xref: /csrg-svn/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision 5362)
1*5362Smckusic static	char *sccsid = "@(#)mkfs.c	1.13 (Berkeley) 01/10/82";
24234Smckusick 
34234Smckusick /*
44234Smckusick  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
54234Smckusick  *
65336Smckusic  * usage: mkfs special size [ nsect ntrak bsize fsize cpg ]
74234Smckusick  */
84234Smckusick 
94234Smckusick #ifndef STANDALONE
104234Smckusick #include <stdio.h>
114234Smckusick #include <a.out.h>
124234Smckusick #endif
134234Smckusick 
144234Smckusick #include "../h/param.h"
154234Smckusick #include "../h/inode.h"
164234Smckusick #include "../h/fs.h"
174234Smckusick #include "../h/dir.h"
184234Smckusick 
195336Smckusic #define UMASK		0755
205336Smckusic #define MAXNDIR		(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct direct))
215346Smckusic #define MAXINOPB	(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode))
225336Smckusic #define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
234234Smckusick 
244234Smckusick union {
254234Smckusick 	struct fs fs;
265324Smckusic 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
274234Smckusick } fsun;
284234Smckusick #define	sblock	fsun.fs
294234Smckusick struct	csum *fscs;
304234Smckusick 
314234Smckusick union {
324234Smckusick 	struct cg cg;
335324Smckusic 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
344234Smckusick } cgun;
354234Smckusick #define	acg	cgun.cg
364234Smckusick 
375336Smckusic struct	dinode zino[MAXIPG];
385336Smckusic 
394234Smckusick char	*fsys;
405336Smckusic time_t	utime;
415336Smckusic int	fsi;
425336Smckusic int	fso;
434234Smckusick daddr_t	alloc();
444234Smckusick 
454234Smckusick main(argc, argv)
465324Smckusic 	int argc;
475324Smckusic 	char *argv[];
484234Smckusick {
49*5362Smckusic 	long cylno, rpos, blk, i, inos, fssize;
504234Smckusick 
515336Smckusic #ifndef STANDALONE
524234Smckusick 	argc--, argv++;
534234Smckusick 	time(&utime);
545336Smckusic 	if (argc < 2) {
555336Smckusic 		printf("usage: mkfs special size [ nsect ntrak bsize fsize cpg ]\n");
564234Smckusick 		exit(1);
574234Smckusick 	}
584234Smckusick 	fsys = argv[0];
595336Smckusic 	fssize = atoi(argv[1]);
605336Smckusic 	fso = creat(fsys, 0666);
615336Smckusic 	if(fso < 0) {
625336Smckusic 		printf("%s: cannot create\n", fsys);
635336Smckusic 		exit(1);
645336Smckusic 	}
655336Smckusic 	fsi = open(fsys, 0);
665336Smckusic 	if(fsi < 0) {
675336Smckusic 		printf("%s: cannot open\n", fsys);
685336Smckusic 		exit(1);
695336Smckusic 	}
704234Smckusick #else
714234Smckusick 	{
724234Smckusick 		static char protos[60];
735336Smckusic 		char fsbuf[100];
744234Smckusick 
754234Smckusick 		printf("file sys size: ");
764234Smckusick 		gets(protos);
775336Smckusic 		fssize = atoi(protos);
784234Smckusick 		do {
794234Smckusick 			printf("file system: ");
804234Smckusick 			gets(fsbuf);
814234Smckusick 			fso = open(fsbuf, 1);
824234Smckusick 			fsi = open(fsbuf, 0);
834234Smckusick 		} while (fso < 0 || fsi < 0);
844234Smckusick 	}
854234Smckusick 	argc = 0;
865336Smckusic #endif
875336Smckusic 	if (fssize <= 0)
885336Smckusic 		printf("preposterous size %d\n", fssize), exit(1);
895336Smckusic 	/*
905336Smckusic 	 * collect and verify the sector and track info
915336Smckusic 	 */
925336Smckusic 	if (argc > 2)
935336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_nsect = atoi(argv[2]);
945336Smckusic 	else
955336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_nsect = DFLNSECT;
965336Smckusic 	if (argc > 3)
975336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_ntrak = atoi(argv[3]);
985336Smckusic 	else
995336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_ntrak = DFLNTRAK;
1005336Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak <= 0)
1015336Smckusic 		printf("preposterous ntrak %d\n", sblock.fs_ntrak), exit(1);
1025336Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_nsect <= 0)
1035336Smckusic 		printf("preposterous nsect %d\n", sblock.fs_nsect), exit(1);
