILE);
811 	}
812 
813 	/* optimise fprintf(stderr) (and other unbuffered Unix files) */
814 	if ((fp->_flags & (__SNBF|__SWR|__SRW)) == (__SNBF|__SWR) &&
815 	    fp->_file >= 0)
816 		return (__sbprintf(fp, fmt0, ap));
817 
818 	fmt = (CHAR_T *)__UNCONST(fmt0);
819 	argtable = NULL;
820 	nextarg = 1;
821 	va_copy(orgap, ap);
822 #ifdef NARROW
823 	uio.uio_iov = iovp = iov;
824 	uio.uio_resid = 0;
825 	uio.uio_iovcnt = 0;
826 #endif
827 	ret = 0;
828 
829 	/*
830 	 * Scan the format for conversions (`%' character).
831 	 */
832 	for (;;) {
833 		const CHAR_T *result;
834 
835 		for (cp = fmt; (ch = *fmt) != '\0' && ch != '%'; fmt++)
836 			continue;
837 		if ((n = fmt - cp) != 0) {
838 			if ((unsigned)ret + n > INT_MAX) {
839 				ret = END_OF_FILE;
840 				goto error;
841 			}
842 			PRINT(cp, n);
843 			ret += n;
844 		}
845 		if (ch == '\0')
846 			goto done;
847 		fmt++;		/* skip over '%' */
848 
849 		flags = 0;
850 		dprec = 0;
851 		width = 0;
852 		prec = -1;
853 		sign = '\0';
854 		ox[1] = '\0';
855 		expchar = '\0';
856 		lead = 0;
857 		nseps = nrepeats = 0;
858 		ulval = 0;
859 		ujval = 0;
860 		xdigs = NULL;
861 
862 rflag:		ch = *fmt++;
863 reswitch:	switch (ch) {
864 		case ' ':
865 			/*-
866 			 * ``If the space and + flags both appear, the space
867 			 * flag will be ignored.''
868 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
869 			 */
870 			if (!sign)
871 				sign = ' ';
872 			goto rflag;
873 		case '#':
874 			flags |= ALT;
875 			goto rflag;
876 		case '*':
877 			/*-
878 			 * ``A negative field width argument is taken as a
879 			 * - flag followed by a positive field width.''
880 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
881 			 * They don't exclude field widths read from args.
882 			 */
883 			GETASTER (width);
884 			if (width >= 0)
885 				goto rflag;
886 			width = -width;
887 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
888 		case '-':
889 			flags |= LADJUST;
890 			goto rflag;
891 		case '+':
892 			sign = '+';
893 			goto rflag;
894 		case '\'':
895 			flags |= GROUPING;
896 			thousands_sep = *(localeconv()->thousands_sep);
897 			grouping = localeconv()->grouping;
898 			goto rflag;
899 		case '.':
900 			if ((ch = *fmt++) == '*') {
901 				GETASTER (prec);
902 				goto rflag;
903 			}
904 			prec = 0;
905 			while (is_digit(ch)) {
906 				prec = 10 * prec + to_digit(ch);
907 				ch = *fmt++;
908 			}
909 			goto reswitch;
910 		case '0':
911 			/*-
912 			 * ``Note that 0 is taken as a flag, not as the
913 			 * beginning of a field width.''
914 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
915 			 */
916 			flags |= ZEROPAD;
917 			goto rflag;
918 		case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
919 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
920 			n = 0;
921 			do {
922 				n = 10 * n + to_digit(ch);
923 				ch = *fmt++;
924 			} while (is_digit(ch));
925 			if (ch == '$') {
926 				nextarg = n;
927 				if (argtable == NULL) {
928 					argtable = statargtable;
929 					__find_arguments (fmt0, orgap,
930 					    &argtable);
931 				}
932 				goto rflag;
933 			}
934 			width = n;
935 			goto reswitch;
936 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
937 		case 'L':
938 			flags |= LONGDBL;
939 			goto rflag;
940 #endif
941 		case 'h':
942 			if (flags & SHORTINT) {
943 				flags &= ~SHORTINT;
944 				flags |= CHARINT;
945 			} else
946 				flags |= SHORTINT;
947 			goto rflag;
948 		case 'j':
949 			flags |= INTMAXT;
950 			goto rflag;
951 		case 'l':
952 			if (flags & LONGINT) {
953 				flags &= ~LONGINT;
954 				flags |= LLONGINT;
955 			} else
956 				flags |= LONGINT;
957 			goto rflag;
958 		case 'q':
959 			flags |= LLONGINT;	/* not necessarily */
960 			goto rflag;
961 		case 't':
962 			flags |= PTRDIFFT;
963 			goto rflag;
964 		case 'z':
965 			flags |= SIZET;
966 			goto rflag;
967 		case 'C':
968 			flags |= LONGINT;
969 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
970 		case 'c':
971 #ifdef NARROW
