131914882SAlex Richardson /* 231914882SAlex Richardson * Double-precision log(x) function. 331914882SAlex Richardson * 4*f3087befSAndrew Turner * Copyright (c) 2018-2024, Arm Limited. 5072a4ba8SAndrew Turner * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception 631914882SAlex Richardson */ 731914882SAlex Richardson 831914882SAlex Richardson #include <float.h> 931914882SAlex Richardson #include <math.h> 1031914882SAlex Richardson #include <stdint.h> 1131914882SAlex Richardson #include "math_config.h" 12*f3087befSAndrew Turner #include "test_defs.h" 13*f3087befSAndrew Turner #include "test_sig.h" 1431914882SAlex Richardson 1531914882SAlex Richardson #define T __log_data.tab 1631914882SAlex Richardson #define T2 __log_data.tab2 1731914882SAlex Richardson #define B __log_data.poly1 1831914882SAlex Richardson #define A __log_data.poly 1931914882SAlex Richardson #define Ln2hi __log_data.ln2hi 2031914882SAlex Richardson #define Ln2lo __log_data.ln2lo 2131914882SAlex Richardson #define N (1 << LOG_TABLE_BITS) 2231914882SAlex Richardson #define OFF 0x3fe6000000000000 2331914882SAlex Richardson 2431914882SAlex Richardson /* Top 16 bits of a double. */ 2531914882SAlex Richardson static inline uint32_t 2631914882SAlex Richardson top16 (double x) 2731914882SAlex Richardson { 2831914882SAlex Richardson return asuint64 (x) >> 48; 2931914882SAlex Richardson } 3031914882SAlex Richardson 3131914882SAlex Richardson double 3231914882SAlex Richardson log (double x) 3331914882SAlex Richardson { 3431914882SAlex Richardson /* double_t for better performance on targets with FLT_EVAL_METHOD==2. */ 3531914882SAlex Richardson double_t w, z, r, r2, r3, y, invc, logc, kd, hi, lo; 3631914882SAlex Richardson uint64_t ix, iz, tmp; 3731914882SAlex Richardson uint32_t top; 3831914882SAlex Richardson int k, i; 3931914882SAlex Richardson 4031914882SAlex Richardson ix = asuint64 (x); 4131914882SAlex Richardson top = top16 (x); 4231914882SAlex Richardson 4331914882SAlex Richardson #if LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 10 || LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 11 4431914882SAlex Richardson # define LO asuint64 (1.0 - 0x1p-5) 4531914882SAlex Richardson # define HI asuint64 (1.0 + 0x1.1p-5) 4631914882SAlex Richardson #elif LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 12 4731914882SAlex Richardson # define LO asuint64 (1.0 - 0x1p-4) 4831914882SAlex Richardson # define HI asuint64 (1.0 + 0x1.09p-4) 4931914882SAlex Richardson #endif 5031914882SAlex Richardson if (unlikely (ix - LO < HI - LO)) 5131914882SAlex Richardson { 5231914882SAlex Richardson /* Handle close to 1.0 inputs separately. */ 5331914882SAlex Richardson /* Fix sign of zero with downward rounding when x==1. */ 5431914882SAlex Richardson if (WANT_ROUNDING && unlikely (ix == asuint64 (1.0))) 5531914882SAlex Richardson return 0; 5631914882SAlex Richardson r = x - 1.0; 5731914882SAlex Richardson r2 = r * r; 5831914882SAlex Richardson r3 = r * r2; 5931914882SAlex Richardson #if LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 10 6031914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst-case error is