1045336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_spc = sblock.fs_ntrak * sblock.fs_nsect;
1055336Smckusic 	/*
1065336Smckusic 	 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
1075336Smckusic 	 */
1085336Smckusic 	if (argc > 4)
1095336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_bsize = atoi(argv[4]);
1105336Smckusic 	else
1115336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_bsize = MAXBSIZE;
1125336Smckusic 	if (argc > 5)
1135336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_fsize = atoi(argv[5]);
1145336Smckusic 	else
1155336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_fsize = MAX(sblock.fs_bsize / DESFRAG, DEV_BSIZE);
1165336Smckusic 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
1175336Smckusic 		printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
1185336Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_bsize);
1194234Smckusick 		exit(1);
1204234Smckusick 	}
1215336Smckusic 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
1225336Smckusic 		printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
1235336Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_fsize);
1244234Smckusick 		exit(1);
1254234Smckusick 	}
1265324Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_fsize < DEV_BSIZE) {
1275324Smckusic 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
1285324Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_fsize, DEV_BSIZE);
1295324Smckusic 		exit(1);
1305324Smckusic 	}
1315324Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
1325324Smckusic 		printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
1335324Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
1345324Smckusic 		exit(1);
1355324Smckusic 	}
1365336Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
1375336Smckusic 		printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
1385336Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
1394234Smckusick 		exit(1);
1404234Smckusick 	}
1415336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_frag = sblock.fs_bsize / sblock.fs_fsize;
1425336Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
1435336Smckusic 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
1445336Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
1455336Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
1465336Smckusic 		exit(1);
1474234Smckusick 	}
148*5362Smckusic 	sblock.fs_bblkno = BBLOCK;
149*5362Smckusic 	sblock.fs_sblkno = SBLOCK;
150*5362Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)
151*5362Smckusic 	    roundup(howmany(BBSIZE + SBSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
152*5362Smckusic 	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
1535336Smckusic 	/*
1545336Smckusic 	 * collect and verify the number of cylinders per group
1554234Smckusick 	 */
1565336Smckusic 	if (argc > 6) {
1575336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_cpg = atoi(argv[6]);
1585336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / NSPF(&sblock);
1594234Smckusick 	} else {
1604234Smckusick 		sblock.fs_cpg = DESCPG;
1615336Smckusic 		sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / NSPF(&sblock);
1625336Smckusic 		while (sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag > MAXBPG(&sblock)) {
1634234Smckusick 			--sblock.fs_cpg;
1645336Smckusic 			sblock.fs_fpg =
1655336Smckusic 			    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / NSPF(&sblock);
1665336Smckusic 		}
1674234Smckusick 	}
1685336Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_cpg < 1) {
1695336Smckusic 		printf("cylinder groups must have at least 1 cylinder\n");
1705336Smckusic 		exit(1);
1715336Smckusic 	}
1725336Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_cpg > MAXCPG) {
1735336Smckusic 		printf("cylinder groups are limited to %d cylinders\n", MAXCPG);
1745336Smckusic 		exit(1);
1755336Smckusic 	}
1764234Smckusick 	/*
1775336Smckusic 	 * Now have size for file system and nsect and ntrak.
1785336Smckusic 	 * Determine number of cylinders and blocks in the file system.