972 			if (flags & LONGINT) {
973 				static const mbstate_t initial;
974 				mbstate_t mbs;
975 				size_t mbseqlen;
976 
977 				mbs = initial;
978 				mbseqlen = wcrtomb(buf,
979 				    (wchar_t)GETARG(wint_t), &mbs);
980 				if (mbseqlen == (size_t)-1) {
981 					fp->_flags |= __SERR;
982 					goto error;
983 				}
984 				size = (int)mbseqlen;
985 			} else {
986 				*buf = GETARG(int);
987 				size = 1;
988 			}
989 #else
990 			if (flags & LONGINT)
991 				*buf = (wchar_t)GETARG(wint_t);
992 			else
993 				*buf = (wchar_t)btowc(GETARG(int));
994 			size = 1;
995 #endif
996 			result = buf;
997 			sign = '\0';
998 			break;
999 		case 'D':
1000 			flags |= LONGINT;
1001 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1002 		case 'd':
1003 		case 'i':
1004 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE) {
1005 				ujval = SJARG();
1006 				if ((intmax_t)ujval < 0) {
1007 					ujval = -ujval;
1008 					sign = '-';
1009 				}
1010 			} else {
1011 				ulval = SARG();
1012 				if ((long)ulval < 0) {
1013 					ulval = -ulval;
1014 					sign = '-';
1015 				}
1016 			}
1017 			base = 10;
1018 			goto number;
1019 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1020 #ifdef WIDE_DOUBLE
1021 		case 'a':
1022 		case 'A':
1023 			if (ch == 'a') {
1024 				ox[1] = 'x';
1025 				xdigs = xdigs_lower;
1026 				expchar = 'p';
1027 			} else {
1028 				ox[1] = 'X';
1029 				xdigs = xdigs_upper;
1030 				expchar = 'P';
1031 			}
1032 			if (prec >= 0)
1033 				prec++;
1034 			if (flags & LONGDBL) {
1035 				fparg.ldbl = GETARG(long double);
1036 				dtoaresult =
1037 				    __hldtoa(fparg.ldbl, xdigs, prec,
1038 				        &expt, &signflag, &dtoaend);
1039 			} else {
1040 				fparg.dbl = GETARG(double);
1041 				dtoaresult =
1042 				    __hdtoa(fparg.dbl, xdigs, prec,
1043 				        &expt, &signflag, &dtoaend);
1044 			}
1045 
1046 			if (prec < 0)
1047 				prec = dtoaend - dtoaresult;
1048 			if (expt == INT_MAX)
1049 				ox[1] = '\0';
1050 			ndig = dtoaend - dtoaresult;
1051 			if (convbuf != NULL)
1052 				free(convbuf);
1053 #ifndef NARROW
1054 			result = convbuf = __mbsconv(dtoaresult, -1);
1055 #else
1056 			/*XXX inefficient*/
1057 			result = convbuf = strdup(dtoaresult);
1058 #endif
1059 			__freedtoa(dtoaresult);
1060 			goto fp_common;
1061 		case 'e':
1062 		case 'E':
1063 			expchar = ch;
1064 			if (prec < 0)	/* account for digit before decpt */
1065 				prec = DEFPREC + 1;
1066 			else
1067 				prec++;
1068 			goto fp_begin;
1069 		case 'f':
1070 		case 'F':
1071 			expchar = '\0';
1072 			goto fp_begin;
1073 		case 'g':
1074 		case 'G':
1075 			expchar = ch - ('g' - 'e');
1076 			if (prec == 0)
1077 				prec = 1;
1078 fp_begin:
1079 			if (prec < 0)
1080 				prec = DEFPREC;
1081 			if (flags & LONGDBL) {
1082 				fparg.ldbl = GETARG(long double);
1083 				dtoaresult =
1084 				    __ldtoa(&fparg.ldbl, expchar ? 2 : 3, prec,
1085 				    &expt, &signflag, &dtoaend);
1086 			} else {
1087 				fparg.dbl = GETARG(double);
1088 				dtoaresult =
1089 				    __dtoa(fparg.dbl, expchar ? 2 : 3, prec,
1090 				    &expt, &signflag, &dtoaend);
1091 				if (expt == 9999)
1092 					expt = INT_MAX;
1093 			}
1094 			ndig = dtoaend - dtoaresult;
1095 			if (convbuf != NULL)
1096 				free(convbuf);
1097 #ifndef NARROW
1098 			result = convbuf = __mbsconv(dtoaresult, -1);
1099 #else
1100 			/*XXX inefficient*/
1101 			result = convbuf = strdup(dtoaresult);
1102 #endif
1103 			__freedtoa(dtoaresult);
1104 fp_common:
1105 			if (signflag)
1106 				sign = '-';
1107 			if (expt == INT_MAX) {	/* inf or nan */
1108 				if (*result == 'N') {
1109 					result = (ch >= 'a') ? STRCONST("nan") :
1110 					    STRCONST("NAN");
1111 					sign = '\0';
1112 				} else
1113 					result = (ch >= 'a') ? STRCONST("inf") :
1114 					    STRCONST("INF");
1115 				size = 3;
1116 				break;
1117 			}
1118 #else
1119 		case 'e':
1120 		case 'E':
1121 		case 'f':
1122 		case 'F':
1123 		case 'g':
1124 		case 'G':
1125 			if (prec == -1) {
1126 				prec = DEFPREC;
