xref: /csrg-svn/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision 5324)

static	char *sccsid = "@(#)mkfs.c	1.10 (Berkeley) 01/05/82";

/*
 * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
 *
 * usage: mkfs fs proto
 * or: mkfs size [ bsize frag nsect ntrak cpg ]
 */

#define	NDIRECT(fs)	((fs)->fs_bsize/sizeof(struct direct))
#define	MAXFN	500

#ifndef STANDALONE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <a.out.h>
#endif

#include "../h/param.h"
#include "../h/inode.h"
#include "../h/fs.h"
#include "../h/dir.h"

time_t	utime;

#ifndef STANDALONE
FILE 	*fin;
#else
int	fin;
#endif

int	fsi;
int	fso;
char	*charp;
char	buf[MAXBSIZE];
#ifndef STANDALONE
struct exec head;
#endif
char	string[50];

union {
	struct fs fs;
	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
} fsun;
#define	sblock	fsun.fs
struct	csum *fscs;

union {
	struct cg cg;
	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
} cgun;
#define	acg	cgun.cg

char	*fsys;
char	*proto;
int	error;
ino_t	ino = ROOTINO - 1;
long	getnum();
daddr_t	alloc();

struct	dinode zino[MAXIPG];

main(argc, argv)
	int argc;
	char *argv[];
{
	int f, c;
	long i,n;

	argc--, argv++;
#ifndef STANDALONE
	time(&utime);
	if(argc < 2) {
		printf("usage: mkfs sblock proto/size [ bsize frag nsect ntrak cpg ]\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	fsys = argv[0];
	proto = argv[1];
#else
	{
		static char protos[60];

		printf("file sys size: ");
		gets(protos);
		proto = protos;
	}
#endif
#ifdef STANDALONE
	{
		char fsbuf[100];

