lib/CodeGen/CodeGenFunction.cpp

//===--- CodeGenFunction.cpp - Emit LLVM Code from ASTs for a Function ----===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This coordinates the per-function state used while generating code.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "CodeGenFunction.h"
#include "CodeGenModule.h"
#include "CGCXXABI.h"
#include "CGDebugInfo.h"
#include "CGException.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "clang/AST/APValue.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/StmtCXX.h"
#include "clang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
#include "llvm/Intrinsics.h"
using namespace clang;
using namespace CodeGen;

CodeGenFunction::CodeGenFunction(CodeGenModule &cgm)
  : CodeGenTypeCache(cgm), CGM(cgm),
    Target(CGM.getContext().Target), Builder(cgm.getModule().getContext()),
    BlockInfo(0), BlockPointer(0),
    NormalCleanupDest(0), EHCleanupDest(0), NextCleanupDestIndex(1),
    ExceptionSlot(0), DebugInfo(0), DisableDebugInfo(false), IndirectBranch(0),
    SwitchInsn(0), CaseRangeBlock(0),
    DidCallStackSave(false), UnreachableBlock(0),
    CXXThisDecl(0), CXXThisValue(0), CXXVTTDecl(0), CXXVTTValue(0),
    OutermostConditional(0), TerminateLandingPad(0), TerminateHandler(0),
    TrapBB(0) {

  CatchUndefined = getContext().getLangOptions().CatchUndefined;
  CGM.getCXXABI().getMangleContext().startNewFunction();
}


const llvm::Type *CodeGenFunction::ConvertTypeForMem(QualType T) {
  return CGM.getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(T);
}

const llvm::Type *CodeGenFunction::ConvertType(QualType T) {
  return CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(T);
}

bool CodeGenFunction::hasAggregateLLVMType(QualType type) {
  switch (type.getCanonicalType()->getTypeClass()) {
#define TYPE(name, parent)
#define ABSTRACT_TYPE(name, parent)
#define NON_CANONICAL_TYPE(name, parent) case Type::name:
#define DEPENDENT_TYPE(name, parent) case Type::name:
#define NON_CANONICAL_UNLESS_DEPENDENT_TYPE(name, parent) case Type::name:
#include "clang/AST/TypeNodes.def"
    llvm_unreachable("non-canonical or dependent type in IR-generation");

  case Type::Builtin:
  case Type::Pointer:
  case Type::BlockPointer:
  case Type::LValueReference:
  case Type::RValueReference:
  case Type::MemberPointer:
  case Type::Vector:
  case Type::ExtVector:
  case Type::FunctionProto:
  case Type::FunctionNoProto:
  case Type::Enum:
  case Type::ObjCObjectPointer:
    return false;

  // Complexes, arrays, records, and Objective-C objects.
  case Type::Complex:
  case Type::ConstantArray:
  case Type::IncompleteArray:
  case Type::VariableArray:
  case Type::Record:
  case Type::ObjCObject:
  case Type::ObjCInterface:
    return true;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("unknown type kind!");
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitReturnBlock() {
  // For cleanliness, we try to avoid emitting the return block for
  // simple cases.
  llvm::BasicBlock *CurBB = Builder.GetInsertBlock();

  if (CurBB) {
    assert(!CurBB->getTerminator() && "Unexpected terminated block.");

    // We have a valid insert point, reuse it if it is empty or there are no
    // explicit jumps to the return block.
    if (CurBB->empty() || ReturnBlock.getBlock()->use_empty()) {
      ReturnBlock.getBlock()->replaceAllUsesWith(CurBB);
      delete ReturnBlock.getBlock();
    } else
      EmitBlock(ReturnBlock.getBlock());
    return;
  }

  // Otherwise, if the return block is the target of a single direct
  // branch then we can just put the code in that block instead. This
  // cleans up functions which started with a unified return block.
  if (ReturnBlock.getBlock()->hasOneUse()) {
    llvm::BranchInst *BI =
      dyn_cast<llvm::BranchInst>(*ReturnBlock.getBlock()->use_begin());
    if (BI && BI->isUnconditional() &&
        BI->getSuccessor(0) == ReturnBlock.getBlock()) {
      // Reset insertion point and delete the branch.
      Builder.SetInsertPoint(BI->getParent());
      BI->eraseFromParent();
      delete ReturnBlock.getBlock();
      return;
    }
  }

  // FIXME: We are at an unreachable point, there is no reason to emit the block
  // unless it has uses. However, we still need a place to put the debug
  // region.end for now.

