xref: /minix3/external/bsd/top/dist/machine/m_linuxthr.c (revision b89261ba018da33f0bd8cd05f5a1fe9e7a9c837b)

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1984 through 2008, William LeFebvre
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
 *
 *     * Neither the name of William LeFebvre nor the names of other
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * top - a top users display for Unix
 *
 * SYNOPSIS:  2.x with thread eliding
 *
 * DESCRIPTION:
 * This is the machine-dependent module for Linux 2.x that elides threads
 * from the output.
 *
 * CFLAGS: -DHAVE_GETOPT -DHAVE_STRERROR -DORDER
 *
 * TERMCAP: -lcurses
 *
 * AUTHOR: Richard Henderson <rth@tamu.edu>
 * Order support added by Alexey Klimkin <kad@klon.tme.mcst.ru>
 * Ported to 2.4 by William LeFebvre
 * Thread eliding by William LeFebvre
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/vfs.h>

#include <sys/param.h>		/* for HZ */
#include <asm/page.h>		/* for PAGE_SHIFT */

#if 0
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>	/* for PROC_SUPER_MAGIC */
#else
#define PROC_SUPER_MAGIC 0x9fa0
#endif

#include "top.h"
#include "machine.h"
#include "utils.h"

#define PROCFS "/proc"
extern char *myname;

/*=PROCESS INFORMATION==================================================*/

struct top_proc
{
    pid_t pid;
    pid_t ppid;
    uid_t uid;
    char *name;
    int pri, nice;
    unsigned long size, rss;	/* in k */
    int state;
    unsigned long time;
    unsigned long start_time;
    unsigned long otime;
    unsigned long start_code;
    unsigned long end_code;
    unsigned long start_stack;
    unsigned int threads;
    double pcpu, wcpu;
    struct top_proc *next;
};


/*=STATE IDENT STRINGS==================================================*/

#define NPROCSTATES 7
static char *state_abbrev[NPROCSTATES+1] =
{
    "", "run", "sleep", "disk", "zomb", "stop", "swap",
    NULL
};

static char *procstatenames[NPROCSTATES+1] =
{
    "", " running, ", " sleeping, ", " uninterruptable, ",
    " zombie, ", " stopped, ", " swapping, ",
    NULL
};

#define NCPUSTATES 4
static char *cpustatenames[NCPUSTATES+1] =
{
    "user", "nice", "system", "idle",
    NULL
};

#define MEMUSED    0
#define MEMFREE    1
#define MEMSHARED  2
#define MEMBUFFERS 3
#define MEMCACHED  4
#define NMEMSTATS  5
static char *memorynames[NMEMSTATS+1] =
{
    "K used, ", "K free, ", "K shared, ", "K buffers, ", "K cached",
    NULL
};

#define SWAPUSED   0
#define SWAPFREE   1
#define SWAPCACHED 2
#define NSWAPSTATS 3
static char *swapnames[NSWAPSTATS+1] =
{
    "K used, ", "K free, ", "K cached",
    NULL
};

static char fmt_header[] =
"  PID X        THR PRI NICE  SIZE   RES STATE   TIME    CPU COMMAND";

/* these are names given to allowed sorting orders -- first is default */
char *ordernames[] =
{"cpu", "size", "res", "time", "command", NULL};

/* forward definitions for comparison functions */
int compare_cpu();
int compare_size();
int compare_res();
int compare_time();
int compare_cmd();

int (*proc_compares[])() = {
    compare_cpu,
    compare_size,
    compare_res,
    compare_time,
    compare_cmd,
    NULL };

/*=SYSTEM STATE INFO====================================================*/

/* these are for calculating cpu state percentages */

static long cp_time[NCPUSTATES];
static long cp_old[NCPUSTATES];
static long cp_diff[NCPUSTATES];

/* for calculating the exponential average */

static struct timeval lasttime;