around 0.516 ULP. */ 6131914882SAlex Richardson y = r3 * (B[1] + r * B[2] + r2 * B[3] 6231914882SAlex Richardson + r3 * (B[4] + r * B[5] + r2 * B[6] + r3 * (B[7] + r * B[8]))); 6331914882SAlex Richardson w = B[0] * r2; /* B[0] == -0.5. */ 6431914882SAlex Richardson hi = r + w; 6531914882SAlex Richardson y += r - hi + w; 6631914882SAlex Richardson y += hi; 6731914882SAlex Richardson #elif LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 11 6831914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst-case error is around 0.516 ULP. */ 6931914882SAlex Richardson y = r3 * (B[1] + r * B[2] 7031914882SAlex Richardson + r2 * (B[3] + r * B[4] + r2 * B[5] 7131914882SAlex Richardson + r3 * (B[6] + r * B[7] + r2 * B[8] + r3 * B[9]))); 7231914882SAlex Richardson w = B[0] * r2; /* B[0] == -0.5. */ 7331914882SAlex Richardson hi = r + w; 7431914882SAlex Richardson y += r - hi + w; 7531914882SAlex Richardson y += hi; 7631914882SAlex Richardson #elif LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 12 7731914882SAlex Richardson y = r3 * (B[1] + r * B[2] + r2 * B[3] 7831914882SAlex Richardson + r3 * (B[4] + r * B[5] + r2 * B[6] 7931914882SAlex Richardson + r3 * (B[7] + r * B[8] + r2 * B[9] + r3 * B[10]))); 8031914882SAlex Richardson # if N <= 64 8131914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst-case error is around 0.532 ULP. */ 8231914882SAlex Richardson w = B[0] * r2; /* B[0] == -0.5. */ 8331914882SAlex Richardson hi = r + w; 8431914882SAlex Richardson y += r - hi + w; 8531914882SAlex Richardson y += hi; 8631914882SAlex Richardson # else 8731914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst-case error is around 0.507 ULP. */ 8831914882SAlex Richardson w = r * 0x1p27; 8931914882SAlex Richardson double_t rhi = r + w - w; 9031914882SAlex Richardson double_t rlo = r - rhi; 9131914882SAlex Richardson w = rhi * rhi * B[0]; /* B[0] == -0.5. */ 9231914882SAlex Richardson hi = r + w; 9331914882SAlex Richardson lo = r - hi + w; 9431914882SAlex Richardson lo += B[0] * rlo * (rhi + r); 9531914882SAlex Richardson y += lo; 9631914882SAlex Richardson y += hi; 9731914882SAlex Richardson # endif 9831914882SAlex Richardson #endif 9931914882SAlex Richardson return eval_as_double (y); 10031914882SAlex Richardson } 10131914882SAlex Richardson if (unlikely (top - 0x0010 >= 0x7ff0 - 0x0010)) 10231914882SAlex Richardson { 10331914882SAlex Richardson /* x < 0x1p-1022 or inf or nan. */ 10431914882SAlex Richardson if (ix * 2 == 0) 10531914882SAlex Richardson return __math_divzero (1); 10631914882SAlex Richardson if (ix == asuint64 (INFINITY)) /* log(inf) == inf. */ 10731914882SAlex Richardson return x; 10831914882SAlex Richardson if ((top & 0x8000) || (top & 0x7ff0) == 0x7ff0) 10931914882SAlex Richardson return __math_invalid (x); 11031914882SAlex Richardson /* x is subnormal, normalize it. */ 11131914882SAlex Richardson ix = asuint64 (x * 0x1p52); 11231914882SAlex Richardson ix -= 52ULL << 52; 11331914882SAlex Richardson } 11431914882SAlex Richardson 11531914882SAlex Richardson /* x = 2^k z; where z is in range [OFF,2*OFF) and exact. 11631914882SAlex Richardson The range is split into N subintervals. 