xref: /plan9/sys/src/cmd/gs/src/gdevpdfm.c (revision 593dc095aefb2a85c828727bbfa9da139a49bdf4)

/* Copyright (C) 1996, 2000 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.

  This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
  implied.

  This software is distributed under license and may not be copied,
  modified or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms
  of the license contained in the file LICENSE in this distribution.

  For more information about licensing, please refer to
  http://www.ghostscript.com/licensing/. For information on
  commercial licensing, go to http://www.artifex.com/licensing/ or
  contact Artifex Software, Inc., 101 Lucas Valley Road #110,
  San Rafael, CA  94903, U.S.A., +1(415)492-9861.
*/

/* $Id: gdevpdfm.c,v 1.50 2005/10/17 19:23:44 leonardo Exp $ */
/* pdfmark processing for PDF-writing driver */
#include "math_.h"
#include "memory_.h"
#include "string_.h"
#include "gx.h"
#include "gserrors.h"
#include "gsutil.h"		/* for bytes_compare */
#include "gdevpdfx.h"
#include "gdevpdfo.h"
#include "scanchar.h"
#include "szlibx.h"
#include "slzwx.h"

/* GC descriptors */
private_st_pdf_article();

/*
 * The pdfmark pseudo-parameter indicates the occurrence of a pdfmark
 * operator in the input file.  Its "value" is the arguments of the operator,
 * passed through essentially unchanged:
 *      (key, value)*, CTM, type
 */

/*
 * Define an entry in a table of pdfmark-processing procedures.
 * (The actual table is at the end of this file, to avoid the need for
 * forward declarations for the procedures.)
 */
#define PDFMARK_NAMEABLE 1	/* allows _objdef */
#define PDFMARK_ODD_OK 2	/* OK if odd # of parameters */
#define PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME 4	/* don't substitute reference for name */
				/* in 1st argument */
#define PDFMARK_NO_REFS 8	/* don't substitute references for names */
				/* anywhere */
#define PDFMARK_TRUECTM 16	/* pass the true CTM to the procedure, */
				/* not the one transformed to reflect the default user space */
typedef struct pdfmark_name_s {
    const char *mname;
    pdfmark_proc((*proc));
    byte options;
} pdfmark_name;

/* ---------------- Public utilities ---------------- */

/* Compare a C string and a gs_param_string. */
bool
pdf_key_eq(const gs_param_string * pcs, const char *str)
{
    return (strlen(str) == pcs->size &&
	    !strncmp(str, (const char *)pcs->data, pcs->size));
}

/* Scan an integer out of a parameter string. */
int
pdfmark_scan_int(const gs_param_string * pstr, int *pvalue)
{
#define MAX_INT_STR 20
    uint size = pstr->size;
    char str[MAX_INT_STR + 1];

    if (size > MAX_INT_STR)
	return_error(gs_error_limitcheck);
    memcpy(str, pstr->data, size);
    str[size] = 0;
    return (sscanf(str, "%d", pvalue) == 1 ? 0 :
	    gs_note_error(gs_error_rangecheck));
#undef MAX_INT_STR
}

/* ---------------- Private utilities ---------------- */

/* Find a key in a dictionary. */
private bool
pdfmark_find_key(const char *key, const gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
		 gs_param_string * pstr)
{
    uint i;

    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 2)
	if (pdf_key_eq(&pairs[i], key)) {
	    *pstr = pairs[i + 1];
	    return true;
	}
    pstr->data = 0;
    pstr->size = 0;
    return false;
}

/*
 * Get the page number for a page referenced by number or as /Next or /Prev.
 * The result may be 0 if the page number is 0 or invalid.
 */
private int
pdfmark_page_number(gx_device_pdf * pdev, const gs_param_string * pnstr)
{
    int page = pdev->next_page + 1;

    if (pnstr->data == 0);
    else if (pdf_key_eq(pnstr, "/Next"))
	++page;
    else if (pdf_key_eq(pnstr, "/Prev"))
	--page;
    else if (pdfmark_scan_int(pnstr, &page) < 0)
	page = 0;
    if (pdev->max_referred_page < page)
	pdev->max_referred_page = page;
    return page;
}