1795336Smckusic 	 */
1805336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
1815336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_ncyl = fssize * NSPF(&sblock) / sblock.fs_spc;
182*5362Smckusic 	if (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc) {
183*5362Smckusic 		printf("Warning: %d sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated\n",
184*5362Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_spc -
185*5362Smckusic 		    (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) - sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc));
186*5362Smckusic 		sblock.fs_ncyl++;
187*5362Smckusic 	}
188*5362Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl < 1) {
189*5362Smckusic 		printf("file systems must have at least one cylinder\n");
1905336Smckusic 		exit(1);
1915336Smckusic 	}
1925336Smckusic 	/*
193*5362Smckusic 	 * determine feasability/values of rotational layout tables
194*5362Smckusic 	 */
195*5362Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak == 1) {
196*5362Smckusic 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
197*5362Smckusic 		goto next;
198*5362Smckusic 	}
199*5362Smckusic 	for (sblock.fs_cpc = NSPB(&sblock), i = sblock.fs_spc;
200*5362Smckusic 	     sblock.fs_cpc > 1 && (i & 1) == 0;
201*5362Smckusic 	     sblock.fs_cpc >>= 1, i >>= 1)
202*5362Smckusic 		/* void */;
203*5362Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_spc * sblock.fs_cpc > MAXBPC * NSPB(&sblock) ||
204*5362Smckusic 	    sblock.fs_nsect > (1 << NBBY) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
205*5362Smckusic 		printf("%s %s %d %s %d.%s",
206*5362Smckusic 		    "Warning: insufficient space in super block for\n",
207*5362Smckusic 		    "rotational layout tables with nsect", sblock.fs_nsect,
208*5362Smckusic 		    "and ntrak", sblock.fs_ntrak,
209*5362Smckusic 		    "\nFile system performance may be impared.\n");
210*5362Smckusic 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
211*5362Smckusic 		goto next;
212*5362Smckusic 	}
213*5362Smckusic 	/*
214*5362Smckusic 	 * calculate the available blocks for each rotational position
215*5362Smckusic 	 */
216*5362Smckusic 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < MAXCPG; cylno++)
217*5362Smckusic 		for (rpos = 0; rpos < NRPOS; rpos++)
218*5362Smckusic 			sblock.fs_postbl[cylno][rpos] = -1;
219*5362Smckusic 	blk = sblock.fs_spc * sblock.fs_cpc / NSPF(&sblock);
220*5362Smckusic 	for (i = 0; i < blk; i += sblock.fs_frag)
221*5362Smckusic 		/* void */;
222*5362Smckusic 	for (i -= sblock.fs_frag; i >= 0; i -= sblock.fs_frag) {
223*5362Smckusic 		cylno = cbtocylno(&sblock, i);
224*5362Smckusic 		rpos = cbtorpos(&sblock, i);
225*5362Smckusic 		blk = i / sblock.fs_frag;
226*5362Smckusic 		if (sblock.fs_postbl[cylno][rpos] == -1)
227*5362Smckusic 			sblock.fs_rotbl[blk] = 0;
228*5362Smckusic 		else
229*5362Smckusic 			sblock.fs_rotbl[blk] =
230*5362Smckusic 			    sblock.fs_postbl[cylno][rpos] - blk;
231*5362Smckusic 		sblock.fs_postbl[cylno][rpos] = blk;
232*5362Smckusic 	}
233*5362Smckusic next:
234*5362Smckusic 	/*
2355336Smckusic 	 * Validate specified/determined cpg.
2365336Smckusic 	 */
2375336Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_spc > MAXBPG(&sblock) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
2385336Smckusic 		printf("too many sectors per cylinder (%d sectors)\n",
2395336Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_spc);
2405336Smckusic 		while(sblock.fs_spc > MAXBPG(&sblock) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
2415336Smckusic 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
2425336Smckusic 			if (sblock.fs_frag < MAXFRAG)
2435336Smckusic 				sblock.fs_frag <<= 1;
2445336Smckusic 			else
2455336Smckusic 				sblock.fs_fsize <<= 1;
2465336Smckusic 		}
2475336Smckusic 		printf("nsect %d, and ntrak %d, requires block size of %d,\n",
2485336Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_nsect, sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_bsize);
2495336Smckusic 		printf("\tand fragment size of %d\n", sblock.fs_fsize);
2505336Smckusic 		exit(1);
2515336Smckusic 	}
2525336Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_fpg > MAXBPG(&sblock) * sblock.fs_frag) {
2535336Smckusic 		printf("cylinder group too large (%d cylinders); ",
2545336Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_cpg);
255*5362Smckusic 		printf("max: %d cylinders per group\n",
2565336Smckusic 		    MAXBPG(&sblock) * sblock.fs_frag /
2575336Smckusic 		    (sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_cpg));
2585336Smckusic 		exit(1);
2595336Smckusic 	}
2605336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cgsize = roundup(sizeof(struct cg) +
2615336Smckusic 	    howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, NBBY), sblock.fs_fsize);
2625336Smckusic 	/*
2634234Smckusick 	 * Compute/validate number of cylinder groups.