		do {
			printf("file system: ");
			gets(fsbuf);
			fso = open(fsbuf, 1);
			fsi = open(fsbuf, 0);
		} while (fso < 0 || fsi < 0);
	}
	fin = NULL;
	argc = 0;
#else
	fso = creat(fsys, 0666);
	if(fso < 0) {
		printf("%s: cannot create\n", fsys);
		exit(1);
	}
	fsi = open(fsys, 0);
	if(fsi < 0) {
		printf("%s: cannot open\n", fsys);
		exit(1);
	}
	fin = fopen(proto, "r");
#endif
#ifndef STANDALONE
	if (fin != NULL) {
		getstr();
		f = open(string, 0);
		if (f < 0) {
			printf("%s: cannot open init\n", string);
			goto noinit;
		}
		read(f, (char *)&head, sizeof head);
		c = head.a_text + head.a_data;
		if (c > MAXBSIZE)
			printf("%s: too big\n", string);
		else {
			read(f, buf, c);
			wtfs(BBLOCK, MAXBSIZE, buf);
		}
		close(f);
noinit:
		n = getnum();
		sblock.fs_bsize = MAXBSIZE;
		sblock.fs_frag = MAXFRAG;
		sblock.fs_fsize = MAXBSIZE / MAXFRAG;
		sblock.fs_rotdelay = ROTDELAY;
		sblock.fs_minfree = MINFREE;
		sblock.fs_ntrak = getnum();
		sblock.fs_nsect = getnum();
		sblock.fs_cpg = getnum();
	} else
#endif
	{
		charp = "d--777 0 0 $ ";
		n = 0;
		for (f=0; c=proto[f]; f++) {
			if (c<'0' || c>'9') {
				printf("%s: cannot open\n", proto);
				exit(1);
			}
			n = n*10 + (c-'0');
		}
		if (argc > 2)
			sblock.fs_bsize = atoi(argv[2]);
		else
			sblock.fs_bsize = MAXBSIZE;
		if (argc > 3)
			sblock.fs_fsize = atoi(argv[3]);
		else
			sblock.fs_fsize = MAXBSIZE / MAXFRAG;
		if (argc > 4)
			sblock.fs_nsect = atoi(argv[4]);
		else
			sblock.fs_nsect = 32;
		if (argc > 5)
			sblock.fs_ntrak = atoi(argv[5]);
		else
			sblock.fs_ntrak = 19;
		sblock.fs_frag = sblock.fs_bsize / sblock.fs_fsize;
		sblock.fs_rotdelay = ROTDELAY;
		sblock.fs_minfree = MINFREE;
	}
	/*
	 * Now have size for file system and nsect and ntrak.
	 * (And, if coming from prototype, cpg).
	 * Determine number of cylinders occupied by file system.
	 */
	if (sblock.fs_fsize < DEV_BSIZE) {
		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
		    sblock.fs_fsize, DEV_BSIZE);
		exit(1);
	}
	if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
		printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
		    sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
		exit(1);
	}
	sblock.fs_size = n = dbtofsb(&sblock, n);
	if (sblock.fs_ntrak <= 0)
		printf("preposterous ntrak %d\n", sblock.fs_ntrak), exit(1);
	if (sblock.fs_nsect <= 0)
		printf("preposterous nsect %d\n", sblock.fs_nsect), exit(1);
	if (sblock.fs_size <= 0)
		printf("preposterous size %d\n", sblock.fs_size), exit(1);
	if (sblock.fs_ntrak * sblock.fs_nsect > MAXBPG(&sblock) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
		printf("cylinder too large (%d sectors)\n",
		    sblock.fs_ntrak * sblock.fs_nsect);
		printf("maximum cylinder size: %d sectors\n",
		    MAXBPG(&sblock) * NSPB(&sblock));
		exit(1);
	}
	sblock.fs_ncyl = n * NSPF(&sblock) / (sblock.fs_nsect * sblock.fs_ntrak);
	if (n * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_nsect * sblock.fs_ntrak) {
		printf("%d sector(s) in last cylinder unused\n",
		    n * NSPF(&sblock) - sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_nsect * sblock.fs_ntrak);
		sblock.fs_ncyl++;
	}
	sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
	/*
	 * Validate specified/determined cpg.
	 */
#define	CGTOOBIG(fs) \
   ((fs).fs_nsect * (fs).fs_ntrak * (fs).fs_cpg/NSPB(&sblock) > MAXBPG(&sblock))
	if (argc > 6 || fin) {
		if (fin == NULL)
			sblock.fs_cpg = atoi(argv[6]);
		if (CGTOOBIG(sblock)) {
			printf("cylinder group too large (%d blocks); ",
			    sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_nsect * sblock.fs_ntrak / NSPB(&sblock));
			printf("max: %d blocks\n", MAXBPG(&sblock));
			exit(1);
		}
		if (sblock.fs_cpg > MAXCPG) {
			printf("cylinder groups are limited to %d cylinders\n",
			    MAXCPG);
			exit(1);
		}
	} else {
		sblock.fs_cpg = DESCPG;
		while (CGTOOBIG(sblock))
			--sblock.fs_cpg;
	}
	/*
	 * Compute/validate number of cylinder groups.
	 */
	sblock.fs_ncg = sblock.fs_ncyl / sblock.fs_cpg;
	if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg)
		sblock.fs_ncg++;
	if ((sblock.fs_nsect*sblock.fs_ntrak*sblock.fs_cpg) % NSPF(&sblock)) {
		printf("mkfs: nsect %d, ntrak %d, cpg %d is not tolerable\n",
		    sblock.fs_nsect, sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_cpg);
		printf("as this would would have cyl groups whose size\n");
		printf("is not a multiple of %d; choke!\n", sblock.fs_fsize);
		exit(1);
	}
	fscs = (struct csum *)
	    calloc(1, roundup(sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof (struct csum),
		sblock.fs_bsize));
	/*
	 * Compute number of inode blocks per cylinder group.
	 * Start with one inode per NBPI bytes; adjust as necessary.
	 */
	n = ((n * sblock.fs_fsize) / NBPI) / INOPB(&sblock);
	if (n <= 0)
		n = 1;
	sblock.fs_ipg = ((n / sblock.fs_ncg) + 1) * INOPB(&sblock);
	if (sblock.fs_ipg < INOPB(&sblock))
		sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock);
	if (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG)
		sblock.fs_ipg = MAXIPG;
	sblock.fs_spc = sblock.fs_ntrak * sblock.fs_nsect;
	sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) /
			(sblock.fs_fsize / SECTSIZE);
	if (cgdmin(0,&sblock) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
		printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d)\n",
		    cgdmin(0,&sblock) / sblock.fs_frag,
		    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag);
		exit(1);
	}
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg;
	sblock.fs_cgsize = cgsize(&sblock);
	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(0, &sblock);
	sblock.fs_cssize = sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum);
	sblock.fs_sblkno = SBLOCK;
	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;