1127 			} else if ((ch == 'g' || ch == 'G') && prec == 0) {
1128 				prec = 1;
1129 			}
1130 
1131 			if (flags & LONGDBL) {
1132 				_double = (double) GETARG(long double);
1133 			} else {
1134 				_double = GETARG(double);
1135 			}
1136 
1137 			/* do this before tricky precision changes */
1138 			if (isinf(_double)) {
1139 				if (_double < 0)
1140 					sign = '-';
1141 				if (ch == 'E' || ch == 'F' || ch == 'G')
1142 					result = STRCONST("INF");
1143 				else
1144 					result = STRCONST("inf");
1145 				size = 3;
1146 				break;
1147 			}
1148 			if (isnan(_double)) {
1149 				if (ch == 'E' || ch == 'F' || ch == 'G')
1150 					result = STRCONST("NAN");
1151 				else
1152 					result = STRCONST("nan");
1153 				size = 3;
1154 				break;
1155 			}
1156 
1157 			flags |= FPT;
1158 			dtoaresult = cvt(_double, prec, flags, &softsign,
1159 			    &expt, ch, &ndig);
1160 			if (convbuf != NULL)
1161 				free(convbuf);
1162 #ifndef NARROW
1163 			result = convbuf = __mbsconv(dtoaresult, -1);
1164 #else
1165 			/*XXX inefficient*/
1166 			result = convbuf = strdup(dtoaresult);
1167 #endif
1168 			__freedtoa(dtoaresult);
1169 			if (softsign)
1170 				sign = '-';
1171 #endif
1172 			flags |= FPT;
1173 			if (ch == 'g' || ch == 'G') {
1174 				if (expt > -4 && expt <= prec) {
1175 					/* Make %[gG] smell like %[fF] */
1176 					expchar = '\0';
1177 					if (flags & ALT)
1178 						prec -= expt;
1179 					else
1180 						prec = ndig - expt;
1181 					if (prec < 0)
1182 						prec = 0;
1183 				} else {
1184 					/*
1185 					 * Make %[gG] smell like %[eE], but
1186 					 * trim trailing zeroes if no # flag.
1187 					 */
1188 					if (!(flags & ALT))
1189 						prec = ndig;
1190 				}
1191 			}
1192 			if (expchar) {
1193 				expsize = exponent(expstr, expt - 1, expchar);
1194 				size = expsize + prec;
1195 				if (prec > 1 || flags & ALT)
1196 					++size;
1197 			} else {
1198 				/* space for digits before decimal point */
1199 				if (expt > 0)
1200 					size = expt;
1201 				else	/* "0" */
1202 					size = 1;
1203 				/* space for decimal pt and following digits */
1204 				if (prec || flags & ALT)
1205 					size += prec + 1;
1206 				if (grouping && expt > 0) {
1207 					/* space for thousands' grouping */
1208 					nseps = nrepeats = 0;
1209 					lead = expt;
1210 					while (*grouping != CHAR_MAX) {
1211 						if (lead <= *grouping)
1212 							break;
1213 						lead -= *grouping;
1214 						if (*(grouping+1)) {
1215 							nseps++;
1216 							grouping++;
1217 						} else
1218 							nrepeats++;
1219 					}
1220 					size += nseps + nrepeats;
1221 				} else
1222 					lead = expt;
1223 			}
1224 			break;
1225 #endif /* !NO_FLOATING_POINT */
1226 		case 'n':
1227 			/*
1228 			 * Assignment-like behavior is specified if the
1229 			 * value overflows or is otherwise unrepresentable.
1230 			 * C99 says to use `signed char' for %hhn conversions.
1231 			 */
1232 			if (flags & LLONGINT)
1233 				*GETARG(long long *) = ret;
1234 			else if (flags & SIZET)
1235 				*GETARG(ssize_t *) = (ssize_t)ret;
1236 			else if (flags & PTRDIFFT)
1237 				*GETARG(ptrdiff_t *) = ret;
1238 			else if (flags & INTMAXT)
1239 				*GETARG(intmax_t *) = ret;
1240 			else if (flags & LONGINT)
1241 				*GETARG(long *) = ret;
1242 			else if (flags & SHORTINT)
1243 				*GETARG(short *) = ret;
1244 			else if (flags & CHARINT)
1245 				*GETARG(signed char *) = ret;
1246 			else
1247 				*GETARG(int *) = ret;
1248 			continue;	/* no output */
1249 		case 'O':
1250 			flags |= LONGINT;
1251 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1252 		case 'o':
1253 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE)
1254 				ujval = UJARG();
1255 			else
1256 				ulval = UARG();
1257 			base = 8;
1258 			goto nosign;
1259 		case 'p':
1260 			/*-
1261 			 * ``The argument shall be a pointer to void.  The
1262 			 * value of the pointer is converted to a sequence
1263 			 * of printable characters, in an implementation-
1264 			 * defined manner.''