/* Construct a destination string specified by /Page and/or /View. */
/* Return 0 if none (but still fill in a default), 1 or 2 if present */
/* (1 if only one of /Page or /View, 2 if both), <0 if error. */
private int
pdfmark_make_dest(char dstr[MAX_DEST_STRING], gx_device_pdf * pdev,
		  const char *Page_key, const char *View_key,
		  const gs_param_string * pairs, uint count)
{
    gs_param_string page_string, view_string;
    int present =
	pdfmark_find_key(Page_key, pairs, count, &page_string) +
	pdfmark_find_key(View_key, pairs, count, &view_string);
    int page = pdfmark_page_number(pdev, &page_string);
    gs_param_string action;
    int len;

    if (view_string.size == 0)
	param_string_from_string(view_string, "[/XYZ null null null]");
    if (page == 0)
	strcpy(dstr, "[null ");
    else if (pdfmark_find_key("/Action", pairs, count, &action) &&
	     pdf_key_eq(&action, "/GoToR")
	)
	sprintf(dstr, "[%d ", page - 1);
    else
	sprintf(dstr, "[%ld 0 R ", pdf_page_id(pdev, page));
    len = strlen(dstr);
    if (len + view_string.size > MAX_DEST_STRING)
	return_error(gs_error_limitcheck);
    if (view_string.data[0] != '[' ||
	view_string.data[view_string.size - 1] != ']'
	)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    memcpy(dstr + len, view_string.data + 1, view_string.size - 1);
    dstr[len + view_string.size - 1] = 0;
    return present;
}

/*
 * If a named destination is specified by a string, convert it to a name,
 * update *dstr, and return 1; otherwise return 0.
 */
private int
pdfmark_coerce_dest(gs_param_string *dstr, char dest[MAX_DEST_STRING])
{
    const byte *data = dstr->data;
    uint size = dstr->size;

    if (size == 0 || data[0] != '(')
	return 0;
    /****** HANDLE ESCAPES ******/
    memcpy(dest, data, size - 1);
    dest[0] = '/';
    dest[size - 1] = 0;
    dstr->data = (byte *)dest;
    dstr->size = size - 1;
    return 1;
}

/* Put pairs in a dictionary. */
private int
pdfmark_put_c_pair(cos_dict_t *pcd, const char *key,
		   const gs_param_string * pvalue)
{
    return cos_dict_put_c_key_string(pcd, key, pvalue->data, pvalue->size);
}
private int
pdfmark_put_pair(cos_dict_t *pcd, const gs_param_string * pair)
{
    return cos_dict_put_string(pcd, pair->data, pair->size,
			       pair[1].data, pair[1].size);
}

/* Scan a Rect value. */
private int
pdfmark_scan_rect(gs_rect * prect, const gs_param_string * str,
		  const gs_matrix * pctm)
{
    uint size = str->size;
    double v[4];
#define MAX_RECT_STRING 100
    char chars[MAX_RECT_STRING + 3];
    int end_check;

    if (str->size > MAX_RECT_STRING)
	return_error(gs_error_limitcheck);
    memcpy(chars, str->data, size);
    strcpy(chars + size, " 0");
    if (sscanf(chars, "[%lg %lg %lg %lg]%d",
	       &v[0], &v[1], &v[2], &v[3], &end_check) != 5
	)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    gs_point_transform(v[0], v[1], pctm, &prect->p);
    gs_point_transform(v[2], v[3], pctm, &prect->q);
    return 0;
}

/* Make a Rect value. */
private void
pdfmark_make_rect(char str[MAX_RECT_STRING], const gs_rect * prect)
{
    /*
     * We have to use a stream and pprintf, rather than sprintf,
     * because printf formats can't express the PDF restrictions on
     * the form of the output.
     */
    stream s;

    s_init(&s, NULL);
    swrite_string(&s, (byte *)str, MAX_RECT_STRING - 1);
    pprintg4(&s, "[%g %g %g %g]",
	     prect->p.x, prect->p.y, prect->q.x, prect->q.y);
    str[stell(&s)] = 0;
}

/* Write a transformed Border value on a stream. */
private int
pdfmark_write_border(stream *s, const gs_param_string *str,
		     const gs_matrix *pctm)
{
    /*
     * We don't preserve the entire CTM in the output, and it isn't clear
     * what CTM is applicable to annotations anyway: we only attempt to
     * handle well-behaved CTMs here.
     */
    uint size = str->size;
#define MAX_BORDER_STRING 100
    char chars[MAX_BORDER_STRING + 1];
    double bx, by, c;
    gs_point bpt, cpt;
    const char *next;

    if (str->size > MAX_BORDER_STRING)
	return_error(gs_error_limitcheck);
    memcpy(chars, str->data, size);
    chars[size] = 0;
    if (sscanf(chars, "[%lg %lg %lg", &bx, &by, &c) != 3)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    gs_distance_transform(bx, by, pctm, &bpt);
    gs_distance_transform(0.0, c, pctm, &cpt);
    pprintg3(s, "[%g %g %g", fabs(bpt.x), fabs(bpt.y), fabs(cpt.x + cpt.y));
    /*
     * We don't attempt to do 100% reliable syntax checking here --
     * it's just not worth the trouble.
     */
    next = strchr(chars + 1, ']');
    if (next == 0)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if (next[1] != 0) {
	/* Handle a dash array.  This is tiresome. */
	double v;