	/*
	 * Dump out information about file system.
	 */
	printf("%s:\t%d sectors in %d cylinders of %d tracks, %d sectors\n",
	    fsys, sblock.fs_size*NSPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_ncyl,
	    sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_nsect);
	printf("\t%.1fMb in %d cyl groups (%d c/g, %.2fMb/g, %d i/g)\n",
	    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * 1e-6, sblock.fs_ncg,
	    sblock.fs_cpg, (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * 1e-6,
	    sblock.fs_ipg);
/*
	printf("%7d size (%d blocks)\n",
		sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_frag);
	printf("%7d cylinder groups\n", sblock.fs_ncg);
	printf("%7d cylinder group block size\n", sblock.fs_cgsize);
	printf("%7d tracks\n", sblock.fs_ntrak);
	printf("%7d sectors\n", sblock.fs_nsect);
	printf("%7d sectors per cylinder\n", sblock.fs_spc);
	printf("%7d cylinders\n", sblock.fs_ncyl);
	printf("%7d cylinders per group\n", sblock.fs_cpg);
	printf("%7d blocks per group\n", sblock.fs_fpg/sblock.fs_frag);
	printf("%7d inodes per group\n", sblock.fs_ipg);
	if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg) {
		printf("%7d cylinders in last group\n",
		    i = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg);
		printf("%7d blocks in last group\n",
		    i * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock));
	}
*/
	/*
	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups forwarded
	 * past bad blocks or other obstructions.
	 */
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < NRPOS; i++)
		sblock.fs_postbl[i] = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_spc; i += (NSPF(&sblock) * sblock.fs_frag))
		/* void */;
	for (i -= (NSPF(&sblock) * sblock.fs_frag);
	     i >= 0;
	     i -= (NSPF(&sblock) * sblock.fs_frag)) {
		c = i % sblock.fs_nsect * NRPOS / sblock.fs_nsect;
		sblock.fs_rotbl[i / (NSPF(&sblock) * sblock.fs_frag)] =
			sblock.fs_postbl[c];
		sblock.fs_postbl[c] = i / (NSPF(&sblock) * sblock.fs_frag);
	}
	for (c = 0; c < sblock.fs_ncg; c++)
		initcg(c);
	if (sblock.fs_ncg == 1)
		printf("Warning, no super-block backups with only one cylinder group\n");
	else
		printf("\tsuper-block backups (for fsck -b#) at %d+k*%d (%d .. %d)\n",
		    SBLOCK, fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg),
		    SBLOCK + fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg),
		    SBLOCK + fsbtodb(&sblock, (sblock.fs_ncg - 1) *
			sblock.fs_fpg));
	/*
	 * Now construct the initial file system, and
	 * then write out the super-block.
	 */
	cfile((struct inode *)0);
	sblock.fs_time = utime;
	wtfs(SBLOCK, MAXBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + i / sblock.fs_fsize),
			sblock.fs_bsize, ((char *)fscs) + i);
	for (c = 0; c < sblock.fs_ncg; c++)
		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(c, &sblock)),
			MAXBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
#ifndef STANDALONE
	exit(error);
#endif
}

/*
 * Initialize a cylinder group.
 */
initcg(c)
	int c;
{
	daddr_t cbase, d, dmin, dmax;
	long i, j, s;
	register struct csum *cs;

