1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * %sccs.include.redist.c%
6 */
7
8 #ifndef lint
9 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 05/01/95";
10 #endif /* not lint */
11
12 #ifndef lint
13 static char copyright[] =
14 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
15 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
16 #endif /* not lint */
17
18 /*
19 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
20 */
21 #include <sys/param.h>
22 #include <sys/stat.h>
23 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
24 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
25 #include <sys/file.h>
26 #include <sys/mount.h>
27
28 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
29 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
30 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
31 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
32
33 #include <ctype.h>
34 #include <errno.h>
35 #include <paths.h>
36 #include <stdio.h>
37 #include <stdlib.h>
38 #include <string.h>
39 #include <syslog.h>
40 #include <unistd.h>
41
42 #if __STDC__
43 #include <stdarg.h>
44 #else
45 #include <varargs.h>
46 #endif
47
48 #include "mntopts.h"
49
50 struct mntopt mopts[] = {
51 MOPT_STDOPTS,
52 MOPT_ASYNC,
53 { NULL },
54 };
55
56 #if __STDC__
57 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...);
58 #else
59 void fatal();
60 #endif
61
62 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */
63
64 /*
65 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
66 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
67 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
68 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
69 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
70 */
71 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024
72 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192
73
74 /*
75 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual
76 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
77 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders
78 * per group.
79 */
80 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */
81
82 /*
83 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
84 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
85 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
86 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms.
87 */
88 #define ROTDELAY 4
89
90 /*
91 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
92 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
93 * block worth of data blocks.
94 */
95 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t))
96
97 /*
98 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
99 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
100 * to be far more than we will ever need.
101 */
102 #define NFPI 4
103
104 /*
105 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different
106 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked
107 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of
108 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution
109 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive.
110 */
111 #define NRPOS 8 /* number distinct rotational positions */
112
113
114 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */
115 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
116 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
117 int fssize; /* file system size */
118 int ntracks; /* # tracks/cylinder */
119 int nsectors; /* # sectors/track */
120 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */
121 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */
122 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */
123 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */
124 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
125 #ifdef tahoe
126 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
127 #endif
128 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */
129 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
130 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
131 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
132 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
133 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
134 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
135 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */
136 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
137 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
138 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
139 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
140 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
141 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */
142 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
143 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */
144 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */
145 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */
146 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */
147 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */
148 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */
149 #ifdef COMPAT
150 char *disktype;
151 int unlabeled;
152 #endif
153
154 char device[MAXPATHLEN];
155 char *progname;
156
157 int
main(argc,argv)158 main(argc, argv)
159 int argc;
160 char *argv[];
161 {
162 extern char *optarg;
163 extern int optind;
164 register int ch;
165 register struct partition *pp;
166 register struct disklabel *lp;
167 struct disklabel *getdisklabel();
168 struct partition oldpartition;
169 struct stat st;
170 struct statfs *mp;
171 int fsi, fso, len, n;
172 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ];
173
174 if (progname = strrchr(*argv, '/'))
175 ++progname;
176 else
177 progname = *argv;
178
179 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) {
180 mfs = 1;
181 Nflag++;
182 }
183
184 opstring = mfs ?