2644234Smckusick 	 */
2654234Smckusick 	sblock.fs_ncg = sblock.fs_ncyl / sblock.fs_cpg;
2664234Smckusick 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg)
2674234Smckusick 		sblock.fs_ncg++;
2685336Smckusic 	if ((sblock.fs_spc * sblock.fs_cpg) % NSPF(&sblock)) {
2694234Smckusick 		printf("mkfs: nsect %d, ntrak %d, cpg %d is not tolerable\n",
2704234Smckusick 		    sblock.fs_nsect, sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_cpg);
2714234Smckusick 		printf("as this would would have cyl groups whose size\n");
2725324Smckusic 		printf("is not a multiple of %d; choke!\n", sblock.fs_fsize);
2734234Smckusick 		exit(1);
2744234Smckusick 	}
2754234Smckusick 	/*
2764234Smckusick 	 * Compute number of inode blocks per cylinder group.
2774234Smckusick 	 * Start with one inode per NBPI bytes; adjust as necessary.
2784234Smckusick 	 */
279*5362Smckusic 	i = sblock.fs_iblkno + MAXIPG / INOPF(&sblock);
280*5362Smckusic 	inos = (fssize - sblock.fs_ncg * i) * sblock.fs_fsize /
281*5362Smckusic 	    MAX(NBPI, sblock.fs_fsize) / INOPB(&sblock);
2825336Smckusic 	if (inos <= 0)
2835336Smckusic 		inos = 1;
2845336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_ipg = ((inos / sblock.fs_ncg) + 1) * INOPB(&sblock);
2854234Smckusick 	if (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG)
2864234Smckusick 		sblock.fs_ipg = MAXIPG;
287*5362Smckusic 	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
2885324Smckusic 	if (cgdmin(0,&sblock) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
2894234Smckusick 		printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d)\n",
2905324Smckusic 		    cgdmin(0,&sblock) / sblock.fs_frag,
2915324Smckusic 		    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag);
2925336Smckusic 		printf("number of cylinder per cylinder group must be increased\n");
2935324Smckusic 		exit(1);
2945324Smckusic 	}
2955336Smckusic 	/*
2965336Smckusic 	 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
2975336Smckusic 	 */
2985324Smckusic 	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(0, &sblock);
2995324Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cssize = sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum);
300*5362Smckusic 	fscs = (struct csum *)
301*5362Smckusic 	    calloc(1, roundup(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_bsize));
302*5362Smckusic 	sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
3035336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_rotdelay = ROTDELAY;
3045336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_minfree = MINFREE;
305*5362Smckusic 	sblock.fs_rps = HZ;	/* assume disk speed == HZ */
3065336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
3075336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
3085336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
3095336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
3105336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
3114234Smckusick 	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
3124234Smckusick 	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
3134234Smckusick 	/*
3145336Smckusic 	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
3154234Smckusick 	 */
3164234Smckusick 	printf("%s:\t%d sectors in %d cylinders of %d tracks, %d sectors\n",
3175336Smckusic 	    fsys, sblock.fs_size * NSPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_ncyl,
3185324Smckusic 	    sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_nsect);
3194234Smckusick 	printf("\t%.1fMb in %d cyl groups (%d c/g, %.2fMb/g, %d i/g)\n",
3205324Smckusic 	    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * 1e-6, sblock.fs_ncg,
3215324Smckusic 	    sblock.fs_cpg, (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * 1e-6,
3225324Smckusic 	    sblock.fs_ipg);
3234234Smckusick 	/*
3244234Smckusick 	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
3255336Smckusic 	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
3264234Smckusick 	 */
327*5362Smckusic 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
328*5362Smckusic 		initcg(cylno);
3295324Smckusic 	if (sblock.fs_ncg == 1)
330*5362Smckusic 		printf("Warning: no super-block backups with only one cylinder group\n");
3315324Smckusic 	else
3325324Smckusic 		printf("\tsuper-block backups (for fsck -b#) at %d+k*%d (%d .. %d)\n",
333*5362Smckusic 		    SBLOCK, cgsblock(1, &sblock) - SBLOCK, cgsblock(1, &sblock),
334*5362Smckusic 		    cgsblock(sblock.fs_ncg - 1, &sblock));
3354234Smckusick 	/*
3365336Smckusic 	 * Now construct the initial file system,
3374234Smckusick 	 * then write out the super-block.