1265 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
1266 			 */
1267 			ujval = (uintmax_t)(uintptr_t)GETARG(void *);
1268 			base = 16;
1269 			xdigs = xdigs_lower;
1270 			flags = flags | INTMAXT;
1271 			ox[1] = 'x';
1272 			goto nosign;
1273 		case 'S':
1274 			flags |= LONGINT;
1275 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1276 		case 's':
1277 			if ((flags & LONGINT) != MULTI) {
1278 				if ((result = GETARG(CHAR_T *)) == NULL)
1279 					result = STRCONST("(null)");
1280 			} else {
1281 				MCHAR_T *mc;
1282 
1283 				if (convbuf != NULL)
1284 					free(convbuf);
1285 				if ((mc = GETARG(MCHAR_T *)) == NULL)
1286 					result = STRCONST("(null)");
1287 				else {
1288 					convbuf = SCONV(mc, prec);
1289 					if (convbuf == NULL) {
1290 						fp->_flags |= __SERR;
1291 						goto error;
1292 					}
1293 					result = convbuf;
1294 				}
1295 			}
1296 
1297 			if (prec >= 0) {
1298 				/*
1299 				 * can't use STRLEN; can only look for the
1300 				 * NUL in the first `prec' characters, and
1301 				 * STRLEN() will go further.
1302 				 */
1303 				CHAR_T *p = MEMCHR(result, 0, (size_t)prec);
1304 
1305 				if (p != NULL) {
1306 					size = p - result;
1307 					if (size > prec)
1308 						size = prec;
1309 				} else
1310 					size = prec;
1311 			} else
1312 				size = STRLEN(result);
1313 			sign = '\0';
1314 			break;
1315 		case 'U':
1316 			flags |= LONGINT;
1317 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1318 		case 'u':
1319 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE)
1320 				ujval = UJARG();
1321 			else
1322 				ulval = UARG();
1323 			base = 10;
1324 			goto nosign;
1325 		case 'X':
1326 			xdigs = xdigs_upper;
1327 			goto hex;
1328 		case 'x':
1329 			xdigs = xdigs_lower;
1330 hex:
1331 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE)
1332 				ujval = UJARG();
1333 			else
1334 				ulval = UARG();
1335 			base = 16;
1336 			/* leading 0x/X only if non-zero */
1337 			if (flags & ALT &&
1338 			    (flags & INTMAX_SIZE ? ujval != 0 : ulval != 0))
1339 				ox[1] = ch;
1340 
1341 			flags &= ~GROUPING;
1342 			/* unsigned conversions */
1343 nosign:			sign = '\0';
1344 			/*-
1345 			 * ``... diouXx conversions ... if a precision is
1346 			 * specified, the 0 flag will be ignored.''
1347 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
1348 			 */
1349 number:			if ((dprec = prec) >= 0)
1350 				flags &= ~ZEROPAD;
1351 
1352 			/*-
1353 			 * ``The result of converting a zero value with an
1354 			 * explicit precision of zero is no characters.''
1355 			 *	-- ANSI X3J11
1356 			 *
1357 			 * ``The C Standard is clear enough as is.  The call
1358 			 * printf("%#.0o", 0) should print 0.''
1359 			 *	-- Defect Report #151
1360 			 */
1361 			result = cp = buf + BUF;
1362 			if (flags & INTMAX_SIZE) {
1363 				if (ujval != 0 || prec != 0 ||
1364 				    (flags & ALT && base == 8))
1365 					result = __ujtoa(ujval, cp, base,
1366 					    flags & ALT, xdigs,
1367 					    flags & GROUPING, thousands_sep,
1368 					    grouping);
1369 			} else {
1370 				if (ulval != 0 || prec != 0 ||
1371 				    (flags & ALT && base == 8))
1372 					result = __ultoa(ulval, cp, base,
1373 					    flags & ALT, xdigs,
1374 					    flags & GROUPING, thousands_sep,
1375 					    grouping);
1376 			}
1377 			size = buf + BUF - result;
1378 			if (size > BUF)	/* should never happen */
1379 				abort();
1380 			break;
1381 		default:	/* "%?" prints ?, unless ? is NUL */
1382 			if (ch == '\0')
1383 				goto done;
1384 			/* pretend it was %c with argument ch */
1385 			*buf = ch;
1386 			result = buf;
1387 			size = 1;
1388 			sign = '\0';
1389 			break;
1390 		}
1391 
1392 		/*
1393 		 * All reasonable formats wind up here.  At this point, `result'
1394 		 * points to a string which (if not flags&LADJUST) should be
1395 		 * padded out to `width' places.  If flags&ZEROPAD, it should
1396 		 * first be prefixed by any sign or other prefix; otherwise,
1397 		 * it should be blank padded before the prefix is emitted.
1398 		 * After any left-hand padding and prefixing, emit zeroes
1399 		 * required by a decimal [diouxX] precision, then print the
1400 		 * string proper, then emit zeroes required by any leftover
1401 		 * floating precision; finally, if LADJUST, pad with blanks.
1402 		 *
1403 		 * Compute actual size, so we know how much to pad.
1404 		 * size excludes decimal prec; realsz includes it.