  EmitBlock(ReturnBlock.getBlock());
}

static void EmitIfUsed(CodeGenFunction &CGF, llvm::BasicBlock *BB) {
  if (!BB) return;
  if (!BB->use_empty())
    return CGF.CurFn->getBasicBlockList().push_back(BB);
  delete BB;
}

void CodeGenFunction::FinishFunction(SourceLocation EndLoc) {
  assert(BreakContinueStack.empty() &&
         "mismatched push/pop in break/continue stack!");

  // Emit function epilog (to return).
  EmitReturnBlock();

  if (ShouldInstrumentFunction())
    EmitFunctionInstrumentation("__cyg_profile_func_exit");

  // Emit debug descriptor for function end.
  if (CGDebugInfo *DI = getDebugInfo()) {
    DI->setLocation(EndLoc);
    DI->EmitFunctionEnd(Builder);
  }

  EmitFunctionEpilog(*CurFnInfo);
  EmitEndEHSpec(CurCodeDecl);

  assert(EHStack.empty() &&
         "did not remove all scopes from cleanup stack!");

  // If someone did an indirect goto, emit the indirect goto block at the end of
  // the function.
  if (IndirectBranch) {
    EmitBlock(IndirectBranch->getParent());
    Builder.ClearInsertionPoint();
  }

  // Remove the AllocaInsertPt instruction, which is just a convenience for us.
  llvm::Instruction *Ptr = AllocaInsertPt;
  AllocaInsertPt = 0;
  Ptr->eraseFromParent();

  // If someone took the address of a label but never did an indirect goto, we
  // made a zero entry PHI node, which is illegal, zap it now.
  if (IndirectBranch) {
    llvm::PHINode *PN = cast<llvm::PHINode>(IndirectBranch->getAddress());
    if (PN->getNumIncomingValues() == 0) {
      PN->replaceAllUsesWith(llvm::UndefValue::get(PN->getType()));
      PN->eraseFromParent();
    }
  }

  EmitIfUsed(*this, RethrowBlock.getBlock());
  EmitIfUsed(*this, TerminateLandingPad);
  EmitIfUsed(*this, TerminateHandler);
  EmitIfUsed(*this, UnreachableBlock);

  if (CGM.getCodeGenOpts().EmitDeclMetadata)
    EmitDeclMetadata();
}

/// ShouldInstrumentFunction - Return true if the current function should be
/// instrumented with __cyg_profile_func_* calls
bool CodeGenFunction::ShouldInstrumentFunction() {
  if (!CGM.getCodeGenOpts().InstrumentFunctions)
    return false;
  if (!CurFuncDecl || CurFuncDecl->hasAttr<NoInstrumentFunctionAttr>())
    return false;
  return true;
}

/// EmitFunctionInstrumentation - Emit LLVM code to call the specified
/// instrumentation function with the current function and the call site, if
/// function instrumentation is enabled.
void CodeGenFunction::EmitFunctionInstrumentation(const char *Fn) {
  // void __cyg_profile_func_{enter,exit} (void *this_fn, void *call_site);
  const llvm::PointerType *PointerTy = Int8PtrTy;
  const llvm::Type *ProfileFuncArgs[] = { PointerTy, PointerTy };
  const llvm::FunctionType *FunctionTy =
    llvm::FunctionType::get(llvm::Type::getVoidTy(getLLVMContext()),
                            ProfileFuncArgs, false);

  llvm::Constant *F = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(FunctionTy, Fn);
  llvm::CallInst *CallSite = Builder.CreateCall(
    CGM.getIntrinsic(llvm::Intrinsic::returnaddress, 0, 0),
    llvm::ConstantInt::get(Int32Ty, 0),
    "callsite");