3384234Smckusick 	 */
3395336Smckusic 	fsinit();
3404234Smckusick 	sblock.fs_time = utime;
3415336Smckusic 	wtfs(SBLOCK, SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
3425324Smckusic 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
3435324Smckusic 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + i / sblock.fs_fsize),
3445324Smckusic 			sblock.fs_bsize, ((char *)fscs) + i);
3455336Smckusic 	/*
3465336Smckusic 	 * Write out the duplicate super blocks
3475336Smckusic 	 */
348*5362Smckusic 	for (cylno = 1; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
349*5362Smckusic 		wtfs(cgsblock(cylno, &sblock), SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
3504234Smckusick #ifndef STANDALONE
3515336Smckusic 	exit(0);
3524234Smckusick #endif
3534234Smckusick }
3544234Smckusick 
3554234Smckusick /*
3564234Smckusick  * Initialize a cylinder group.
3574234Smckusick  */
358*5362Smckusic initcg(cylno)
359*5362Smckusic 	int cylno;
3604234Smckusick {
3614234Smckusick 	daddr_t cbase, d, dmin, dmax;
3624234Smckusick 	long i, j, s;
3634234Smckusick 	register struct csum *cs;
3644234Smckusick 
3654234Smckusick 	/*
3664234Smckusick 	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
3674234Smckusick 	 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
3684234Smckusick 	 * cylinder group.
3694234Smckusick 	 */
370*5362Smckusic 	cbase = cgbase(cylno,&sblock);
3714234Smckusick 	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
3724234Smckusick 	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
3734234Smckusick 		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
374*5362Smckusic 	dmin = sblock.fs_dblkno;
3754234Smckusick 	d = cbase;
376*5362Smckusic 	cs = fscs + cylno;
3774234Smckusick 	acg.cg_time = utime;
3784234Smckusick 	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
379*5362Smckusic 	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
3804234Smckusick 	acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
3814234Smckusick 	acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
3824234Smckusick 	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
3834788Smckusic 	acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir = 0;
3844788Smckusic 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree = 0;
3854788Smckusic 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree = 0;
3864788Smckusic 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree = 0;
3874465Smckusic 	acg.cg_rotor = dmin;
3884465Smckusic 	acg.cg_frotor = dmin;
3894257Smckusic 	acg.cg_irotor = 0;
3905324Smckusic 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++) {
3914465Smckusic 		acg.cg_frsum[i] = 0;
3924465Smckusic 	}
3934465Smckusic 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg; ) {
3945324Smckusic 		for (j = INOPB(&sblock); j > 0; j--) {
3954234Smckusick 			clrbit(acg.cg_iused, i);
3964234Smckusick 			i++;
3974234Smckusick 		}
3985324Smckusic 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += INOPB(&sblock);
3994234Smckusick 	}
400*5362Smckusic 	if (cylno == 0)
4015336Smckusic 		for (i = 0; i < ROOTINO; i++) {
4025336Smckusic 			setbit(acg.cg_iused, i);
4035336Smckusic 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
4045336Smckusic 		}
4054234Smckusick 	while (i < MAXIPG) {
4064234Smckusick 		clrbit(acg.cg_iused, i);
4074234Smckusick 		i++;
4084234Smckusick 	}
409*5362Smckusic 	lseek(fso, fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(cylno,&sblock)) * DEV_BSIZE, 0);
4104234Smckusick 	if (write(fso, (char *)zino, sblock.fs_ipg * sizeof (struct dinode)) !=
4114234Smckusick 	    sblock.fs_ipg * sizeof (struct dinode))
4125324Smckusic 		printf("write error %D\n", tell(fso) / sblock.fs_bsize);
4134234Smckusick 	for (i = 0; i < MAXCPG; i++)
4144234Smckusick 		for (j = 0; j < NRPOS; j++)
4154234Smckusick 			acg.cg_b[i][j] = 0;
416*5362Smckusic 	if (cylno == 0) {
4175324Smckusic 		dmin += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_bsize) *
4185324Smckusic 			sblock.fs_frag;
4194234Smckusick 	}