/* these are for keeping track of processes */

#define HASH_SIZE	     (1003)
#define INITIAL_ACTIVE_SIZE  (256)
#define PROCBLOCK_SIZE       (32)
static struct top_proc *ptable[HASH_SIZE];
static struct top_proc **pactive;
static struct top_proc **nextactive;
static unsigned int activesize = 0;
static time_t boottime = -1;

/* these are for passing data back to the machine independant portion */

static int cpu_states[NCPUSTATES];
static int process_states[NPROCSTATES];
static long memory_stats[NMEMSTATS];
static long swap_stats[NSWAPSTATS];

/* usefull macros */
#define bytetok(x)	(((x) + 512) >> 10)
#define pagetok(x)	((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10))
#define HASH(x)		(((x) * 1686629713U) % HASH_SIZE)

/*======================================================================*/

static inline char *
skip_ws(const char *p)
{
    while (isspace(*p)) p++;
    return (char *)p;
}

static inline char *
skip_token(const char *p)
{
    while (isspace(*p)) p++;
    while (*p && !isspace(*p)) p++;
    return (char *)p;
}

static void
xfrm_cmdline(char *p, int len)
{
    while (--len > 0)
    {
	if (*p == '\0')
	{
	    *p = ' ';
	}
	p++;
    }
}

static void
update_procname(struct top_proc *proc, char *cmd)

{
    printable(cmd);

    if (proc->name == NULL)
    {
	proc->name = strdup(cmd);
    }
    else if (strcmp(proc->name, cmd) != 0)
    {
	free(proc->name);
	proc->name = strdup(cmd);
    }
}




/*
 * Process structures are allocated and freed as needed.  Here we
 * keep big pools of them, adding more pool as needed.  When a
 * top_proc structure is freed, it is added to a freelist and reused.
 */

static struct top_proc *freelist = NULL;
static struct top_proc *procblock = NULL;
static struct top_proc *procmax = NULL;

static struct top_proc *
new_proc()
{
    struct top_proc *p;

    if (freelist)
    {
	p = freelist;
	freelist = freelist->next;
    }
    else if (procblock)
    {
	p = procblock;
	if (++procblock >= procmax)
	{
	    procblock = NULL;
	}
    }
    else
    {
	p = procblock = (struct top_proc *)calloc(PROCBLOCK_SIZE,
						  sizeof(struct top_proc));
	procmax = procblock++ + PROCBLOCK_SIZE;
    }

    /* initialization */
    if (p->name != NULL)
    {
	free(p->name);
	p->name = NULL;
    }

    return p;
}

static void
free_proc(struct top_proc *proc)
{
    proc->next = freelist;
    freelist = proc;
}


int
machine_init(struct statics *statics)

{
    /* make sure the proc filesystem is mounted */
    {
	struct statfs sb;
	if (statfs(PROCFS, &sb) < 0 || sb.f_type != PROC_SUPER_MAGIC)
	{
	    fprintf(stderr, "%s: proc filesystem not mounted on " PROCFS "\n",
		    myname);
	    return -1;
	}
    }

    /* chdir to the proc filesystem to make things easier */
    chdir(PROCFS);

    /* get a boottime */
    {
	int fd;
	char buff[64];
	char *p;
	unsigned long uptime;
	struct timeval tv;

	if ((fd = open("uptime", 0)) != -1)
	{
	    if (read(fd, buff, sizeof(buff)) > 0)
	    {
		uptime = strtoul(buff, &p, 10);
		gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
		boottime = tv.tv_sec - uptime;
	    }
	    close(fd);
	}
    }

    /* fill in the statics information */
    statics->procstate_names = procstatenames;
    statics->cpustate_names = cpustatenames;
    statics->memory_names = memorynames;
    statics->swap_names = swapnames;
    statics->order_names = ordernames;
    statics->boottime = boottime;
    statics->flags.fullcmds = 1;
    statics->flags.warmup = 1;

    /* allocate needed space */
    pactive = (struct top_proc **)malloc(sizeof(struct top_proc *) * INITIAL_ACTIVE_SIZE);
    activesize = INITIAL_ACTIVE_SIZE;