  Builder.CreateCall2(F,
                      llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(CurFn, PointerTy),
                      CallSite);
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitMCountInstrumentation() {
  llvm::FunctionType *FTy =
    llvm::FunctionType::get(llvm::Type::getVoidTy(getLLVMContext()), false);

  llvm::Constant *MCountFn = CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(FTy,
                                                       Target.getMCountName());
  Builder.CreateCall(MCountFn);
}

void CodeGenFunction::StartFunction(GlobalDecl GD, QualType RetTy,
                                    llvm::Function *Fn,
                                    const CGFunctionInfo &FnInfo,
                                    const FunctionArgList &Args,
                                    SourceLocation StartLoc) {
  const Decl *D = GD.getDecl();

  DidCallStackSave = false;
  CurCodeDecl = CurFuncDecl = D;
  FnRetTy = RetTy;
  CurFn = Fn;
  CurFnInfo = &FnInfo;
  assert(CurFn->isDeclaration() && "Function already has body?");

  // Pass inline keyword to optimizer if it appears explicitly on any
  // declaration.
  if (const FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast_or_null<FunctionDecl>(D))
    for (FunctionDecl::redecl_iterator RI = FD->redecls_begin(),
           RE = FD->redecls_end(); RI != RE; ++RI)
      if (RI->isInlineSpecified()) {
        Fn->addFnAttr(llvm::Attribute::InlineHint);
        break;
      }

  if (getContext().getLangOptions().OpenCL) {
    // Add metadata for a kernel function.
    if (const FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast_or_null<FunctionDecl>(D))
      if (FD->hasAttr<OpenCLKernelAttr>()) {
        llvm::LLVMContext &Context = getLLVMContext();
        llvm::NamedMDNode *OpenCLMetadata =
          CGM.getModule().getOrInsertNamedMetadata("opencl.kernels");

        llvm::Value *Op = Fn;
        OpenCLMetadata->addOperand(llvm::MDNode::get(Context, Op));
      }
  }

  llvm::BasicBlock *EntryBB = createBasicBlock("entry", CurFn);

  // Create a marker to make it easy to insert allocas into the entryblock
  // later.  Don't create this with the builder, because we don't want it
  // folded.
  llvm::Value *Undef = llvm::UndefValue::get(Int32Ty);
  AllocaInsertPt = new llvm::BitCastInst(Undef, Int32Ty, "", EntryBB);
  if (Builder.isNamePreserving())
    AllocaInsertPt->setName("allocapt");

  ReturnBlock = getJumpDestInCurrentScope("return");

  Builder.SetInsertPoint(EntryBB);

  // Emit subprogram debug descriptor.
  if (CGDebugInfo *DI = getDebugInfo()) {
    // FIXME: what is going on here and why does it ignore all these
    // interesting type properties?
    QualType FnType =
      getContext().getFunctionType(RetTy, 0, 0,
                                   FunctionProtoType::ExtProtoInfo());

    DI->setLocation(StartLoc);
    DI->EmitFunctionStart(GD, FnType, CurFn, Builder);
  }

  if (ShouldInstrumentFunction())
    EmitFunctionInstrumentation("__cyg_profile_func_enter");

  if (CGM.getCodeGenOpts().InstrumentForProfiling)
    EmitMCountInstrumentation();

  if (RetTy->isVoidType()) {
    // Void type; nothing to return.
    ReturnValue = 0;
  } else if (CurFnInfo->getReturnInfo().getKind() == ABIArgInfo::Indirect &&
             hasAggregateLLVMType(CurFnInfo->getReturnType())) {
    // Indirect aggregate return; emit returned value directly into sret slot.
    // This reduces code size, and affects correctness in C++.
    ReturnValue = CurFn->arg_begin();
  } else {
    ReturnValue = CreateIRTemp(RetTy, "retval");
  }

  EmitStartEHSpec(CurCodeDecl);
  EmitFunctionProlog(*CurFnInfo, CurFn, Args);

  if (D && isa<CXXMethodDecl>(D) && cast<CXXMethodDecl>(D)->isInstance())
    CGM.getCXXABI().EmitInstanceFunctionProlog(*this);