4205324Smckusic 	for (d = 0; d < dmin; d += sblock.fs_frag)
4215324Smckusic 		clrblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
4225324Smckusic 	while ((d+sblock.fs_frag) <= dmax - cbase) {
4235324Smckusic 		setblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
4244788Smckusic 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
425*5362Smckusic 		acg.cg_b[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)][cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
4265324Smckusic 		d += sblock.fs_frag;
4274234Smckusick 	}
4284234Smckusick 	if (d < dmax - cbase)
429*5362Smckusic 		acg.cg_frsum[dmax - cbase - d]++;
4304251Smckusic 		for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
4314251Smckusic 			setbit(acg.cg_free, d);
4324788Smckusic 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
4334251Smckusic 		}
4345324Smckusic 	for (; d < MAXBPG(&sblock); d++)
4354234Smckusick 		clrbit(acg.cg_free, d);
4364788Smckusic 	sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dmin;
4374788Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
4384788Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
4394788Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
4404788Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree;
4414788Smckusic 	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
442*5362Smckusic 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(cylno, &sblock)),
4435324Smckusic 		sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)&acg);
4444234Smckusick }
4454234Smckusick 
4465336Smckusic /*
4475336Smckusic  * initialize the file system
4485336Smckusic  */
4495336Smckusic struct inode node;
4505336Smckusic #define PREDEFDIR 3
4515336Smckusic struct direct root_dir[MAXNDIR] = {
4525336Smckusic 	{ ROOTINO, ".", 0, IFDIR },
4535336Smckusic 	{ ROOTINO, "..", 0, IFDIR },
4545336Smckusic 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, "lost+found", 0, IFDIR },
4555336Smckusic };
4565336Smckusic struct direct lost_found_dir[MAXNDIR] = {
4575336Smckusic 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, ".", 0, IFDIR },
4585336Smckusic 	{ ROOTINO, "..", 0, IFDIR },
4595336Smckusic };
4605336Smckusic 
4615336Smckusic fsinit()
4624234Smckusick {
4634234Smckusick 	/*
4645336Smckusic 	 * initialize the node
4654234Smckusick 	 */
4665336Smckusic 	node.i_atime = utime;
4675336Smckusic 	node.i_mtime = utime;
4685336Smckusic 	node.i_ctime = utime;
4694234Smckusick 	/*
4705336Smckusic 	 * create the lost+found directory
4714234Smckusick 	 */
4725336Smckusic 	node.i_number = LOSTFOUNDINO;
4735336Smckusic 	node.i_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
4745336Smckusic 	node.i_nlink = 2;
4755336Smckusic 	node.i_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
4765336Smckusic 	node.i_db[0] = alloc(node.i_size, node.i_mode);
4775336Smckusic 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.i_db[0]), node.i_size, lost_found_dir);
4785336Smckusic 	iput(&node);
4795336Smckusic 	/*
4805336Smckusic 	 * create the root directory
4815336Smckusic 	 */
4825336Smckusic 	node.i_number = ROOTINO;
4835336Smckusic 	node.i_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
4845336Smckusic 	node.i_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
4855336Smckusic 	node.i_size = PREDEFDIR * sizeof(struct direct);
4865336Smckusic 	node.i_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.i_mode);
4875336Smckusic 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.i_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, root_dir);
4885336Smckusic 	iput(&node);
4894234Smckusick }
4904234Smckusick 
4915336Smckusic /*
4925336Smckusic  * allocate a block or frag
4935336Smckusic  */
4944234Smckusick daddr_t
4954427Smckusic alloc(size, mode)
4964427Smckusic 	int size;
4974427Smckusic 	int mode;
4984234Smckusick {
499*5362Smckusic 	int i, frag;
5004234Smckusick 	daddr_t d;
5014234Smckusick 
5025324Smckusic 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(0,&sblock)),
5035336Smckusic 		roundup(sblock.fs_cgsize, DEV_BSIZE), (char *)&acg);