    /* make sure the hash table is empty */
    memset(ptable, 0, HASH_SIZE * sizeof(struct top_proc *));

    /* all done! */
    return 0;
}


void
get_system_info(struct system_info *info)

{
    char buffer[4096+1];
    int fd, len;
    char *p;

    /* get load averages */

    if ((fd = open("loadavg", O_RDONLY)) != -1)
    {
	if ((len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1)) > 0)
	{
	    buffer[len] = '\0';

	    info->load_avg[0] = strtod(buffer, &p);
	    info->load_avg[1] = strtod(p, &p);
	    info->load_avg[2] = strtod(p, &p);
	    p = skip_token(p);			/* skip running/tasks */
	    p = skip_ws(p);
	    if (*p)
	    {
		info->last_pid = atoi(p);
	    }
	    else
	    {
		info->last_pid = -1;
	    }
	}
	close(fd);
    }

    /* get the cpu time info */
    if ((fd = open("stat", O_RDONLY)) != -1)
    {
	if ((len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1)) > 0)
	{
	    buffer[len] = '\0';
	    p = skip_token(buffer);			/* "cpu" */
	    cp_time[0] = strtoul(p, &p, 0);
	    cp_time[1] = strtoul(p, &p, 0);
	    cp_time[2] = strtoul(p, &p, 0);
	    cp_time[3] = strtoul(p, &p, 0);

	    /* convert cp_time counts to percentages */
	    percentages(4, cpu_states, cp_time, cp_old, cp_diff);
	}
	close(fd);
    }

    /* get system wide memory usage */
    if ((fd = open("meminfo", O_RDONLY)) != -1)
    {
	char *p;
	int mem = 0;
	int swap = 0;
	unsigned long memtotal = 0;
	unsigned long memfree = 0;
	unsigned long swaptotal = 0;

	if ((len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1)) > 0)
	{
	    buffer[len] = '\0';
	    p = buffer-1;

	    /* iterate thru the lines */
	    while (p != NULL)
	    {
		p++;
		if (p[0] == ' ' || p[0] == '\t')
		{
		    /* skip */
		}
		else if (strncmp(p, "Mem:", 4) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);			/* "Mem:" */
		    p = skip_token(p);			/* total memory */
		    memory_stats[MEMUSED] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    memory_stats[MEMFREE] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    memory_stats[MEMSHARED] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    memory_stats[MEMBUFFERS] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    memory_stats[MEMCACHED] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    memory_stats[MEMUSED] = bytetok(memory_stats[MEMUSED]);
		    memory_stats[MEMFREE] = bytetok(memory_stats[MEMFREE]);
		    memory_stats[MEMSHARED] = bytetok(memory_stats[MEMSHARED]);
		    memory_stats[MEMBUFFERS] = bytetok(memory_stats[MEMBUFFERS]);
		    memory_stats[MEMCACHED] = bytetok(memory_stats[MEMCACHED]);
		    mem = 1;
		}
		else if (strncmp(p, "Swap:", 5) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);			/* "Swap:" */
		    p = skip_token(p);			/* total swap */
		    swap_stats[SWAPUSED] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    swap_stats[SWAPFREE] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    swap_stats[SWAPUSED] = bytetok(swap_stats[SWAPUSED]);
		    swap_stats[SWAPFREE] = bytetok(swap_stats[SWAPFREE]);
		    swap = 1;
		}
		else if (!mem && strncmp(p, "MemTotal:", 9) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);
		    memtotal = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		}
		else if (!mem && memtotal > 0 && strncmp(p, "MemFree:", 8) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);
		    memfree = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    memory_stats[MEMUSED] = memtotal - memfree;
		    memory_stats[MEMFREE] = memfree;
		}
		else if (!mem && strncmp(p, "MemShared:", 10) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);
		    memory_stats[MEMSHARED] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		}
		else if (!mem && strncmp(p, "Buffers:", 8) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);
		    memory_stats[MEMBUFFERS] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		}
		else if (!mem && strncmp(p, "Cached:", 7) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);
		    memory_stats[MEMCACHED] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		}
		else if (!swap && strncmp(p, "SwapTotal:", 10) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);
		    swaptotal = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		}
		else if (!swap && swaptotal > 0 && strncmp(p, "SwapFree:", 9) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);
		    memfree = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		    swap_stats[SWAPUSED] = swaptotal - memfree;
		    swap_stats[SWAPFREE] = memfree;
		}
		else if (!mem && strncmp(p, "SwapCached:", 11) == 0)
		{
		    p = skip_token(p);
		    swap_stats[SWAPCACHED] = strtoul(p, &p, 10);
		}