	stream_putc(s, '[');
	while (next != 0 && sscanf(++next, "%lg", &v) == 1) {
	    gs_point vpt;

	    gs_distance_transform(0.0, v, pctm, &vpt);
	    pprintg1(s, "%g ", fabs(vpt.x + vpt.y));
	    next = strchr(next, ' ');
	}
	stream_putc(s, ']');
    }
    stream_putc(s, ']');
    return 0;
}

/* Put an element in a stream's dictionary. */
private int
cos_stream_put_c_strings(cos_stream_t *pcs, const char *key, const char *value)
{
    return cos_dict_put_c_strings(cos_stream_dict(pcs), key, value);
}

/* Setup pdfmak stream compression. */
private int
setup_pdfmark_stream_compression(gx_device_psdf *pdev0,
			cos_stream_t *pco)
{
    /* This function is for pdfwrite only. */
    gx_device_pdf *pdev = (gx_device_pdf *)pdev0;
    gs_memory_t *mem = pdev->pdf_memory;
    static const pdf_filter_names_t fnames = {
	PDF_FILTER_NAMES
    };
    const stream_template *template =
	(pdev->params.UseFlateCompression &&
	 pdev->version >= psdf_version_ll3 ?
	 &s_zlibE_template : &s_LZWE_template);
    stream_state *st;

    pco->input_strm = cos_write_stream_alloc(pco, pdev,
				  "setup_pdfmark_stream_compression");
    if (pco->input_strm == 0)
	return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
    if (!pdev->binary_ok) {
	stream_state *ss = s_alloc_state(mem, s_A85E_template.stype,
			  "setup_pdfmark_stream_compression");
	if (ss == 0)
	    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	if (s_add_filter(&pco->input_strm, &s_A85E_template, ss, mem) == 0) {
	    gs_free_object(mem, ss, "setup_image_compression");
	    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	}
    }
    st = s_alloc_state(mem, template->stype,
			    "setup_pdfmark_stream_compression");
    if (st == 0)
	return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
    if (template->set_defaults)
	(*template->set_defaults) (st);
    if (s_add_filter(&pco->input_strm, template, st, mem) == 0) {
        gs_free_object(mem, st, "setup_image_compression");
        return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
    }
    return pdf_put_filters(cos_stream_dict(pco), pdev, pco->input_strm, &fnames);
}

/* ---------------- Miscellaneous pdfmarks ---------------- */

/*
 * Create the dictionary for an annotation or outline.  For some
 * unfathomable reason, PDF requires the following key substitutions
 * relative to pdfmarks:
 *   In annotation and link dictionaries:
 *     /Action => /A, /Color => /C, /Title => /T
 *   In outline directionaries:
 *     /Action => /A, but *not* /Color or /Title
 *   In Action subdictionaries:
 *     /Dest => /D, /File => /F, /Subtype => /S
 * and also the following substitutions:
 *     /Action /Launch /File xxx =>
 *       /A << /S /Launch /F xxx >>
 *     /Action /GoToR /File xxx /Dest yyy =>
 *       /A << /S /GoToR /F xxx /D yyy' >>
 *     /Action /Article /Dest yyy =>
 *       /A << /S /Thread /D yyy' >>
 *     /Action /GoTo => drop the Action key
 * Also, \n in Contents strings must be replaced with \r.
 * Also, an outline dictionary with no action, Dest, Page, or View has an
 * implied GoTo action with Dest = [{ThisPage} /XYZ null null null].
 * Note that for Thread actions, the Dest is not a real destination,
 * and must not be processed as one.
 *
 * We always treat /A and /F as equivalent to /Action and /File
 * respectively.  The pdfmark and PDF documentation is so confused on the
 * issue of when the long and short names should be used that we only give
 * this a 50-50 chance of being right.
 *
 * Note that we must transform Rect and Border coordinates.
 */

typedef struct ao_params_s {
    gx_device_pdf *pdev;	/* for pdfmark_make_dest */
    const char *subtype;	/* default Subtype in top-level dictionary */
    long src_pg;		/* set to SrcPg - 1 if any */
} ao_params_t;
private int
pdfmark_put_ao_pairs(gx_device_pdf * pdev, cos_dict_t *pcd,
		     const gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
		     const gs_matrix * pctm, ao_params_t * params,
		     bool for_outline)
{
    const gs_param_string *Action = 0;
    const gs_param_string *File = 0;
    gs_param_string Dest;
    gs_param_string Subtype;
    uint i;
    int code;
    char dest[MAX_DEST_STRING];
    bool coerce_dest = false;