1405 		 */
1406 		realsz = dprec > size ? dprec : size;
1407 		if (sign)
1408 			realsz++;
1409 		if (ox[1])
1410 			realsz += 2;
1411 
1412 		prsize = width > realsz ? width : realsz;
1413 		if ((unsigned)ret + prsize > INT_MAX) {
1414 			ret = END_OF_FILE;
1415 			goto error;
1416 		}
1417 
1418 		/* right-adjusting blank padding */
1419 		if ((flags & (LADJUST|ZEROPAD)) == 0)
1420 			PAD(width - realsz, blanks);
1421 
1422 		/* prefix */
1423 		if (sign)
1424 			PRINT(&sign, 1);
1425 
1426 		if (ox[1]) {	/* ox[1] is either x, X, or \0 */
1427 			ox[0] = '0';
1428 			PRINT(ox, 2);
1429 		}
1430 
1431 		/* right-adjusting zero padding */
1432 		if ((flags & (LADJUST|ZEROPAD)) == ZEROPAD)
1433 			PAD(width - realsz, zeroes);
1434 
1435 		/* leading zeroes from decimal precision */
1436 		PAD(dprec - size, zeroes);
1437 
1438 		/* the string or number proper */
1439 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1440 		if ((flags & FPT) == 0) {
1441 			PRINT(result, size);
1442 		} else {	/* glue together f_p fragments */
1443 			if (!expchar) {	/* %[fF] or sufficiently short %[gG] */
1444 				if (expt <= 0) {
1445 					PRINT(zeroes, 1);
1446 					if (prec || flags & ALT)
1447 						PRINT(decimal_point, 1);
1448 					PAD(-expt, zeroes);
1449 					/* already handled initial 0's */
1450 					prec += expt;
1451 				} else {
1452 					PRINTANDPAD(result, convbuf + ndig,
1453 					    lead, zeroes);
1454 					result += lead;
1455 					if (grouping) {
1456 						while (nseps>0 || nrepeats>0) {
1457 							if (nrepeats > 0)
1458 								nrepeats--;
1459 							else {
1460 								grouping--;
1461 								nseps--;
1462 							}
1463 							PRINT(&thousands_sep,
1464 							    1);
1465 							PRINTANDPAD(result,
1466 							    convbuf + ndig,
1467 							    *grouping, zeroes);
1468 							result += *grouping;
1469 						}
1470 						if (result > convbuf + ndig)
1471 							result = convbuf + ndig;
1472 					}
1473 					if (prec || flags & ALT) {
1474 						buf[0] = *decimal_point;
1475 						PRINT(buf, 1);
1476 					}
1477 				}
1478 				PRINTANDPAD(result, convbuf + ndig, prec,
1479 				    zeroes);
1480 			} else {	/* %[eE] or sufficiently long %[gG] */
1481 				if (prec > 1 || flags & ALT) {
1482 					buf[0] = *result++;
1483 					buf[1] = *decimal_point;
1484 					PRINT(buf, 2);
1485 					PRINT(result, ndig-1);
1486 					PAD(prec - ndig, zeroes);
1487 				} else	/* XeYYY */
1488 					PRINT(result, 1);
1489 				PRINT(expstr, expsize);
1490 			}
1491 		}
1492 #else
1493 		PRINT(result, size);
1494 #endif
1495 		/* left-adjusting padding (always blank) */
1496 		if (flags & LADJUST)
1497 			PAD(width - realsz, blanks);
1498 
1499 		/* finally, adjust ret */
1500 		ret += prsize;
1501 		FLUSH();
1502 	}
1503 done:
1504 	FLUSH();
1505 error:
1506 	va_end(orgap);
1507 	if (convbuf != NULL)
1508 		free(convbuf);
1509 	if (__sferror(fp))
1510 		ret = END_OF_FILE;
1511 	if ((argtable != NULL) && (argtable != statargtable))
1512 		free (argtable);
1513 	return (ret);
1514 	/* NOTREACHED */
1515 }
1516 
1517 /*
1518  * Find all arguments when a positional parameter is encountered.  Returns a
1519  * table, indexed by argument number, of pointers to each arguments.  The
1520  * initial argument table should be an array of STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE entries.
1521  * It will be replaces with a malloc-ed one if it overflows.
1522  */
1523 static void
1524 __find_arguments (const CHAR_T *fmt0, va_list ap, union arg **argtable)
1525 {
1526 	CHAR_T *fmt;		/* format string */
1527 	int ch;			/* character from fmt */
1528 	int n, n2;		/* handy integer (short term usage) */
1529 	CHAR_T *cp;		/* handy char pointer (short term usage) */
1530 	int flags;		/* flags as above */
1531 	enum typeid *typetable; /* table of types */
1532 	enum typeid stattypetable [STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE];
1533 	int tablesize;		/* current size of type table */
1534 	int tablemax;		/* largest used index in table */
1535 	int nextarg;		/* 1-based argument index */
1536 
1537 	/*
1538 	 * Add an argument type to the table, expanding if necessary.