		/* move to the next line */
		p = strchr(p, '\n');
	    }
	}
	close(fd);
    }

    /* set arrays and strings */
    info->cpustates = cpu_states;
    info->memory = memory_stats;
    info->swap = swap_stats;
}


static void
read_one_proc_stat(pid_t pid, struct top_proc *proc, struct process_select *sel)
{
    char buffer[4096], *p, *q;
    int fd, len;
    int fullcmd;

    /* if anything goes wrong, we return with proc->state == 0 */
    proc->state = 0;

    /* full cmd handling */
    fullcmd = sel->fullcmd;
    if (fullcmd)
    {
	sprintf(buffer, "%d/cmdline", pid);
	if ((fd = open(buffer, O_RDONLY)) != -1)
	{
	    /* read command line data */
	    /* (theres no sense in reading more than we can fit) */
	    if ((len = read(fd, buffer, MAX_COLS)) > 1)
	    {
		buffer[len] = '\0';
		xfrm_cmdline(buffer, len);
		update_procname(proc, buffer);
	    }
	    else
	    {
		fullcmd = 0;
	    }
	    close(fd);
	}
	else
	{
	    fullcmd = 0;
	}
    }

    /* grab the proc stat info in one go */
    sprintf(buffer, "%d/stat", pid);

    fd = open(buffer, O_RDONLY);
    len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
    close(fd);

    buffer[len] = '\0';

    proc->uid = (uid_t)proc_owner((int)pid);

    /* parse out the status */

    /* skip pid and locate command, which is in parentheses */
    if ((p = strchr(buffer, '(')) == NULL)
    {
	return;
    }
    if ((q = strrchr(++p, ')')) == NULL)
    {
	return;
    }

    /* set the procname */
    *q = '\0';
    if (!fullcmd)
    {
	update_procname(proc, p);
    }

    /* scan the rest of the line */
    p = q+1;
    p = skip_ws(p);
    switch (*p++)				/* state */
    {
    case 'R': proc->state = 1; break;
    case 'S': proc->state = 2; break;
    case 'D': proc->state = 3; break;
    case 'Z': proc->state = 4; break;
    case 'T': proc->state = 5; break;
    case 'W': proc->state = 6; break;
    case '\0': return;
    }

    proc->ppid = strtoul(p, &p, 10);		/* ppid */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip pgrp */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip session */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip tty */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip tty pgrp */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip flags */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip min flt */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip cmin flt */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip maj flt */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip cmaj flt */

    proc->time = strtoul(p, &p, 10);		/* utime */
    proc->time += strtoul(p, &p, 10);		/* stime */

    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip cutime */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip cstime */

    proc->pri = strtol(p, &p, 10);		/* priority */
    proc->nice = strtol(p, &p, 10);		/* nice */

    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip timeout */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip it_real_val */
    proc->start_time = strtoul(p, &p, 10);	/* start_time */

    proc->size = bytetok(strtoul(p, &p, 10));	/* vsize */
    proc->rss = pagetok(strtoul(p, &p, 10));	/* rss */

    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip rlim */
    proc->start_code = strtoul(p, &p, 10);	/* start_code */
    proc->end_code = strtoul(p, &p, 10);	/* end_code */
    proc->start_stack = strtoul(p, &p, 10);	/* start_stack */