    Dest.data = 0;
    if (params->subtype)
	param_string_from_string(Subtype, params->subtype);
    else
	Subtype.data = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 2) {
	const gs_param_string *pair = &pairs[i];
	long src_pg;

	if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/SrcPg") &&
	    sscanf((const char *)pair[1].data, "%ld", &src_pg) == 1
	    )
	    params->src_pg = src_pg - 1;
	else if (!for_outline && pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Color"))
	    pdfmark_put_c_pair(pcd, "/C", pair + 1);
	else if (!for_outline && pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Title"))
	    pdfmark_put_c_pair(pcd, "/T", pair + 1);
	else if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Action") || pdf_key_eq(pair, "/A"))
	    Action = pair;
	else if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/File") || pdf_key_eq(pair, "/F"))
	    File = pair;
	else if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Dest")) {
	    Dest = pair[1];
	    coerce_dest = true;
	}
	else if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Page") || pdf_key_eq(pair, "/View")) {
	    /* Make a destination even if this is for an outline. */
	    if (Dest.data == 0) {
		code = pdfmark_make_dest(dest, params->pdev, "/Page", "/View",
					 pairs, count);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
		param_string_from_string(Dest, dest);
		if (for_outline)
		    coerce_dest = false;
	    }
	} else if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Subtype"))
	    Subtype = pair[1];
	/*
	 * We also have to replace all occurrences of \n in Contents
	 * strings with \r.  Unfortunately, they probably have already
	 * been converted to \012....
	 */
	else if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Contents")) {
	    byte *cstr;
	    uint csize = pair[1].size;
	    cos_value_t *pcv;
	    uint i, j;

	    /*
	     * Copy the string into value storage, then update it in place.
	     */
	    pdfmark_put_pair(pcd, pair);
	    /* Break const so we can update the (copied) string. */
	    pcv = (cos_value_t *)cos_dict_find_c_key(pcd, "/Contents");
	    cstr = pcv->contents.chars.data;
	    /* Loop invariant: j <= i < csize. */
	    for (i = j = 0; i < csize;)
		if (csize - i >= 2 && !memcmp(cstr + i, "\\n", 2) &&
		    (i == 0 || cstr[i - 1] != '\\')
		    ) {
		    cstr[j] = '\\', cstr[j + 1] = 'r';
		    i += 2, j += 2;
		} else if (csize - i >= 4 && !memcmp(cstr + i, "\\012", 4) &&
			   (i == 0 || cstr[i - 1] != '\\')
		    ) {
		    cstr[j] = '\\', cstr[j + 1] = 'r';
		    i += 4, j += 2;
		} else
		    cstr[j++] = cstr[i++];
	    if (j != i)
		pcv->contents.chars.data =
		    gs_resize_string(pdev->pdf_memory, cstr, csize, j,
				     "pdfmark_put_ao_pairs");
	} else if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Rect")) {
	    gs_rect rect;
	    char rstr[MAX_RECT_STRING];
	    int code = pdfmark_scan_rect(&rect, pair + 1, pctm);

	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    pdfmark_make_rect(rstr, &rect);
	    cos_dict_put_c_key_string(pcd, "/Rect", (byte *)rstr,
				      strlen(rstr));
	} else if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Border")) {
	    stream s;
	    char bstr[MAX_BORDER_STRING + 1];
	    int code;

	    s_init(&s, NULL);
	    swrite_string(&s, (byte *)bstr, MAX_BORDER_STRING + 1);
	    code = pdfmark_write_border(&s, pair + 1, pctm);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    if (stell(&s) > MAX_BORDER_STRING)
		return_error(gs_error_limitcheck);
	    bstr[stell(&s)] = 0;
	    cos_dict_put_c_key_string(pcd, "/Border", (byte *)bstr,
				      strlen(bstr));
	} else if (for_outline && pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Count"))
	    DO_NOTHING;
	else
	    pdfmark_put_pair(pcd, pair);
    }
    if (!for_outline && pdf_key_eq(&Subtype, "/Link")) {
	if (Action) {
	    /* Don't delete the Dest for GoTo or file-GoToR. */
	    if (pdf_key_eq(Action + 1, "/GoTo") ||
		(File && pdf_key_eq(Action + 1, "/GoToR"))
		)
		DO_NOTHING;
	    else
		Dest.data = 0;
	}
    }