	/*
	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
	 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
	 * cylinder group.
	 */
	cbase = cgbase(c,&sblock);
	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
	dmin = cgdmin(c,&sblock) - cbase;
	d = cbase;
	cs = fscs+c;
	acg.cg_time = utime;
	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
	acg.cg_cgx = c;
	acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
	acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
	acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir = 0;
	acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree = 0;
	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree = 0;
	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree = 0;
	acg.cg_rotor = dmin;
	acg.cg_frotor = dmin;
	acg.cg_irotor = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++) {
		acg.cg_frsum[i] = 0;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg; ) {
		for (j = INOPB(&sblock); j > 0; j--) {
			clrbit(acg.cg_iused, i);
			i++;
		}
		acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += INOPB(&sblock);
	}
	while (i < MAXIPG) {
		clrbit(acg.cg_iused, i);
		i++;
	}
	lseek(fso, fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(c,&sblock)) * DEV_BSIZE, 0);
	if (write(fso, (char *)zino, sblock.fs_ipg * sizeof (struct dinode)) !=
	    sblock.fs_ipg * sizeof (struct dinode))
		printf("write error %D\n", tell(fso) / sblock.fs_bsize);
	for (i = 0; i < MAXCPG; i++)
		for (j = 0; j < NRPOS; j++)
			acg.cg_b[i][j] = 0;
	if (c == 0) {
		dmin += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_bsize) *
			sblock.fs_frag;
	}
	for (d = 0; d < dmin; d += sblock.fs_frag)
		clrblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
	while ((d+sblock.fs_frag) <= dmax - cbase) {
		setblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
		s = d * NSPF(&sblock);
		acg.cg_b[s / sblock.fs_spc]
		    [s % sblock.fs_nsect * NRPOS / sblock.fs_nsect]++;
		d += sblock.fs_frag;
	}
	if (d < dmax - cbase)
		for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
			setbit(acg.cg_free, d);
			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
		}
	for (; d < MAXBPG(&sblock); d++)
		clrbit(acg.cg_free, d);
	sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dmin;
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree;
	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(c, &sblock)),
		sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)&acg);
}

cfile(par)
	struct inode *par;
{
	struct inode in;
	int dbc, ibc;
	char db[MAXBSIZE];
	daddr_t ib[MAXBSIZE / sizeof(daddr_t)];
	int i, f, c;

	/*
	 * get mode, uid and gid
	 */

	getstr();
	in.i_mode = gmode(string[0], "-bcd", IFREG, IFBLK, IFCHR, IFDIR);
	in.i_mode |= gmode(string[1], "-u", 0, ISUID, 0, 0);
	in.i_mode |= gmode(string[2], "-g", 0, ISGID, 0, 0);
	for(i=3; i<6; i++) {
		c = string[i];
		if(c<'0' || c>'7') {
			printf("%c/%s: bad octal mode digit\n", c, string);
			error = 1;
			c = 0;
		}
		in.i_mode |= (c-'0')<<(15-3*i);
	}
	in.i_uid = getnum();
	in.i_gid = getnum();
	in.i_atime = utime;
	in.i_mtime = utime;
	in.i_ctime = utime;

	/*
	 * general initialization prior to
	 * switching on format
	 */

	ino++;
	in.i_number = ino;
	for(i=0; i<sblock.fs_bsize; i++)
		db[i] = 0;
	for(i=0; i<NINDIR(&sblock); i++)
		ib[i] = (daddr_t)0;
	in.i_nlink = 1;
	in.i_size = 0;
	for(i=0; i<NDADDR; i++)
		in.i_db[i] = (daddr_t)0;
	for(i=0; i<NIADDR; i++)
		in.i_ib[i] = (daddr_t)0;
	if(par == (struct inode *)0) {
		par = &in;
		in.i_nlink--;
	}
	dbc = 0;
	ibc = 0;
	switch(in.i_mode&IFMT) {