5044788Smckusic 	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
5054234Smckusick 		printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
5064234Smckusick 		return (0);
5074234Smckusick 	}
5085324Smckusic 	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
5095324Smckusic 		if (isblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d / sblock.fs_frag))
5104234Smckusick 			goto goth;
5114234Smckusick 	printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
5124234Smckusick 	return (0);
5134234Smckusick goth:
5145324Smckusic 	clrblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d / sblock.fs_frag);
5154788Smckusic 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
5164788Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
5174234Smckusick 	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
5184427Smckusic 	if (mode & IFDIR) {
5194788Smckusic 		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
5204788Smckusic 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
5214427Smckusic 		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
5224427Smckusic 	}
523*5362Smckusic 	acg.cg_b[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)][cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
5245324Smckusic 	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
5255324Smckusic 		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
5265324Smckusic 		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
5275324Smckusic 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
5285324Smckusic 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
5295324Smckusic 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
5305324Smckusic 		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
5314234Smckusick 			setbit(acg.cg_free, d+i);
5324234Smckusick 	}
5335324Smckusic 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(0,&sblock)),
5345324Smckusic 		roundup(sblock.fs_cgsize, DEV_BSIZE), (char *)&acg);
5354234Smckusick 	return (d);
5364234Smckusick }
5374234Smckusick 
5385336Smckusic /*
5395336Smckusic  * Allocate an inode on the disk
5405336Smckusic  */
5415336Smckusic iput(ip)
5425336Smckusic 	register struct inode *ip;
5434234Smckusick {
5445336Smckusic 	struct dinode buf[MAXINOPB];
5455336Smckusic 	daddr_t d;
5465336Smckusic 	int c;
5474234Smckusick 
5485336Smckusic 	c = itog(ip->i_number, &sblock);
5495336Smckusic 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(c,&sblock)),
5505336Smckusic 		roundup(sblock.fs_cgsize, DEV_BSIZE), (char *)&acg);
5515336Smckusic 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
5525336Smckusic 	setbit(acg.cg_iused, ip->i_number);
5535336Smckusic 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(c,&sblock)),
5545336Smckusic 		roundup(sblock.fs_cgsize, DEV_BSIZE), (char *)&acg);
5555336Smckusic 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
5565336Smckusic 	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
5575336Smckusic 	if(ip->i_number >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) {
5585336Smckusic 		printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%d).\n",
5595336Smckusic 		    ip->i_number);
5605336Smckusic 		exit(1);
5615336Smckusic 	}
5625336Smckusic 	d = fsbtodb(&sblock, itod(ip->i_number, &sblock));
5635336Smckusic 	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
5645336Smckusic 	buf[itoo(ip->i_number, &sblock)].di_ic = ip->i_ic;
5655336Smckusic 	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
5664234Smckusick }
5674234Smckusick 
5685336Smckusic /*
5695336Smckusic  * read a block from the file system
5705336Smckusic  */
5715336Smckusic rdfs(bno, size, bf)
5725336Smckusic 	daddr_t bno;
5734427Smckusic 	int size;
5745336Smckusic 	char *bf;
5754234Smckusick {
5765336Smckusic 	int n;
5774234Smckusick 
5785346Smckusic 	if (lseek(fsi, bno * DEV_BSIZE, 0) < 0) {
5795346Smckusic 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", bno);
5805346Smckusic 		perror("rdfs");
5815346Smckusic 		exit(1);
5825346Smckusic 	}