    /* Now handle the deferred keys. */
    if (Action) {
	const byte *astr = Action[1].data;
	const uint asize = Action[1].size;

	if ((File != 0 || Dest.data != 0) &&
	    (pdf_key_eq(Action + 1, "/Launch") ||
	     (pdf_key_eq(Action + 1, "/GoToR") && File) ||
	     pdf_key_eq(Action + 1, "/Article"))
	    ) {
	    cos_dict_t *adict = cos_dict_alloc(pdev, "action dict");
	    cos_value_t avalue;

	    if (adict == 0)
		return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	    if (!for_outline) {
		/* We aren't sure whether this is really needed.... */
		cos_dict_put_c_strings(adict, "/Type", "/Action");
	    }
	    if (pdf_key_eq(Action + 1, "/Article")) {
		cos_dict_put_c_strings(adict, "/S", "/Thread");
		coerce_dest = false; /* Dest is not a real destination */
	    }
	    else
		pdfmark_put_c_pair(adict, "/S", Action + 1);
	    if (Dest.data) {
		if (coerce_dest)
		    pdfmark_coerce_dest(&Dest, dest);
		pdfmark_put_c_pair(adict, "/D", &Dest);
		Dest.data = 0;	/* so we don't write it again */
	    }
	    if (File) {
		pdfmark_put_c_pair(adict, "/F", File + 1);
		File = 0;	/* so we don't write it again */
	    }
	    cos_dict_put(pcd, (const byte *)"/A", 2,
			 COS_OBJECT_VALUE(&avalue, adict));
	} else if (asize >= 4 && !memcmp(astr, "<<", 2)) {
	    /* Replace occurrences of /Dest, /File, and /Subtype. */
	    const byte *scan = astr + 2;
	    const byte *end = astr + asize;
	    gs_param_string key, value;
	    cos_dict_t *adict = cos_dict_alloc(pdev, "action dict");
	    cos_value_t avalue;
	    int code;

	    if (adict == 0)
		return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	    while ((code = pdf_scan_token(&scan, end, &key.data)) > 0) {
		key.size = scan - key.data;
		if (key.data[0] != '/' ||
		    (code = pdf_scan_token_composite(&scan, end, &value.data)) != 1)
		    break;
		value.size = scan - value.data;
		if (pdf_key_eq(&key, "/Dest") || pdf_key_eq(&key, "/D")) {
		    param_string_from_string(key, "/D");
		    if (value.data[0] == '(') {
			/****** HANDLE ESCAPES ******/
			pdfmark_coerce_dest(&value, dest);
		    }
		} else if (pdf_key_eq(&key, "/File"))
		    param_string_from_string(key, "/F");
		else if (pdf_key_eq(&key, "/Subtype"))
		    param_string_from_string(key, "/S");
		cos_dict_put_string(adict, key.data, key.size,
				    value.data, value.size);
	    }
	    if (code <= 0 || !pdf_key_eq(&key, ">>"))
		return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
	    cos_dict_put(pcd, (const byte *)"/A", 2,
			 COS_OBJECT_VALUE(&avalue, adict));
	} else if (pdf_key_eq(Action + 1, "/GoTo"))
	    pdfmark_put_pair(pcd, Action);
	else if (Action[1].size < 30) {
	    /* Hack: we could substitute names in pdfmark_process,
	       now should recognize whether it was done.
	       Not a perfect method though.
	       Go with it for a while. */
	    char buf[30];
	    int d0, d1;

	    memcpy(buf, Action[1].data, Action[1].size);
	    buf[Action[1].size] = 0;
	    if (sscanf(buf, "%d %d R", &d0, &d1) == 2)
		pdfmark_put_pair(pcd, Action);
	}
    }
    /*
     * If we have /Dest or /File without the right kind of action,
     * simply write it at the top level.  This doesn't seem right,
     * but I'm not sure what else to do.
     */
    if (Dest.data) {
	if (coerce_dest)
	    pdfmark_coerce_dest(&Dest, dest);
	pdfmark_put_c_pair(pcd, "/Dest", &Dest);
    } else if (for_outline && !Action) {
	/* Make an implicit destination. */
	char dstr[1 + (sizeof(long) * 8 / 3 + 1) + 25 + 1];
	long page_id = pdf_page_id(pdev, pdev->next_page + 1);

	sprintf(dstr, "[%ld 0 R /XYZ null null null]", page_id);
	cos_dict_put_c_key_string(pcd, "/Dest", (const unsigned char*) dstr,
				  strlen(dstr));
    }
    if (File)
	pdfmark_put_pair(pcd, File);
    if (Subtype.data)
	pdfmark_put_c_pair(pcd, "/Subtype", &Subtype);
    return 0;
}