    /* for the record, here are the rest of the fields */
#if 0
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip sp */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip pc */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip signal */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip sigblocked */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip sigignore */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip sigcatch */
    p = skip_token(p);				/* skip wchan */
#endif
}


caddr_t
get_process_info(struct system_info *si,
		 struct process_select *sel,
		 int compare_index)
{
    struct timeval thistime;
    double timediff, alpha, beta;
    struct top_proc *proc;
    pid_t pid;
    unsigned long now;
    unsigned long elapsed;
    int i;

    /* calculate the time difference since our last check */
    gettimeofday(&thistime, 0);
    if (lasttime.tv_sec)
    {
	timediff = ((thistime.tv_sec - lasttime.tv_sec) +
		    (thistime.tv_usec - lasttime.tv_usec) * 1e-6);
    }
    else
    {
	timediff = 0;
    }
    lasttime = thistime;

    /* round current time to a second */
    now = (unsigned long)thistime.tv_sec;
    if (thistime.tv_usec >= 500000)
    {
	now++;
    }

    /* calculate constants for the exponental average */
    if (timediff > 0.0 && timediff < 30.0)
    {
	alpha = 0.5 * (timediff / 30.0);
	beta = 1.0 - alpha;
    }
    else
	alpha = beta = 0.5;
    timediff *= HZ;  /* convert to ticks */

    /* mark all hash table entries as not seen */
    for (i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; ++i)
    {
	for (proc = ptable[i]; proc; proc = proc->next)
	{
	    proc->state = 0;
	}
    }

    /* read the process information */
    {
	DIR *dir = opendir(".");
	struct dirent *ent;
	int total_procs = 0;
	struct top_proc **active;

	int show_idle = sel->idle;
	int show_uid = sel->uid != -1;

	memset(process_states, 0, sizeof(process_states));

	while ((ent = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
	{
	    struct top_proc *pp;

	    if (!isdigit(ent->d_name[0]))
		continue;

	    pid = atoi(ent->d_name);

	    /* look up hash table entry */
	    proc = pp = ptable[HASH(pid)];
	    while (proc && proc->pid != pid)
	    {
		proc = proc->next;
	    }

	    /* if we came up empty, create a new entry */
	    if (proc == NULL)
	    {
		proc = new_proc();
		proc->pid = pid;
		proc->next = pp;
		ptable[HASH(pid)] = proc;
		proc->time = proc->otime = 0;
	    }

	    read_one_proc_stat(pid, proc, sel);
	    proc->threads = 1;

	    if (proc->state == 0)
		continue;

	    total_procs++;
	    process_states[proc->state]++;

	    /* calculate cpu percentage */
	    if (timediff > 0.0)
	    {
		if ((proc->pcpu = (proc->time - proc->otime) / timediff) < 0.0001)
		{
		    proc->pcpu = 0;
		}
	    }
	    else if ((elapsed = (now - boottime)*HZ - proc->start_time) > 0)
	    {
		if ((proc->pcpu = (double)proc->time / (double)elapsed) < 0.0001)
		{
		    proc->pcpu;
		}
	    }
	    else
	    {
		proc->pcpu = 0.0;
	    }

	    /* remember time for next time */
	    proc->otime = proc->time;
	}
	closedir(dir);

	/* make sure we have enough slots for the active procs */
	if (activesize < total_procs)
	{
	    pactive = (struct top_proc **)realloc(pactive,
			  sizeof(struct top_proc *) * total_procs);
	    activesize = total_procs;
	}

	/* set up the active procs and flush dead entries */
	/* also coalesce threads */
	active = pactive;
	for (i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; i++)
	{
	    struct top_proc *last;
	    struct top_proc *ptmp;
	    struct top_proc *parent;

	    last = NULL;
	    proc = ptable[i];
	    while (proc != NULL)
	    {
		if (proc->state == 0)
		{
		    ptmp = proc;
		    if (last)
		    {
			proc = last->next = proc->next;
		    }
		    else
		    {
			proc = ptable[i] = proc->next;
		    }
		    free_proc(ptmp);
		}
		else
		{
		    /* look up hash table entry for parent */
		    parent = proc;
		    do {
			pid = parent->ppid;
			parent = ptable[HASH(pid)];
			while (parent && parent->pid != pid)
			{
			    parent = parent->next;
			}
		    } while (parent && parent->state == 0);