	case IFREG:
		/*
		 * regular file
		 * contents is a file name
		 */

		getstr();
		f = open(string, 0);
		if(f < 0) {
			printf("%s: cannot open\n", string);
			error = 1;
			break;
		}
		while((i = read(f, db, sblock.fs_bsize)) > 0) {
			in.i_size += i;
			newblk(&dbc, db, &ibc, ib,
				ibc < NDADDR ? i : sblock.fs_bsize, 0);
		}
		close(f);
		break;

	case IFBLK:
	case IFCHR:
		/*
		 * special file
		 * content is maj/min types
		 */

		i = getnum() & 0377;
		f = getnum() & 0377;
		in.i_rdev = makedev(i, f);
		break;

	case IFDIR:
		/*
		 * directory
		 * put in extra links
		 * call recursively until
		 * name of "$" found
		 */

		par->i_nlink++;
		in.i_nlink++;
		entry(in.i_number, ".", &dbc, db, &ibc, ib);
		entry(par->i_number, "..", &dbc, db, &ibc, ib);
		in.i_size = 2*sizeof(struct direct);
		for(;;) {
			getstr();
			if(string[0]=='$' && string[1]=='\0')
				break;
			if (in.i_size >= sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR) {
				printf("can't handle direct of > %d entries\n",
				    NDIRECT(&sblock) * NDADDR);
				exit(1);
			}
			entry(ino+1, string, &dbc, db, &ibc, ib);
			in.i_size += sizeof(struct direct);
			cfile(&in);
		}
		newblk(&dbc, db, &ibc, ib, roundup(dbc, sblock.fs_fsize),
			IFDIR);
		break;
	}
	iput(&in, &ibc, ib);
}

gmode(c, s, m0, m1, m2, m3)
	char c, *s;
	int m0, m1, m2, m3;
{
	int i;

	for(i=0; s[i]; i++)
		if(c == s[i])
			return((&m0)[i]);
	printf("%c/%s: bad mode\n", c, string);
	error = 1;
	return(0);
}

long
getnum()
{
	int i, c;
	long n;

	getstr();
	n = 0;
	i = 0;
	for(i=0; c=string[i]; i++) {
		if(c<'0' || c>'9') {
			printf("%s: bad number\n", string);
			error = 1;
			return((long)0);
		}
		n = n*10 + (c-'0');
	}
	return(n);
}

getstr()
{
	int i, c;

loop:
	switch(c=getch()) {

	case ' ':
	case '\t':
	case '\n':
		goto loop;

	case '\0':
		printf("EOF\n");
		exit(1);

	case ':':
		while(getch() != '\n');
		goto loop;

	}
	i = 0;

	do {
		string[i++] = c;
		c = getch();
	} while(c!=' '&&c!='\t'&&c!='\n'&&c!='\0');
	string[i] = '\0';
}

rdfs(bno, size, bf)
	daddr_t bno;
	int size;
	char *bf;
{
	int n;

	lseek(fsi, bno * DEV_BSIZE, 0);
	n = read(fsi, bf, size);
	if(n != size) {
		printf("read error: %ld\n", bno);
		exit(1);
	}
}

wtfs(bno, size, bf)
	daddr_t bno;
	int size;
	char *bf;
{
	int n;

	lseek(fso, bno * DEV_BSIZE, 0);
	n = write(fso, bf, size);
	if(n != size) {
		printf("write error: %D\n", bno);
		exit(1);
	}
}

daddr_t
alloc(size, mode)
	int size;
	int mode;
{
	int c, i, s, frag;
	daddr_t d;

	c = 0;
	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(0,&sblock)),
		sblock.fs_cgsize, (char *)&acg);
	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
		printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
		return (0);
	}
	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
		if (isblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d / sblock.fs_frag))
			goto goth;
	printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
	return (0);
goth:
	clrblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d / sblock.fs_frag);
	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
	if (mode & IFDIR) {
		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
	}
	s = d * NSPF(&sblock);
	acg.cg_b[s / sblock.fs_spc]
		[s % sblock.fs_nsect * NRPOS / sblock.fs_nsect]--;
	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
			setbit(acg.cg_free, d+i);
	}
	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(0,&sblock)),
		roundup(sblock.fs_cgsize, DEV_BSIZE), (char *)&acg);
	return (d);
}