/* Copy an annotation dictionary. */
private int
pdfmark_annot(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	      const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string *objname,
	      const char *subtype)
{
    ao_params_t params;
    cos_dict_t *pcd;
    int page_index = pdev->next_page;
    cos_array_t *annots;
    cos_value_t value;
    int code;

    params.pdev = pdev;
    params.subtype = subtype;
    params.src_pg = -1;
    code = pdf_make_named_dict(pdev, objname, &pcd, true);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    code = cos_dict_put_c_strings(pcd, "/Type", "/Annot");
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    code = pdfmark_put_ao_pairs(pdev, pcd, pairs, count, pctm, &params, false);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    if (params.src_pg >= 0)
	page_index = params.src_pg;
    if (pdf_page_id(pdev, page_index + 1) <= 0)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    annots = pdev->pages[page_index].Annots;
    if (annots == 0) {
	annots = cos_array_alloc(pdev, "pdfmark_annot");
	if (annots == 0)
	    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	pdev->pages[page_index].Annots = annots;
    }
    if (!objname) {
	/* Write the annotation now. */
	COS_WRITE_OBJECT(pcd, pdev);
	COS_RELEASE(pcd, "pdfmark_annot");
    }
    return cos_array_add(annots,
			 cos_object_value(&value, COS_OBJECT(pcd)));
}

/* ANN pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_ANN(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	    const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * objname)
{
    return pdfmark_annot(pdev, pairs, count, pctm, objname, "/Text");
}

/* LNK pdfmark (obsolescent) */
private int
pdfmark_LNK(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	    const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * objname)
{
    return pdfmark_annot(pdev, pairs, count, pctm, objname, "/Link");
}

/* Write and release one node of the outline tree. */
private int
pdfmark_write_outline(gx_device_pdf * pdev, pdf_outline_node_t * pnode,
		      long next_id)
{
    stream *s;

    pdf_open_separate(pdev, pnode->id);
    pnode->action->id = pnode->id;
    s = pdev->strm;
    stream_puts(s, "<< ");
    cos_dict_elements_write(pnode->action, pdev);
    if (pnode->count)
	pprintd1(s, "/Count %d ", pnode->count);
    pprintld1(s, "/Parent %ld 0 R\n", pnode->parent_id);
    if (pnode->prev_id)
	pprintld1(s, "/Prev %ld 0 R\n", pnode->prev_id);
    if (next_id)
	pprintld1(s, "/Next %ld 0 R\n", next_id);
    if (pnode->first_id)
	pprintld2(s, "/First %ld 0 R /Last %ld 0 R\n",
		  pnode->first_id, pnode->last_id);
    stream_puts(s, ">>\n");
    pdf_end_separate(pdev);
    COS_FREE(pnode->action, "pdfmark_write_outline");
    pnode->action = 0;
    return 0;
}

/* Adjust the parent's count when writing an outline node. */
private void
pdfmark_adjust_parent_count(pdf_outline_level_t * plevel)
{
    pdf_outline_level_t *parent = plevel - 1;
    int count = plevel->last.count;

    if (count > 0) {
	if (parent->last.count < 0)
	    parent->last.count -= count;
	else
	    parent->last.count += count;
    }
}

/*
 * Close the current level of the outline tree.  Note that if we are at
 * the end of the document, some of the levels may be incomplete if the
 * Count values were incorrect.
 */
int
pdfmark_close_outline(gx_device_pdf * pdev)
{
    int depth = pdev->outline_depth;
    pdf_outline_level_t *plevel = &pdev->outline_levels[depth];
    int code;

    if (plevel->last.id) {	/* check for incomplete tree */
	code = pdfmark_write_outline(pdev, &plevel->last, 0);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
    }
    if (depth > 0) {
	plevel[-1].last.last_id = plevel->last.id;
	pdfmark_adjust_parent_count(plevel);
	--plevel;
	if (plevel->last.count < 0)
	    pdev->closed_outline_depth--;
	pdev->outline_depth--;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* OUT pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_OUT(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	    const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    int depth = pdev->outline_depth;
    pdf_outline_level_t *plevel = &pdev->outline_levels[depth];
    int sub_count = 0;
    uint i;
    pdf_outline_node_t node;
    ao_params_t ao;
    int code;