		    /* does this look like a thread of its parent? */
		    if (parent && proc->size == parent->size &&
			proc->rss == parent->rss &&
			proc->start_code == parent->start_code &&
			proc->end_code == parent->end_code &&
			proc->start_stack == parent->start_stack)
		    {
			/* yes it does: roll up the cumulative numbers */
			parent->threads += proc->threads;
			parent->time += proc->time;
			parent->pcpu += proc->pcpu;

			/* mark this process as dead (undisplayable) */
			proc->state = 0;
		    }
		    else if ((show_idle || proc->state == 1 || proc->pcpu) &&
			     (!show_uid || proc->uid == sel->uid))
		    {
			*active++ = proc;
			last = proc;
		    }
		    proc = proc->next;
		}
	    }
	}

	si->p_active = active - pactive;
	si->p_total = total_procs;
	si->procstates = process_states;
    }

    /* if requested, sort the "active" procs */
    if (si->p_active)
	qsort(pactive, si->p_active, sizeof(struct top_proc *),
	      proc_compares[compare_index]);

    /* don't even pretend that the return value thing here isn't bogus */
    nextactive = pactive;
    return (caddr_t)0;
}


char *
format_header(char *uname_field)

{
    int uname_len = strlen(uname_field);
    if (uname_len > 8)
	uname_len = 8;

    memcpy(strchr(fmt_header, 'X'), uname_field, uname_len);

    return fmt_header;
}


char *
format_next_process(caddr_t handle, char *(*get_userid)(int))

{
    static char fmt[MAX_COLS];	/* static area where result is built */
    struct top_proc *p = *nextactive++;

    snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt),
	    "%5d %-8.8s %3d %3d %4d %5s %5s %-5s %6s %5.2f%% %s",
	    p->pid,
	    (*get_userid)(p->uid),
	    p->threads,
	    p->pri < -99 ? -99 : p->pri,
	    p->nice,
	    format_k(p->size),
	    format_k(p->rss),
	    state_abbrev[p->state],
	    format_time(p->time / HZ),
	    p->pcpu * 100.0,
	    p->name);

    /* return the result */
    return (fmt);
}

/* comparison routines for qsort */

/*
 * There are currently four possible comparison routines.  main selects
 * one of these by indexing in to the array proc_compares.
 *
 * Possible keys are defined as macros below.  Currently these keys are
 * defined:  percent cpu, cpu ticks, process state, resident set size,
 * total virtual memory usage.  The process states are ordered as follows
 * (from least to most important):  WAIT, zombie, sleep, stop, start, run.
 * The array declaration below maps a process state index into a number
 * that reflects this ordering.
 */

/* First, the possible comparison keys.  These are defined in such a way
   that they can be merely listed in the source code to define the actual
   desired ordering.
 */

#define ORDERKEY_PCTCPU  if (dresult = p2->pcpu - p1->pcpu,\
							 (result = dresult > 0.0 ? 1 : dresult < 0.0 ? -1 : 0) == 0)
#define ORDERKEY_CPTICKS if ((result = (long)p2->time - (long)p1->time) == 0)
#define ORDERKEY_STATE   if ((result = (sort_state[p2->state] - \
			sort_state[p1->state])) == 0)
#define ORDERKEY_PRIO    if ((result = p2->pri - p1->pri) == 0)
#define ORDERKEY_RSSIZE  if ((result = p2->rss - p1->rss) == 0)
#define ORDERKEY_MEM     if ((result = p2->size - p1->size) == 0)
#define ORDERKEY_NAME    if ((result = strcmp(p1->name, p2->name)) == 0)

/* Now the array that maps process state to a weight */

unsigned char sort_state[] =
{
	0,	/* empty */
	6, 	/* run */
	3,	/* sleep */
	5,	/* disk wait */
	1,	/* zombie */
	2,	/* stop */
	4	/* swap */
};