  // If any of the arguments have a variably modified type, make sure to
  // emit the type size.
  for (FunctionArgList::const_iterator i = Args.begin(), e = Args.end();
       i != e; ++i) {
    QualType Ty = (*i)->getType();

    if (Ty->isVariablyModifiedType())
      EmitVLASize(Ty);
  }
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitFunctionBody(FunctionArgList &Args) {
  const FunctionDecl *FD = cast<FunctionDecl>(CurGD.getDecl());
  assert(FD->getBody());
  EmitStmt(FD->getBody());
}

/// Tries to mark the given function nounwind based on the
/// non-existence of any throwing calls within it.  We believe this is
/// lightweight enough to do at -O0.
static void TryMarkNoThrow(llvm::Function *F) {
  // LLVM treats 'nounwind' on a function as part of the type, so we
  // can't do this on functions that can be overwritten.
  if (F->mayBeOverridden()) return;

  for (llvm::Function::iterator FI = F->begin(), FE = F->end(); FI != FE; ++FI)
    for (llvm::BasicBlock::iterator
           BI = FI->begin(), BE = FI->end(); BI != BE; ++BI)
      if (llvm::CallInst *Call = dyn_cast<llvm::CallInst>(&*BI))
        if (!Call->doesNotThrow())
          return;
  F->setDoesNotThrow(true);
}

void CodeGenFunction::GenerateCode(GlobalDecl GD, llvm::Function *Fn,
                                   const CGFunctionInfo &FnInfo) {
  const FunctionDecl *FD = cast<FunctionDecl>(GD.getDecl());

  // Check if we should generate debug info for this function.
  if (CGM.getModuleDebugInfo() && !FD->hasAttr<NoDebugAttr>())
    DebugInfo = CGM.getModuleDebugInfo();

  FunctionArgList Args;
  QualType ResTy = FD->getResultType();

  CurGD = GD;
  if (isa<CXXMethodDecl>(FD) && cast<CXXMethodDecl>(FD)->isInstance())
    CGM.getCXXABI().BuildInstanceFunctionParams(*this, ResTy, Args);

  if (FD->getNumParams())
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = FD->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i)
      Args.push_back(FD->getParamDecl(i));

  SourceRange BodyRange;
  if (Stmt *Body = FD->getBody()) BodyRange = Body->getSourceRange();

  // Emit the standard function prologue.
  StartFunction(GD, ResTy, Fn, FnInfo, Args, BodyRange.getBegin());

  // Generate the body of the function.
  if (isa<CXXDestructorDecl>(FD))
    EmitDestructorBody(Args);
  else if (isa<CXXConstructorDecl>(FD))
    EmitConstructorBody(Args);
  else
    EmitFunctionBody(Args);

  // Emit the standard function epilogue.
  FinishFunction(BodyRange.getEnd());

  // If we haven't marked the function nothrow through other means, do
  // a quick pass now to see if we can.
  if (!CurFn->doesNotThrow())
    TryMarkNoThrow(CurFn);
}

/// ContainsLabel - Return true if the statement contains a label in it.  If
/// this statement is not executed normally, it not containing a label means
/// that we can just remove the code.
bool CodeGenFunction::ContainsLabel(const Stmt *S, bool IgnoreCaseStmts) {
  // Null statement, not a label!
  if (S == 0) return false;

  // If this is a label, we have to emit the code, consider something like:
  // if (0) {  ...  foo:  bar(); }  goto foo;
  //
  // TODO: If anyone cared, we could track __label__'s, since we know that you
  // can't jump to one from outside their declared region.
  if (isa<LabelStmt>(S))
    return true;

  // If this is a case/default statement, and we haven't seen a switch, we have
  // to emit the code.
  if (isa<SwitchCase>(S) && !IgnoreCaseStmts)
    return true;

  // If this is a switch statement, we want to ignore cases below it.
  if (isa<SwitchStmt>(S))
    IgnoreCaseStmts = true;

  // Scan subexpressions for verboten labels.
  for (Stmt::const_child_range I = S->children(); I; ++I)
    if (ContainsLabel(*I, IgnoreCaseStmts))
      return true;

  return false;
}

/// containsBreak - Return true if the statement contains a break out of it.
/// If the statement (recursively) contains a switch or loop with a break
/// inside of it, this is fine.
bool CodeGenFunction::containsBreak(const Stmt *S) {
  // Null statement, not a label!
  if (S == 0) return false;