    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 2) {
	const gs_param_string *pair = &pairs[i];

	if (pdf_key_eq(pair, "/Count"))
	    pdfmark_scan_int(pair + 1, &sub_count);
    }
    if (sub_count != 0 && depth == MAX_OUTLINE_DEPTH - 1)
	return_error(gs_error_limitcheck);
    node.action = cos_dict_alloc(pdev, "pdfmark_OUT");
    if (node.action == 0)
	return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
    ao.pdev = pdev;
    ao.subtype = 0;
    ao.src_pg = -1;
    code = pdfmark_put_ao_pairs(pdev, node.action, pairs, count, pctm, &ao,
				true);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    if (pdev->outlines_id == 0)
	pdev->outlines_id = pdf_obj_ref(pdev);
    node.id = pdf_obj_ref(pdev);
    node.parent_id =
	(depth == 0 ? pdev->outlines_id : plevel[-1].last.id);
    node.prev_id = plevel->last.id;
    node.first_id = node.last_id = 0;
    node.count = sub_count;
    /* Add this node to the outline at the current level. */
    if (plevel->first.id == 0) {	/* First node at this level. */
	if (depth > 0)
	    plevel[-1].last.first_id = node.id;
	node.prev_id = 0;
	plevel->first = node;
	plevel->first.action = 0; /* never used */
    } else {			/* Write the previous node. */
	if (depth > 0)
	    pdfmark_adjust_parent_count(plevel);
	pdfmark_write_outline(pdev, &plevel->last, node.id);
    }
    plevel->last = node;
    plevel->left--;
    if (!pdev->closed_outline_depth)
	pdev->outlines_open++;
    /* If this node has sub-nodes, descend one level. */
    if (sub_count != 0) {
	pdev->outline_depth++;
	++plevel;
	plevel->left = (sub_count > 0 ? sub_count : -sub_count);
	plevel->first.id = 0;
	plevel->first.action = plevel->last.action = 0;	/* for GC */
	if (sub_count < 0)
	    pdev->closed_outline_depth++;
    } else {
	while ((depth = pdev->outline_depth) > 0 &&
	       pdev->outline_levels[depth].left == 0
	    )
	    pdfmark_close_outline(pdev);
    }
    return 0;
}

/* Write an article bead. */
private int
pdfmark_write_bead(gx_device_pdf * pdev, const pdf_bead_t * pbead)
{
    stream *s;
    char rstr[MAX_RECT_STRING];

    pdf_open_separate(pdev, pbead->id);
    s = pdev->strm;
    pprintld3(s, "<</T %ld 0 R/V %ld 0 R/N %ld 0 R",
	      pbead->article_id, pbead->prev_id, pbead->next_id);
    if (pbead->page_id != 0)
	pprintld1(s, "/P %ld 0 R", pbead->page_id);
    pdfmark_make_rect(rstr, &pbead->rect);
    pprints1(s, "/R%s>>\n", rstr);
    return pdf_end_separate(pdev);
}

/* Finish writing an article, and release its data. */
int
pdfmark_write_article(gx_device_pdf * pdev, const pdf_article_t * part)
{
    pdf_article_t art;
    stream *s;

    art = *part;
    if (art.last.id == 0) {
	/* Only one bead in the article. */
	art.first.prev_id = art.first.next_id = art.first.id;
    } else {
	/* More than one bead in the article. */
	art.first.prev_id = art.last.id;
	art.last.next_id = art.first.id;
	pdfmark_write_bead(pdev, &art.last);
    }
    pdfmark_write_bead(pdev, &art.first);
    pdf_open_separate(pdev, art.contents->id);
    s = pdev->strm;
    pprintld1(s, "<</F %ld 0 R/I<<", art.first.id);
    cos_dict_elements_write(art.contents, pdev);
    stream_puts(s, ">> >>\n");
    return pdf_end_separate(pdev);
}

/* ARTICLE pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_ARTICLE(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
		const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    gs_memory_t *mem = pdev->pdf_memory;
    gs_param_string title;
    gs_param_string rectstr;
    gs_rect rect;
    long bead_id;
    pdf_article_t *part;
    int code;

    if (!pdfmark_find_key("/Title", pairs, count, &title) ||
	!pdfmark_find_key("/Rect", pairs, count, &rectstr)
	)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((code = pdfmark_scan_rect(&rect, &rectstr, pctm)) < 0)
	return code;
    bead_id = pdf_obj_ref(pdev);