entry(inum, str, adbc, db, aibc, ib)
	ino_t inum;
	char *str;
	int *adbc, *aibc;
	char *db;
	daddr_t *ib;
{
	struct direct *dp;
	int i;

	if (*adbc == NDIRECT(&sblock))
		newblk(adbc, db, aibc, ib, sblock.fs_bsize, 0);
	dp = (struct direct *)db;
	dp += *adbc;
	(*adbc)++;
	dp->d_ino = inum;
	for(i=0; i < DIRSIZ; i++)
		dp->d_name[i] = 0;
	for(i=0; i < DIRSIZ; i++)
		if((dp->d_name[i] = str[i]) == 0)
			break;
}

newblk(adbc, db, aibc, ib, size, mode)
	int *adbc, *aibc;
	char *db;
	daddr_t *ib;
	int size;
	int mode;
{
	int i;
	daddr_t bno;

	bno = alloc(size, mode);
	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, bno), size, db);
	for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
		db[i] = 0;
	*adbc = 0;
	ib[*aibc] = bno;
	(*aibc)++;
	if(*aibc >= NINDIR(&sblock)) {
		printf("indirect block full\n");
		error = 1;
		*aibc = 0;
	}
}

getch()
{

#ifndef STANDALONE
	if(charp)
#endif
		return(*charp++);
#ifndef STANDALONE
	return(getc(fin));
#endif
}

iput(ip, aibc, ib)
	struct inode *ip;
	int *aibc;
	daddr_t *ib;
{
	struct dinode *dp;
	daddr_t d;
	int i, c = ip->i_number / sblock.fs_ipg;

	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(c,&sblock)),
		sblock.fs_cgsize, (char *)&acg);
	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
	setbit(acg.cg_iused, ip->i_number);
	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(c,&sblock)),
		roundup(sblock.fs_cgsize, DEV_BSIZE), (char *)&acg);
	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
	if(ip->i_number >= sblock.fs_ipg) {
		printf("mkfs: cant handle more than one cg of inodes (yet)\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	if(ip->i_number >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) {
		if(error == 0)
			printf("ilist too small\n");
		error = 1;
		return;
	}
	d = itod(ip->i_number,&sblock);
	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, d), sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
	for(i = 0; i < *aibc; i++) {
		if(i >= NDADDR)
			break;
		ip->i_db[i] = ib[i];
	}
	if(*aibc >= NDADDR) {
		ip->i_ib[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_bsize, 0);
		for(i=0; i<NINDIR(&sblock)-NDADDR; i++) {
			ib[i] = ib[i+NDADDR];
			ib[i+NDADDR] = (daddr_t)0;
		}
		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, ip->i_ib[0]), sblock.fs_bsize,
			(char *)ib);
	}
	((struct dinode *)buf + itoo(ip->i_number, &sblock))->di_ic = ip->i_ic;
	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, d), sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
}

/*
 * block operations
 */

isblock(fs, cp, h)
	struct fs *fs;
	unsigned char *cp;
	int h;
{
	unsigned char mask;

	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
	case 8:
		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
	case 4:
		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
	case 2:
		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
	case 1:
		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
		return;
	}
}

clrblock(fs, cp, h)
	struct fs *fs;
	unsigned char *cp;
	int h;
{
	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
	case 8:
		cp[h] = 0;
		return;
	case 4:
		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
		return;
	case 2:
		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
		return;
	case 1:
		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
		return;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
		return;
	}
}

setblock(fs, cp, h)
	struct fs *fs;
	unsigned char *cp;
	int h;
{
	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
	case 8:
		cp[h] = 0xff;
		return;
	case 4:
		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
		return;
	case 2:
		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
		return;
	case 1:
		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
		return;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
		return;
	}
}