  // If this is a switch or loop that defines its own break scope, then we can
  // include it and anything inside of it.
  if (isa<SwitchStmt>(S) || isa<WhileStmt>(S) || isa<DoStmt>(S) ||
      isa<ForStmt>(S))
    return false;

  if (isa<BreakStmt>(S))
    return true;

  // Scan subexpressions for verboten breaks.
  for (Stmt::const_child_range I = S->children(); I; ++I)
    if (containsBreak(*I))
      return true;

  return false;
}


/// ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger - If the specified expression does not fold
/// to a constant, or if it does but contains a label, return false.  If it
/// constant folds return true and set the boolean result in Result.
bool CodeGenFunction::ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(const Expr *Cond,
                                                   bool &ResultBool) {
  llvm::APInt ResultInt;
  if (!ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(Cond, ResultInt))
    return false;

  ResultBool = ResultInt.getBoolValue();
  return true;
}

/// ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger - If the specified expression does not fold
/// to a constant, or if it does but contains a label, return false.  If it
/// constant folds return true and set the folded value.
bool CodeGenFunction::
ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(const Expr *Cond, llvm::APInt &ResultInt) {
  // FIXME: Rename and handle conversion of other evaluatable things
  // to bool.
  Expr::EvalResult Result;
  if (!Cond->Evaluate(Result, getContext()) || !Result.Val.isInt() ||
      Result.HasSideEffects)
    return false;  // Not foldable, not integer or not fully evaluatable.

  if (CodeGenFunction::ContainsLabel(Cond))
    return false;  // Contains a label.

  ResultInt = Result.Val.getInt();
  return true;
}


/// EmitBranchOnBoolExpr - Emit a branch on a boolean condition (e.g. for an if
/// statement) to the specified blocks.  Based on the condition, this might try
/// to simplify the codegen of the conditional based on the branch.
///
void CodeGenFunction::EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(const Expr *Cond,
                                           llvm::BasicBlock *TrueBlock,
                                           llvm::BasicBlock *FalseBlock) {
  Cond = Cond->IgnoreParens();

  if (const BinaryOperator *CondBOp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Cond)) {
    // Handle X && Y in a condition.
    if (CondBOp->getOpcode() == BO_LAnd) {
      // If we have "1 && X", simplify the code.  "0 && X" would have constant
      // folded if the case was simple enough.
      bool ConstantBool = false;
      if (ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(CondBOp->getLHS(), ConstantBool) &&
          ConstantBool) {
        // br(1 && X) -> br(X).
        return EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondBOp->getRHS(), TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
      }

      // If we have "X && 1", simplify the code to use an uncond branch.
      // "X && 0" would have been constant folded to 0.
      if (ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(CondBOp->getRHS(), ConstantBool) &&
          ConstantBool) {
        // br(X && 1) -> br(X).
        return EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondBOp->getLHS(), TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
      }

      // Emit the LHS as a conditional.  If the LHS conditional is false, we
      // want to jump to the FalseBlock.
      llvm::BasicBlock *LHSTrue = createBasicBlock("land.lhs.true");

      ConditionalEvaluation eval(*this);
      EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondBOp->getLHS(), LHSTrue, FalseBlock);
      EmitBlock(LHSTrue);

      // Any temporaries created here are conditional.
      eval.begin(*this);
      EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondBOp->getRHS(), TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
      eval.end(*this);

      return;
    }

    if (CondBOp->getOpcode() == BO_LOr) {
      // If we have "0 || X", simplify the code.  "1 || X" would have constant
      // folded if the case was simple enough.
      bool ConstantBool = false;
      if (ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(CondBOp->getLHS(), ConstantBool) &&
          !ConstantBool) {
        // br(0 || X) -> br(X).
        return EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondBOp->getRHS(), TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
      }

      // If we have "X || 0", simplify the code to use an uncond branch.
      // "X || 1" would have been constant folded to 1.
      if (ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(CondBOp->getRHS(), ConstantBool) &&
          !ConstantBool) {
        // br(X || 0) -> br(X).
        return EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondBOp->getLHS(), TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
      }