1539 	 */
1540 #define ADDTYPE(type) \
1541 	/*LINTED null effect*/ \
1542 	(void)((nextarg >= tablesize) ? \
1543 		__grow_type_table(nextarg, &typetable, &tablesize) : (void)0, \
1544 	(nextarg > tablemax) ? tablemax = nextarg : 0, \
1545 	typetable[nextarg++] = type)
1546 
1547 #define	ADDSARG() \
1548 	(void)((flags&INTMAXT) ? ADDTYPE(T_INTMAXT) : \
1549 		((flags&SIZET) ? ADDTYPE(T_SIZET) : \
1550 		((flags&PTRDIFFT) ? ADDTYPE(T_PTRDIFFT) : \
1551 		((flags&LLONGINT) ? ADDTYPE(T_LLONG) : \
1552 		((flags&LONGINT) ? ADDTYPE(T_LONG) : ADDTYPE(T_INT))))))
1553 
1554 #define	ADDUARG() \
1555 	(void)((flags&INTMAXT) ? ADDTYPE(T_UINTMAXT) : \
1556 		((flags&SIZET) ? ADDTYPE(T_SIZET) : \
1557 		((flags&PTRDIFFT) ? ADDTYPE(T_PTRDIFFT) : \
1558 		((flags&LLONGINT) ? ADDTYPE(T_U_LLONG) : \
1559 		((flags&LONGINT) ? ADDTYPE(T_U_LONG) : ADDTYPE(T_U_INT))))))
1560 
1561 	/*
1562 	 * Add * arguments to the type array.
1563 	 */
1564 #define ADDASTER() \
1565 	n2 = 0; \
1566 	cp = fmt; \
1567 	while (is_digit(*cp)) { \
1568 		n2 = 10 * n2 + to_digit(*cp); \
1569 		cp++; \
1570 	} \
1571 	if (*cp == '$') { \
1572 		int hold = nextarg; \
1573 		nextarg = n2; \
1574 		ADDTYPE (T_INT); \
1575 		nextarg = hold; \
1576 		fmt = ++cp; \
1577 	} else { \
1578 		ADDTYPE (T_INT); \
1579 	}
1580 	fmt = (CHAR_T *)__UNCONST(fmt0);
1581 	typetable = stattypetable;
1582 	tablesize = STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE;
1583 	tablemax = 0;
1584 	nextarg = 1;
1585 	for (n = 0; n < STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE; n++)
1586 		typetable[n] = T_UNUSED;
1587 
1588 	/*
1589 	 * Scan the format for conversions (`%' character).
1590 	 */
1591 	for (;;) {
1592 		for (cp = fmt; (ch = *fmt) != '\0' && ch != '%'; fmt++)
1593 			/* void */;
1594 		if (ch == '\0')
1595 			goto done;
1596 		fmt++;		/* skip over '%' */
1597 
1598 		flags = 0;
1599 
1600 rflag:		ch = *fmt++;
1601 reswitch:	switch (ch) {
1602 		case ' ':
1603 		case '#':
1604 			goto rflag;
1605 		case '*':
1606 			ADDASTER ();
1607 			goto rflag;
1608 		case '-':
1609 		case '+':
1610 		case '\'':
1611 			goto rflag;
1612 		case '.':
1613 			if ((ch = *fmt++) == '*') {
1614 				ADDASTER ();
1615 				goto rflag;
1616 			}
1617 			while (is_digit(ch)) {
1618 				ch = *fmt++;
1619 			}
1620 			goto reswitch;
1621 		case '0':
1622 			goto rflag;
1623 		case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
1624 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
1625 			n = 0;
1626 			do {
1627 				n = 10 * n + to_digit(ch);
1628 				ch = *fmt++;
1629 			} while (is_digit(ch));
1630 			if (ch == '$') {
1631 				nextarg = n;
1632 				goto rflag;
1633 			}
1634 			goto reswitch;
1635 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1636 		case 'L':
1637 			flags |= LONGDBL;
1638 			goto rflag;
1639 #endif
1640 		case 'h':
1641 			if (flags & SHORTINT) {
1642 				flags &= ~SHORTINT;
1643 				flags |= CHARINT;
1644 			} else
1645 				flags |= SHORTINT;
1646 			goto rflag;
1647 		case 'j':
1648 			flags |= INTMAXT;
1649 			goto rflag;
1650 		case 'l':
1651 			if (flags & LONGINT) {
1652 				flags &= ~LONGINT;
1653 				flags |= LLONGINT;
1654 			} else
1655 				flags |= LONGINT;
1656 			goto rflag;
1657 		case 'q':
1658 			flags |= LLONGINT;	/* not necessarily */
1659 			goto rflag;
1660 		case 't':
1661 			flags |= PTRDIFFT;
1662 			goto rflag;
1663 		case 'z':
1664 			flags |= SIZET;
1665 			goto rflag;
1666 		case 'C':
1667 			flags |= LONGINT;
1668 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1669 		case 'c':
1670 			if (flags & LONGINT)
1671 				ADDTYPE(T_WINT);
1672 			else
1673 				ADDTYPE(T_INT);
1674 			break;
1675 		case 'D':
1676 			flags |= LONGINT;
1677 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1678 		case 'd':
1679 		case 'i':
1680 			ADDSARG();
1681 			break;
1682 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1683 		case 'a':
1684 		case 'A':
1685 		case 'e':
1686 		case 'E':
1687 		case 'f':
1688 		case 'g':
1689 		case 'G':
1690 			if (flags & LONGDBL)
1691 				ADDTYPE(T_LONG_DOUBLE);
1692 			else
1693 				ADDTYPE(T_DOUBLE);
1694 			break;
1695 #endif /* !NO_FLOATING_POINT */
1696 		case 'n':
1697 			if (flags & INTMAXT)
1698 				ADDTYPE(TP_INTMAXT);
1699 			else if (flags & PTRDIFFT)
1700 				ADDTYPE(TP_PTRDIFFT);
1701 			else if (flags & SIZET)