5835336Smckusic 	n = read(fsi, bf, size);
5845336Smckusic 	if(n != size) {
5855336Smckusic 		printf("read error: %ld\n", bno);
5865346Smckusic 		perror("rdfs");
5875336Smckusic 		exit(1);
5884234Smckusick 	}
5894234Smckusick }
5904234Smckusick 
5915336Smckusic /*
5925336Smckusic  * write a block to the file system
5935336Smckusic  */
5945336Smckusic wtfs(bno, size, bf)
5955336Smckusic 	daddr_t bno;
5965336Smckusic 	int size;
5975336Smckusic 	char *bf;
5984234Smckusick {
5995336Smckusic 	int n;
6004234Smckusick 
6015336Smckusic 	lseek(fso, bno * DEV_BSIZE, 0);
6025346Smckusic 	if (lseek(fso, bno * DEV_BSIZE, 0) < 0) {
6035346Smckusic 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", bno);
6045346Smckusic 		perror("wtfs");
6055346Smckusic 		exit(1);
6065346Smckusic 	}
6075336Smckusic 	n = write(fso, bf, size);
6085336Smckusic 	if(n != size) {
6095336Smckusic 		printf("write error: %D\n", bno);
6105346Smckusic 		perror("wtfs");
6114234Smckusick 		exit(1);
6124234Smckusick 	}
6134234Smckusick }
6145324Smckusic 
6155324Smckusic /*
6165336Smckusic  * check if a block is available
6175324Smckusic  */
6185324Smckusic isblock(fs, cp, h)
6195324Smckusic 	struct fs *fs;
6205324Smckusic 	unsigned char *cp;
6215324Smckusic 	int h;
6225324Smckusic {
6235324Smckusic 	unsigned char mask;
6245324Smckusic 
6255324Smckusic 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
6265324Smckusic 	case 8:
6275324Smckusic 		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
6285324Smckusic 	case 4:
6295324Smckusic 		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
6305324Smckusic 		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
6315324Smckusic 	case 2:
6325324Smckusic 		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
6335324Smckusic 		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
6345324Smckusic 	case 1:
6355324Smckusic 		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
6365324Smckusic 		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
6375324Smckusic 	default:
6385324Smckusic 		fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
6395324Smckusic 		return;
6405324Smckusic 	}
6415324Smckusic }
6425324Smckusic 
6435336Smckusic /*
6445336Smckusic  * take a block out of the map
6455336Smckusic  */
6465324Smckusic clrblock(fs, cp, h)
6475324Smckusic 	struct fs *fs;
6485324Smckusic 	unsigned char *cp;
6495324Smckusic 	int h;
6505324Smckusic {
6515324Smckusic 	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
6525324Smckusic 	case 8:
6535324Smckusic 		cp[h] = 0;
6545324Smckusic 		return;
6555324Smckusic 	case 4:
6565324Smckusic 		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
6575324Smckusic 		return;
6585324Smckusic 	case 2:
6595324Smckusic 		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
6605324Smckusic 		return;
6615324Smckusic 	case 1:
6625324Smckusic 		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
6635324Smckusic 		return;
6645324Smckusic 	default:
6655324Smckusic 		fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
6665324Smckusic 		return;
6675324Smckusic 	}
6685324Smckusic }
6695324Smckusic 
6705336Smckusic /*
6715336Smckusic  * put a block into the map
6725336Smckusic  */
6735324Smckusic setblock(fs, cp, h)
6745324Smckusic 	struct fs *fs;
6755324Smckusic 	unsigned char *cp;
6765324Smckusic 	int h;
6775324Smckusic {
6785324Smckusic 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
6795324Smckusic 	case 8:
6805324Smckusic 		cp[h] = 0xff;
6815324Smckusic 		return;
6825324Smckusic 	case 4:
6835324Smckusic 		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
6845324Smckusic 		return;
6855324Smckusic 	case 2:
6865324Smckusic 		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
6875324Smckusic 		return;
6885324Smckusic 	case 1:
6895324Smckusic 		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
6905324Smckusic 		return;
6915324Smckusic 	default:
6925324Smckusic 		fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
6935324Smckusic 		return;
6945324Smckusic 	}
6955324Smckusic }
696