      // Emit the LHS as a conditional.  If the LHS conditional is true, we
      // want to jump to the TrueBlock.
      llvm::BasicBlock *LHSFalse = createBasicBlock("lor.lhs.false");

      ConditionalEvaluation eval(*this);
      EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondBOp->getLHS(), TrueBlock, LHSFalse);
      EmitBlock(LHSFalse);

      // Any temporaries created here are conditional.
      eval.begin(*this);
      EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondBOp->getRHS(), TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
      eval.end(*this);

      return;
    }
  }

  if (const UnaryOperator *CondUOp = dyn_cast<UnaryOperator>(Cond)) {
    // br(!x, t, f) -> br(x, f, t)
    if (CondUOp->getOpcode() == UO_LNot)
      return EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondUOp->getSubExpr(), FalseBlock, TrueBlock);
  }

  if (const ConditionalOperator *CondOp = dyn_cast<ConditionalOperator>(Cond)) {
    // Handle ?: operator.

    // Just ignore GNU ?: extension.
    if (CondOp->getLHS()) {
      // br(c ? x : y, t, f) -> br(c, br(x, t, f), br(y, t, f))
      llvm::BasicBlock *LHSBlock = createBasicBlock("cond.true");
      llvm::BasicBlock *RHSBlock = createBasicBlock("cond.false");

      ConditionalEvaluation cond(*this);
      EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondOp->getCond(), LHSBlock, RHSBlock);

      cond.begin(*this);
      EmitBlock(LHSBlock);
      EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondOp->getLHS(), TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
      cond.end(*this);

      cond.begin(*this);
      EmitBlock(RHSBlock);
      EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(CondOp->getRHS(), TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
      cond.end(*this);

      return;
    }
  }

  // Emit the code with the fully general case.
  llvm::Value *CondV = EvaluateExprAsBool(Cond);
  Builder.CreateCondBr(CondV, TrueBlock, FalseBlock);
}

/// ErrorUnsupported - Print out an error that codegen doesn't support the
/// specified stmt yet.
void CodeGenFunction::ErrorUnsupported(const Stmt *S, const char *Type,
                                       bool OmitOnError) {
  CGM.ErrorUnsupported(S, Type, OmitOnError);
}

/// emitNonZeroVLAInit - Emit the "zero" initialization of a
/// variable-length array whose elements have a non-zero bit-pattern.
///
/// \param src - a char* pointing to the bit-pattern for a single
/// base element of the array
/// \param sizeInChars - the total size of the VLA, in chars
/// \param align - the total alignment of the VLA
static void emitNonZeroVLAInit(CodeGenFunction &CGF, QualType baseType,
                               llvm::Value *dest, llvm::Value *src,
                               llvm::Value *sizeInChars) {
  std::pair<CharUnits,CharUnits> baseSizeAndAlign
    = CGF.getContext().getTypeInfoInChars(baseType);

  CGBuilderTy &Builder = CGF.Builder;

  llvm::Value *baseSizeInChars
    = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.IntPtrTy, baseSizeAndAlign.first.getQuantity());

  const llvm::Type *i8p = Builder.getInt8PtrTy();

  llvm::Value *begin = Builder.CreateBitCast(dest, i8p, "vla.begin");
  llvm::Value *end = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(dest, sizeInChars, "vla.end");

  llvm::BasicBlock *originBB = CGF.Builder.GetInsertBlock();
  llvm::BasicBlock *loopBB = CGF.createBasicBlock("vla-init.loop");
  llvm::BasicBlock *contBB = CGF.createBasicBlock("vla-init.cont");

  // Make a loop over the VLA.  C99 guarantees that the VLA element
  // count must be nonzero.
  CGF.EmitBlock(loopBB);

  llvm::PHINode *cur = Builder.CreatePHI(i8p, 2, "vla.cur");
  cur->addIncoming(begin, originBB);

  // memcpy the individual element bit-pattern.
  Builder.CreateMemCpy(cur, src, baseSizeInChars,
                       baseSizeAndAlign.second.getQuantity(),
                       /*volatile*/ false);