185 "NT:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" :
186 "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:";
187 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF)
188 switch (ch) {
189 case 'N':
190 Nflag = 1;
191 break;
192 case 'O':
193 Oflag = 1;
194 break;
195 case 'S':
196 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
197 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg);
198 break;
199 #ifdef COMPAT
200 case 'T':
201 disktype = optarg;
202 break;
203 #endif
204 case 'a':
205 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
206 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n",
207 optarg);
208 break;
209 case 'b':
210 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
211 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg);
212 break;
213 case 'c':
214 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
215 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg);
216 cpgflg++;
217 break;
218 case 'd':
219 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
220 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg);
221 break;
222 case 'e':
223 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
224 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n",
225 optarg);
226 break;
227 case 'f':
228 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
229 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
230 break;
231 case 'i':
232 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
233 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg);
234 break;
235 case 'k':
236 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
237 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg);
238 break;
239 case 'l':
240 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
241 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg);
242 break;
243 case 'm':
244 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
245 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg);
246 break;
247 case 'n':
248 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
249 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n",
250 optarg);
251 break;
252 case 'o':
253 if (mfs)
254 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0);
255 else {
256 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
257 opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
258 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
259 opt = FS_OPTTIME;
260 else
261 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'.");
262 }
263 break;
264 case 'p':
265 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
266 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track",
267 optarg);
268 break;
269 case 'r':
270 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
271 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg);
272 break;
273 case 's':
274 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
275 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg);
276 break;
277 case 't':
278 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
279 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg);
280 break;
281 case 'u':
282 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
283 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg);
284 break;
285 case 'x':
286 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
287 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder",
288 optarg);
289 break;
290 case '?':
291 default:
292 usage();
293 }
294 argc -= optind;
295 argv += optind;
296
297 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1))
298 usage();
299
300 special = argv[0];
301 cp = strrchr(special, '/');
302 if (cp == 0) {
303 /*
304 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s.
305 */
306 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
307 if (stat(device, &st) == -1)
308 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
309 special = device;
310 }
311 if (Nflag) {
312 fso = -1;
313 } else {
314 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY);
315 if (fso < 0)
316 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
317
318 /* Bail if target special is mounted */
319 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT);
320 if (n == 0)
321 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno));
322
323 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
324 s1 = special;
325 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0)
326 s1 += len;
327
328 while (--n >= 0) {
329 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
330 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) {
331 s2 += len - 1;
332 *s2 = 'r';
333 }
334 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0)
335 fatal("%s is mounted on %s",
336 special, mp->f_mntonname);
337 ++mp;
338 }
339 }
340 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) {
341 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype);
342 if (lp == NULL)
343 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
344 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1];
345 } else {
346 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY);
347 if (fsi < 0)
348 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
349 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0)
350 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
351 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs)
352 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n",
353 progname, special);
354 cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0') - 1;
355 if (cp == (char *)-1 ||
356 (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp))
357 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition",
358 argv[0]);
359 #ifdef COMPAT
360 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL)
361 disktype = argv[1];
362 #endif
363 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi);
364 if (isdigit(*cp))
365 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0];
366 else
367 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
368 if (pp->p_size == 0)
369 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
370 argv[0], *cp);
371 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
372 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
373 argv[0], *cp);
374 }
375 if (fssize == 0)
376 fssize = pp->p_size;
377 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs)
378 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d",
379 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size);
380 if (rpm == 0) {
381 rpm = lp->d_rpm;
382 if (rpm <= 0)
383 rpm = 3600;
384 }
385 if (ntracks == 0) {
386 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks;
387 if (ntracks <= 0)
388 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]);
389 }
390 if (nsectors == 0) {
391 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors;
392 if (nsectors <= 0)
393 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]);
394 }
395 if (sectorsize == 0) {
396 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
397 if (sectorsize <= 0)
398 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]);
399 }
400 if (trackskew == -1) {
401 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew;
402 if (trackskew < 0)
403 trackskew = 0;
404 }
405 if (interleave == 0) {
406 interleave = lp->d_interleave;
407 if (interleave <= 0)
408 interleave = 1;
409 }
410 if (fsize == 0) {
411 fsize = pp->p_fsize;
412 if (fsize <= 0)
413 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize);
414 }
415 if (bsize == 0) {
416 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
417 if (bsize <= 0)
418 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
419 }
420 /*