1702 				ADDTYPE(TP_SIZET);
1703 			else if (flags & LLONGINT)
1704 				ADDTYPE(TP_LLONG);
1705 			else if (flags & LONGINT)
1706 				ADDTYPE(TP_LONG);
1707 			else if (flags & SHORTINT)
1708 				ADDTYPE(TP_SHORT);
1709 			else if (flags & CHARINT)
1710 				ADDTYPE(TP_SCHAR);
1711 			else
1712 				ADDTYPE(TP_INT);
1713 			continue;	/* no output */
1714 		case 'O':
1715 			flags |= LONGINT;
1716 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1717 		case 'o':
1718 			ADDUARG();
1719 			break;
1720 		case 'p':
1721 			ADDTYPE(TP_VOID);
1722 			break;
1723 		case 'S':
1724 			flags |= LONGINT;
1725 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1726 		case 's':
1727 			if (flags & LONGINT)
1728 				ADDTYPE(TP_WCHAR);
1729 			else
1730 				ADDTYPE(TP_CHAR);
1731 			break;
1732 		case 'U':
1733 			flags |= LONGINT;
1734 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1735 		case 'u':
1736 		case 'X':
1737 		case 'x':
1738 			ADDUARG();
1739 			break;
1740 		default:	/* "%?" prints ?, unless ? is NUL */
1741 			if (ch == '\0')
1742 				goto done;
1743 			break;
1744 		}
1745 	}
1746 done:
1747 	/*
1748 	 * Build the argument table.
1749 	 */
1750 	if (tablemax >= STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE) {
1751 		*argtable = (union arg *)
1752 		    malloc (sizeof (union arg) * (tablemax + 1));
1753 	}
1754 
1755 	(*argtable) [0].intarg = 0;
1756 	for (n = 1; n <= tablemax; n++) {
1757 		switch (typetable [n]) {
1758 		    case T_UNUSED: /* whoops! */
1759 			(*argtable) [n].intarg = va_arg (ap, int);
1760 			break;
1761 		    case TP_SCHAR:
1762 			(*argtable) [n].pschararg = va_arg (ap, signed char *);
1763 			break;
1764 		    case TP_SHORT:
1765 			(*argtable) [n].pshortarg = va_arg (ap, short *);
1766 			break;
1767 		    case T_INT:
1768 			(*argtable) [n].intarg = va_arg (ap, int);
1769 			break;
1770 		    case T_U_INT:
1771 			(*argtable) [n].uintarg = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
1772 			break;
1773 		    case TP_INT:
1774 			(*argtable) [n].pintarg = va_arg (ap, int *);
1775 			break;
1776 		    case T_LONG:
1777 			(*argtable) [n].longarg = va_arg (ap, long);
1778 			break;
1779 		    case T_U_LONG:
1780 			(*argtable) [n].ulongarg = va_arg (ap, unsigned long);
1781 			break;
1782 		    case TP_LONG:
1783 			(*argtable) [n].plongarg = va_arg (ap, long *);
1784 			break;
1785 		    case T_LLONG:
1786 			(*argtable) [n].longlongarg = va_arg (ap, long long);
1787 			break;
1788 		    case T_U_LLONG:
1789 			(*argtable) [n].ulonglongarg = va_arg (ap, unsigned long long);
1790 			break;
1791 		    case TP_LLONG:
1792 			(*argtable) [n].plonglongarg = va_arg (ap, long long *);
1793 			break;
1794 		    case T_PTRDIFFT:
1795 			(*argtable) [n].ptrdiffarg = va_arg (ap, ptrdiff_t);
1796 			break;
1797 		    case TP_PTRDIFFT:
1798 			(*argtable) [n].pptrdiffarg = va_arg (ap, ptrdiff_t *);
1799 			break;
1800 		    case T_SIZET:
1801 			(*argtable) [n].sizearg = va_arg (ap, size_t);
1802 			break;
1803 		    case TP_SIZET:
1804 			(*argtable) [n].psizearg = va_arg (ap, size_t *);
1805 			break;
1806 		    case T_INTMAXT:
1807 			(*argtable) [n].intmaxarg = va_arg (ap, intmax_t);
1808 			break;
1809 		    case T_UINTMAXT:
1810 			(*argtable) [n].uintmaxarg = va_arg (ap, uintmax_t);
1811 			break;
1812 		    case TP_INTMAXT:
1813 			(*argtable) [n].pintmaxarg = va_arg (ap, intmax_t *);
1814 			break;
1815 		    case T_DOUBLE:
1816 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1817 			(*argtable) [n].doublearg = va_arg (ap, double);
1818 #endif
1819 			break;
1820 		    case T_LONG_DOUBLE:
1821 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1822 			(*argtable) [n].longdoublearg = va_arg (ap, long double);
1823 #endif
1824 			break;
1825 		    case TP_CHAR:
1826 			(*argtable) [n].pchararg = va_arg (ap, char *);
1827 			break;
1828 		    case TP_VOID:
1829 			(*argtable) [n].pvoidarg = va_arg (ap, void *);
1830 			break;
1831 		    case T_WINT:
1832 			(*argtable) [n].wintarg = va_arg (ap, wint_t);
1833 			break;
1834 		    case TP_WCHAR:
1835 			(*argtable) [n].pwchararg = va_arg (ap, wchar_t *);
1836 			break;
1837 		}
1838 	}
1839 
1840 	if ((typetable != NULL) && (typetable != stattypetable))
1841 		free (typetable);
1842 }
1843 
1844 /*
1845  * Increase the size of the type table.