/* compare_cpu - the comparison function for sorting by cpu percentage */

int
compare_cpu (
	       struct top_proc **pp1,
	       struct top_proc **pp2)
  {
    register struct top_proc *p1;
    register struct top_proc *p2;
    register long result;
    double dresult;

    /* remove one level of indirection */
    p1 = *pp1;
    p2 = *pp2;

    ORDERKEY_PCTCPU
    ORDERKEY_CPTICKS
    ORDERKEY_STATE
    ORDERKEY_PRIO
    ORDERKEY_RSSIZE
    ORDERKEY_MEM
    ;

    return result == 0 ? 0 : result < 0 ? -1 : 1;
  }

/* compare_size - the comparison function for sorting by total memory usage */

int
compare_size (
	       struct top_proc **pp1,
	       struct top_proc **pp2)
  {
    register struct top_proc *p1;
    register struct top_proc *p2;
    register long result;
    double dresult;

    /* remove one level of indirection */
    p1 = *pp1;
    p2 = *pp2;

    ORDERKEY_MEM
    ORDERKEY_RSSIZE
    ORDERKEY_PCTCPU
    ORDERKEY_CPTICKS
    ORDERKEY_STATE
    ORDERKEY_PRIO
    ;

    return result == 0 ? 0 : result < 0 ? -1 : 1;
  }

/* compare_res - the comparison function for sorting by resident set size */

int
compare_res (
	       struct top_proc **pp1,
	       struct top_proc **pp2)
  {
    register struct top_proc *p1;
    register struct top_proc *p2;
    register long result;
    double dresult;

    /* remove one level of indirection */
    p1 = *pp1;
    p2 = *pp2;

    ORDERKEY_RSSIZE
    ORDERKEY_MEM
    ORDERKEY_PCTCPU
    ORDERKEY_CPTICKS
    ORDERKEY_STATE
    ORDERKEY_PRIO
    ;

    return result == 0 ? 0 : result < 0 ? -1 : 1;
  }

/* compare_time - the comparison function for sorting by total cpu time */

int
compare_time (
	       struct top_proc **pp1,
	       struct top_proc **pp2)
  {
    register struct top_proc *p1;
    register struct top_proc *p2;
    register long result;
    double dresult;

    /* remove one level of indirection */
    p1 = *pp1;
    p2 = *pp2;

    ORDERKEY_CPTICKS
    ORDERKEY_PCTCPU
    ORDERKEY_STATE
    ORDERKEY_PRIO
    ORDERKEY_MEM
    ORDERKEY_RSSIZE
    ;

    return result == 0 ? 0 : result < 0 ? -1 : 1;
  }

/* compare_cmd - the comparison function for sorting by command name */

int
compare_cmd (
	       struct top_proc **pp1,
	       struct top_proc **pp2)
  {
    register struct top_proc *p1;
    register struct top_proc *p2;
    register long result;
    double dresult;

    /* remove one level of indirection */
    p1 = *pp1;
    p2 = *pp2;

    ORDERKEY_NAME
    ORDERKEY_PCTCPU
    ORDERKEY_CPTICKS
    ORDERKEY_STATE
    ORDERKEY_PRIO
    ORDERKEY_RSSIZE
    ORDERKEY_MEM
    ;

    return result == 0 ? 0 : result < 0 ? -1 : 1;
  }


/*
 * proc_owner(pid) - returns the uid that owns process "pid", or -1 if
 *              the process does not exist.
 *              It is EXTREMLY IMPORTANT that this function work correctly.
 *              If top runs setuid root (as in SVR4), then this function
 *              is the only thing that stands in the way of a serious
 *              security problem.  It validates requests for the "kill"
 *              and "renice" commands.
 */

int
proc_owner(int pid)

{
    struct stat sb;
    char buffer[32];
    sprintf(buffer, "%d", pid);

    if (stat(buffer, &sb) < 0)
	return -1;
    else
	return (int)sb.st_uid;
}