11731914882SAlex Richardson The ith subinterval contains z and c is near its center. */ 11831914882SAlex Richardson tmp = ix - OFF; 11931914882SAlex Richardson i = (tmp >> (52 - LOG_TABLE_BITS)) % N; 12031914882SAlex Richardson k = (int64_t) tmp >> 52; /* arithmetic shift */ 12131914882SAlex Richardson iz = ix - (tmp & 0xfffULL << 52); 12231914882SAlex Richardson invc = T[i].invc; 12331914882SAlex Richardson logc = T[i].logc; 12431914882SAlex Richardson z = asdouble (iz); 12531914882SAlex Richardson 12631914882SAlex Richardson /* log(x) = log1p(z/c-1) + log(c) + k*Ln2. */ 12731914882SAlex Richardson /* r ~= z/c - 1, |r| < 1/(2*N). */ 12831914882SAlex Richardson #if HAVE_FAST_FMA 12931914882SAlex Richardson /* rounding error: 0x1p-55/N. */ 13031914882SAlex Richardson r = fma (z, invc, -1.0); 13131914882SAlex Richardson #else 13231914882SAlex Richardson /* rounding error: 0x1p-55/N + 0x1p-66. */ 13331914882SAlex Richardson r = (z - T2[i].chi - T2[i].clo) * invc; 13431914882SAlex Richardson #endif 13531914882SAlex Richardson kd = (double_t) k; 13631914882SAlex Richardson 13731914882SAlex Richardson /* hi + lo = r + log(c) + k*Ln2. */ 13831914882SAlex Richardson w = kd * Ln2hi + logc; 13931914882SAlex Richardson hi = w + r; 14031914882SAlex Richardson lo = w - hi + r + kd * Ln2lo; 14131914882SAlex Richardson 14231914882SAlex Richardson /* log(x) = lo + (log1p(r) - r) + hi. */ 14331914882SAlex Richardson r2 = r * r; /* rounding error: 0x1p-54/N^2. */ 14431914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst case error if |y| > 0x1p-5: 14531914882SAlex Richardson 0.5 + 4.13/N + abs-poly-error*2^57 ULP (+ 0.002 ULP without fma) 14631914882SAlex Richardson Worst case error if |y| > 0x1p-4: 14731914882SAlex Richardson 0.5 + 2.06/N + abs-poly-error*2^56 ULP (+ 0.001 ULP without fma). */ 14831914882SAlex Richardson #if LOG_POLY_ORDER == 6 14931914882SAlex Richardson y = lo + r2 * A[0] + r * r2 * (A[1] + r * A[2] + r2 * (A[3] + r * A[4])) + hi; 15031914882SAlex Richardson #elif LOG_POLY_ORDER == 7 15131914882SAlex Richardson y = lo 15231914882SAlex Richardson + r2 * (A[0] + r * A[1] + r2 * (A[2] + r * A[3]) 15331914882SAlex Richardson + r2 * r2 * (A[4] + r * A[5])) 15431914882SAlex Richardson + hi; 15531914882SAlex Richardson #endif 15631914882SAlex Richardson return eval_as_double (y); 15731914882SAlex Richardson } 15831914882SAlex Richardson #if USE_GLIBC_ABI 15931914882SAlex Richardson strong_alias (log, __log_finite) 16031914882SAlex Richardson hidden_alias (log, __ieee754_log) 16131914882SAlex Richardson # if LDBL_MANT_DIG == 53 16231914882SAlex Richardson long double logl (long double x) { return log (x); } 16331914882SAlex Richardson # endif 16431914882SAlex Richardson #endif 165*f3087befSAndrew Turner 166*f3087befSAndrew Turner TEST_SIG (S, D, 1, log, 0.01, 11.1) 167*f3087befSAndrew Turner TEST_ULP (log, 0.02) 168*f3087befSAndrew Turner TEST_ULP_NONNEAREST (log, 0.5) 169*f3087befSAndrew Turner TEST_INTERVAL (log, 0, 0xffff000000000000, 10000) 170*f3087befSAndrew Turner TEST_INTERVAL (log, 0x1p-4, 0x1p4, 400000) 171*f3087befSAndrew Turner TEST_INTERVAL (log, 0, inf, 400000) 172