  // Go to the next element.
  llvm::Value *next = Builder.CreateConstInBoundsGEP1_32(cur, 1, "vla.next");

  // Leave if that's the end of the VLA.
  llvm::Value *done = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(next, end, "vla-init.isdone");
  Builder.CreateCondBr(done, contBB, loopBB);
  cur->addIncoming(next, loopBB);

  CGF.EmitBlock(contBB);
}

void
CodeGenFunction::EmitNullInitialization(llvm::Value *DestPtr, QualType Ty) {
  // Ignore empty classes in C++.
  if (getContext().getLangOptions().CPlusPlus) {
    if (const RecordType *RT = Ty->getAs<RecordType>()) {
      if (cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl())->isEmpty())
        return;
    }
  }

  // Cast the dest ptr to the appropriate i8 pointer type.
  unsigned DestAS =
    cast<llvm::PointerType>(DestPtr->getType())->getAddressSpace();
  const llvm::Type *BP = Builder.getInt8PtrTy(DestAS);
  if (DestPtr->getType() != BP)
    DestPtr = Builder.CreateBitCast(DestPtr, BP, "tmp");

  // Get size and alignment info for this aggregate.
  std::pair<CharUnits, CharUnits> TypeInfo =
    getContext().getTypeInfoInChars(Ty);
  CharUnits Size = TypeInfo.first;
  CharUnits Align = TypeInfo.second;

  llvm::Value *SizeVal;
  const VariableArrayType *vla;

  // Don't bother emitting a zero-byte memset.
  if (Size.isZero()) {
    // But note that getTypeInfo returns 0 for a VLA.
    if (const VariableArrayType *vlaType =
          dyn_cast_or_null<VariableArrayType>(
                                          getContext().getAsArrayType(Ty))) {
      SizeVal = GetVLASize(vlaType);
      vla = vlaType;
    } else {
      return;
    }
  } else {
    SizeVal = llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntPtrTy, Size.getQuantity());
    vla = 0;
  }

  // If the type contains a pointer to data member we can't memset it to zero.
  // Instead, create a null constant and copy it to the destination.
  // TODO: there are other patterns besides zero that we can usefully memset,
  // like -1, which happens to be the pattern used by member-pointers.
  if (!CGM.getTypes().isZeroInitializable(Ty)) {
    // For a VLA, emit a single element, then splat that over the VLA.
    if (vla) Ty = getContext().getBaseElementType(vla);

    llvm::Constant *NullConstant = CGM.EmitNullConstant(Ty);

    llvm::GlobalVariable *NullVariable =
      new llvm::GlobalVariable(CGM.getModule(), NullConstant->getType(),
                               /*isConstant=*/true,
                               llvm::GlobalVariable::PrivateLinkage,
                               NullConstant, llvm::Twine());
    llvm::Value *SrcPtr =
      Builder.CreateBitCast(NullVariable, Builder.getInt8PtrTy());

    if (vla) return emitNonZeroVLAInit(*this, Ty, DestPtr, SrcPtr, SizeVal);

    // Get and call the appropriate llvm.memcpy overload.
    Builder.CreateMemCpy(DestPtr, SrcPtr, SizeVal, Align.getQuantity(), false);
    return;
  }

  // Otherwise, just memset the whole thing to zero.  This is legal
  // because in LLVM, all default initializers (other than the ones we just
  // handled above) are guaranteed to have a bit pattern of all zeros.
  Builder.CreateMemSet(DestPtr, Builder.getInt8(0), SizeVal,
                       Align.getQuantity(), false);
}

llvm::BlockAddress *CodeGenFunction::GetAddrOfLabel(const LabelDecl *L) {
  // Make sure that there is a block for the indirect goto.
  if (IndirectBranch == 0)
    GetIndirectGotoBlock();

  llvm::BasicBlock *BB = getJumpDestForLabel(L).getBlock();

  // Make sure the indirect branch includes all of the address-taken blocks.
  IndirectBranch->addDestination(BB);
  return llvm::BlockAddress::get(CurFn, BB);
}

llvm::BasicBlock *CodeGenFunction::GetIndirectGotoBlock() {
  // If we already made the indirect branch for indirect goto, return its block.
  if (IndirectBranch) return IndirectBranch->getParent();