421 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
422 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
423 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
424 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
425 */
426 if (maxcontig == 0)
427 maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize);
428 if (density == 0)
429 density = NFPI * fsize;
430 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
431 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
432 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
433 opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
434 }
435 if (trackspares == -1) {
436 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack;
437 if (trackspares < 0)
438 trackspares = 0;
439 }
440 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares;
441 if (cylspares == -1) {
442 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl;
443 if (cylspares < 0)
444 cylspares = 0;
445 }
446 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares;
447 if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl)
448 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n",
449 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl,
450 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl);
451 if (maxbpg == 0)
452 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
453 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch;
454 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek;
455 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */
456 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize;
457 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize;
458 #endif
459 oldpartition = *pp;
460 #ifdef tahoe
461 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
462 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
463 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize;
464
465 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
466 nsectors /= secperblk;
467 nphyssectors /= secperblk;
468 secpercyl /= secperblk;
469 fssize /= secperblk;
470 pp->p_size /= secperblk;
471 }
472 #endif
473 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso);
474 #ifdef tahoe
475 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
476 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize;
477 #endif
478 if (!Nflag && memcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
479 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp);
480 if (!Nflag)
481 close(fso);
482 close(fsi);
483 #ifdef MFS
484 if (mfs) {
485 struct mfs_args args;
486
487 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid());
488 args.fspec = buf;
489 args.export.ex_root = -2;
490 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY)
491 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY;
492 else
493 args.export.ex_flags = 0;
494 args.base = membase;
495 args.size = fssize * sectorsize;
496 if (mount("mfs", argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0)
497 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno));
498 }
499 #endif
500 exit(0);
501 }
502
503 #ifdef COMPAT
504 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified";
505 #else
506 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label";
507 #endif
508
509 struct disklabel *
getdisklabel(s,fd)510 getdisklabel(s, fd)
511 char *s;
512 int fd;
513 {
514 static struct disklabel lab;
515
516 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) {
517 #ifdef COMPAT
518 if (disktype) {
519 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname();
520
521 unlabeled++;
522 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
523 if (lp == NULL)
524 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
525 return (lp);
526 }
527 #endif
528 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)");
529 fatal(lmsg, s);
530 }
531 return (&lab);
532 }
533
rewritelabel(s,fd,lp)534 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp)
535 char *s;
536 int fd;
537 register struct disklabel *lp;
538 {
539 #ifdef COMPAT
540 if (unlabeled)
541 return;
542 #endif
543 lp->d_checksum = 0;
544 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
545 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) {
546 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)");
547 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
548 }
549 #if vax
550 if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) {
551 register i;
552 int cfd;
553 daddr_t alt;
554 char specname[64];
555 char blk[1024];
556 char *cp;
557
558 /*
559 * Make name for 'c' partition.
560 */
561 strcpy(specname, s);
562 cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1;
563 if (!isdigit(*cp))
564 *cp = 'c';
565 cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY);
566 if (cfd < 0)
567 fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno));
568 memset(blk, 0, sizeof(blk));
569 *(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp;
570 alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors;
571 for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) {
572 if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize,
573 L_SET) == -1)
574 fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s",
575 strerror(errno));
576 if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize)
577 warn("alternate label %d write", i/2);
578 }
579 close(cfd);
580 }
581 #endif
582 }
583
584 /*VARARGS*/
585 void
586 #if __STDC__
fatal(const char * fmt,...)587 fatal(const char *fmt, ...)
588 #else
589 fatal(fmt, va_alist)
590 char *fmt;
591 va_dcl
592 #endif
593 {
594 va_list ap;
595
596 #if __STDC__
597 va_start(ap, fmt);
598 #else
599 va_start(ap);
600 #endif
601 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) {
602 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON);
603 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap);
604 closelog();
605 } else {
606 vwarnx(fmt, ap);
607 }
608 va_end(ap);
609 exit(1);
610 /*NOTREACHED*/
611 }
612
usage()613 usage()
614 {
615 if (mfs) {
616 fprintf(stderr,
617 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n",
618 progname);
619 } else
620 fprintf(stderr,
621 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
622 progname,
623 #ifdef COMPAT
624 " [device-type]");
625 #else
626 "");
627 #endif
628 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
629 fprintf(stderr,
630 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
631 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n");
632 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
633 #ifdef COMPAT
634 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
635 #endif
636 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
637 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
638 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
639 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n");
640 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
641 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
642 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
643 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
644 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
645 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
646 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n");
647 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
648 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
649 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
650 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
651 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
652 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
653 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n");
654 exit(1);
655 }
656