1846  */
1847 static void
1848 __grow_type_table (int nextarg, enum typeid **typetable, int *tablesize)
1849 {
1850 	enum typeid *const oldtable = *typetable;
1851 	const int oldsize = *tablesize;
1852 	enum typeid *newtable;
1853 	int n, newsize = oldsize * 2;
1854 
1855 	if (newsize < nextarg + 1)
1856 		newsize = nextarg + 1;
1857 	if (oldsize == STATIC_ARG_TBL_SIZE) {
1858 		if ((newtable = malloc(newsize * sizeof(enum typeid))) == NULL)
1859 			abort();			/* XXX handle better */
1860 		memcpy(newtable, oldtable, oldsize * sizeof(enum typeid));
1861 	} else {
1862 		newtable = realloc(oldtable, newsize * sizeof(enum typeid));
1863 		if (newtable == NULL)
1864 			abort();			/* XXX handle better */
1865 	}
1866 	for (n = oldsize; n < newsize; n++)
1867 		newtable[n] = T_UNUSED;
1868 
1869 	*typetable = newtable;
1870 	*tablesize = newsize;
1871 }
1872 
1873 
1874 #ifndef NO_FLOATING_POINT
1875 #ifndef WIDE_DOUBLE
1876 static char *
1877 cvt(double value, int ndigits, int flags, char *sign, int *decpt, int ch,
1878     int *length)
1879 {
1880 	int mode, dsgn;
1881 	char *digits, *bp, *rve;
1882 
1883 	_DIAGASSERT(decpt != NULL);
1884 	_DIAGASSERT(length != NULL);
1885 	_DIAGASSERT(sign != NULL);
1886 
1887 	if (ch == 'f') {
1888 		mode = 3;		/* ndigits after the decimal point */
1889 	} else {
1890 		/* To obtain ndigits after the decimal point for the 'e'
1891 		 * and 'E' formats, round to ndigits + 1 significant
1892 		 * figures.
1893 		 */
1894 		if (ch == 'e' || ch == 'E') {
1895 			ndigits++;
1896 		}
1897 		mode = 2;		/* ndigits significant digits */
1898 	}
1899 
1900 	digits = __dtoa(value, mode, ndigits, decpt, &dsgn, &rve);
1901 	if (dsgn) {
1902 		value = -value;
1903 		*sign = '-';
1904 	} else
1905 		*sign = '\000';
1906 	if ((ch != 'g' && ch != 'G') || flags & ALT) {	/* Print trailing zeros */
1907 		bp = digits + ndigits;
1908 		if (ch == 'f') {
1909 			if (*digits == '0' && value)
1910 				*decpt = -ndigits + 1;
1911 			bp += *decpt;
1912 		}
1913 		if (value == 0)	/* kludge for __dtoa irregularity */
1914 			rve = bp;
1915 		while (rve < bp)
1916 			*rve++ = '0';
1917 	}
1918 	*length = rve - digits;
1919 	return digits;
1920 }
1921 #endif
1922 
1923 static int
1924 exponent(CHAR_T *p0, int expo, int fmtch)
1925 {
1926 	CHAR_T *p, *t;
1927 	CHAR_T expbuf[MAXEXPDIG];
1928 
1929 	p = p0;
1930 	*p++ = fmtch;
1931 	if (expo < 0) {
1932 		expo = -expo;
1933 		*p++ = '-';
1934 	}
1935 	else
1936 		*p++ = '+';
1937 	t = expbuf + MAXEXPDIG;
1938 	if (expo > 9) {
1939 		do {
1940 			*--t = to_char(expo % 10);
1941 		} while ((expo /= 10) > 9);
1942 		*--t = to_char(expo);
1943 		for (; t < expbuf + MAXEXPDIG; *p++ = *t++);
1944 	}
1945 	else {
1946 		/*
1947 		 * Exponents for decimal floating point conversions
1948 		 * (%[eEgG]) must be at least two characters long,
1949 		 * whereas exponents for hexadecimal conversions can
1950 		 * be only one character long.
1951 		 */
1952 		if (fmtch == 'e' || fmtch == 'E')
1953 			*p++ = '0';
1954 		*p++ = to_char(expo);
1955 	}
1956 	return (p - p0);
1957 }
1958 #endif /* !NO_FLOATING_POINT */
1959