  CGBuilderTy TmpBuilder(createBasicBlock("indirectgoto"));

  // Create the PHI node that indirect gotos will add entries to.
  llvm::Value *DestVal = TmpBuilder.CreatePHI(Int8PtrTy, 0,
                                              "indirect.goto.dest");

  // Create the indirect branch instruction.
  IndirectBranch = TmpBuilder.CreateIndirectBr(DestVal);
  return IndirectBranch->getParent();
}

llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::GetVLASize(const VariableArrayType *VAT) {
  llvm::Value *&SizeEntry = VLASizeMap[VAT->getSizeExpr()];

  assert(SizeEntry && "Did not emit size for type");
  return SizeEntry;
}

llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitVLASize(QualType Ty) {
  assert(Ty->isVariablyModifiedType() &&
         "Must pass variably modified type to EmitVLASizes!");

  EnsureInsertPoint();

  if (const VariableArrayType *VAT = getContext().getAsVariableArrayType(Ty)) {
    // unknown size indication requires no size computation.
    if (!VAT->getSizeExpr())
      return 0;
    llvm::Value *&SizeEntry = VLASizeMap[VAT->getSizeExpr()];

    if (!SizeEntry) {
      const llvm::Type *SizeTy = ConvertType(getContext().getSizeType());

      // Get the element size;
      QualType ElemTy = VAT->getElementType();
      llvm::Value *ElemSize;
      if (ElemTy->isVariableArrayType())
        ElemSize = EmitVLASize(ElemTy);
      else
        ElemSize = llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy,
            getContext().getTypeSizeInChars(ElemTy).getQuantity());

      llvm::Value *NumElements = EmitScalarExpr(VAT->getSizeExpr());
      NumElements = Builder.CreateIntCast(NumElements, SizeTy, false, "tmp");

      SizeEntry = Builder.CreateMul(ElemSize, NumElements);
    }

    return SizeEntry;
  }

  if (const ArrayType *AT = dyn_cast<ArrayType>(Ty)) {
    EmitVLASize(AT->getElementType());
    return 0;
  }

  if (const ParenType *PT = dyn_cast<ParenType>(Ty)) {
    EmitVLASize(PT->getInnerType());
    return 0;
  }

  const PointerType *PT = Ty->getAs<PointerType>();
  assert(PT && "unknown VM type!");
  EmitVLASize(PT->getPointeeType());
  return 0;
}

llvm::Value* CodeGenFunction::EmitVAListRef(const Expr* E) {
  if (getContext().getBuiltinVaListType()->isArrayType())
    return EmitScalarExpr(E);
  return EmitLValue(E).getAddress();
}

void CodeGenFunction::EmitDeclRefExprDbgValue(const DeclRefExpr *E,
                                              llvm::Constant *Init) {
  assert (Init && "Invalid DeclRefExpr initializer!");
  if (CGDebugInfo *Dbg = getDebugInfo())
    Dbg->EmitGlobalVariable(E->getDecl(), Init);
}

CodeGenFunction::PeepholeProtection
CodeGenFunction::protectFromPeepholes(RValue rvalue) {
  // At the moment, the only aggressive peephole we do in IR gen
  // is trunc(zext) folding, but if we add more, we can easily
  // extend this protection.

  if (!rvalue.isScalar()) return PeepholeProtection();
  llvm::Value *value = rvalue.getScalarVal();
  if (!isa<llvm::ZExtInst>(value)) return PeepholeProtection();

  // Just make an extra bitcast.
  assert(HaveInsertPoint());
  llvm::Instruction *inst = new llvm::BitCastInst(value, value->getType(), "",
                                                  Builder.GetInsertBlock());

  PeepholeProtection protection;
  protection.Inst = inst;
  return protection;
}

void CodeGenFunction::unprotectFromPeepholes(PeepholeProtection protection) {
  if (!protection.Inst) return;

  // In theory, we could try to duplicate the peepholes now, but whatever.
  protection.Inst->eraseFromParent();
}