    /* Find the article with this title, or create one. */
    for (part = pdev->articles; part != 0; part = part->next) {
	const cos_value_t *a_title =
	    cos_dict_find_c_key(part->contents, "/Title");

	if (a_title != 0 && !COS_VALUE_IS_OBJECT(a_title) &&
	    !bytes_compare(a_title->contents.chars.data,
			   a_title->contents.chars.size,
			   title.data, title.size))
	    break;
    }
    if (part == 0) {		/* Create the article. */
	cos_dict_t *contents =
	    cos_dict_alloc(pdev, "pdfmark_ARTICLE(contents)");

	if (contents == 0)
	    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	part = gs_alloc_struct(mem, pdf_article_t, &st_pdf_article,
			       "pdfmark_ARTICLE(article)");
	if (part == 0 || contents == 0) {
	    gs_free_object(mem, part, "pdfmark_ARTICLE(article)");
	    if (contents)
		COS_FREE(contents, "pdfmark_ARTICLE(contents)");
	    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	}
	contents->id = pdf_obj_ref(pdev);
	part->next = pdev->articles;
	pdev->articles = part;
	cos_dict_put_string(contents, (const byte *)"/Title", 6,
			    title.data, title.size);
	part->first.id = part->last.id = 0;
	part->contents = contents;
    }
    /*
     * Add the bead to the article.  This is similar to what we do for
     * outline nodes, except that articles have only a page number and
     * not View/Dest.
     */
    if (part->last.id == 0) {
	part->first.next_id = bead_id;
	part->last.id = part->first.id;
    } else {
	part->last.next_id = bead_id;
	pdfmark_write_bead(pdev, &part->last);
    }
    part->last.prev_id = part->last.id;
    part->last.id = bead_id;
    part->last.article_id = part->contents->id;
    part->last.next_id = 0;
    part->last.rect = rect;
    {
	gs_param_string page_string;
	int page = 0;
	uint i;

	pdfmark_find_key("/Page", pairs, count, &page_string);
	page = pdfmark_page_number(pdev, &page_string);
	part->last.page_id = pdf_page_id(pdev, page);
	for (i = 0; i < count; i += 2) {
	    if (pdf_key_eq(&pairs[i], "/Rect") || pdf_key_eq(&pairs[i], "/Page"))
		continue;
	    pdfmark_put_pair(part->contents, &pairs[i]);
	}
    }
    if (part->first.id == 0) {	/* This is the first bead of the article. */
	part->first = part->last;
	part->last.id = 0;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* DEST pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_DEST(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	     const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * objname)
{
    int present;
    char dest[MAX_DEST_STRING];
    gs_param_string key;
    cos_value_t value;

    if (!pdfmark_find_key("/Dest", pairs, count, &key) ||
	(present =
	 pdfmark_make_dest(dest, pdev, "/Page", "/View", pairs, count)) < 0
	)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    cos_string_value(&value, (byte *)dest, strlen(dest));
    if (!pdev->Dests) {
	pdev->Dests = cos_dict_alloc(pdev, "pdfmark_DEST(Dests)");
	if (pdev->Dests == 0)
	    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	pdev->Dests->id = pdf_obj_ref(pdev);
    }
    if (objname || count > (present + 1) * 2) {
	/*
	 * Create the destination as a dictionary with a D key, since
	 * it has (or, if named, may have) additional key/value pairs.
	 */
	cos_dict_t *ddict;
	int i, code;

	code = pdf_make_named_dict(pdev, objname, &ddict, false);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	code = cos_dict_put_c_key_string(ddict, "/D", (byte *)dest,
					 strlen(dest));
	for (i = 0; code >= 0 && i < count; i += 2)
	    if (!pdf_key_eq(&pairs[i], "/Dest") &&
		!pdf_key_eq(&pairs[i], "/Page") &&
		!pdf_key_eq(&pairs[i], "/View")
		)
		code = pdfmark_put_pair(ddict, &pairs[i]);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	COS_OBJECT_VALUE(&value, ddict);
    }
    return cos_dict_put(pdev->Dests, key.data, key.size, &value);
}

/* Check that pass-through PostScript code is a string. */
private bool
ps_source_ok(const gs_param_string * psource)
{
    if (psource->size >= 2 && psource->data[0] == '(' &&
	psource->data[psource->size - 1] == ')'
	)
	return true;
    else {
	int i;
	lprintf("bad PS passthrough: ");
	for (i=0; i<psource->size; i++)
	    errprintf("%c", psource->data[i]);
	errprintf("\n");
	return false;
    }
}

/* Write the contents of pass-through PostScript code. */
/* Return the size written on the file. */
private uint
pdfmark_write_ps(stream *s, const gs_param_string * psource)
{
    /****** REMOVE ESCAPES WITH PSSDecode, SEE gdevpdfr p. 2 ******/
    uint size = psource->size - 2;

    stream_write(s, psource->data + 1, size);
    stream_putc(s, '\n');
    return size + 1;
}

/* Start a XObject. */
private int
start_XObject(gx_device_pdf * pdev, bool compress, cos_stream_t **ppcs)
{   pdf_resource_t *pres;
    cos_stream_t *pcs;
    int code;

    code = pdf_open_page(pdev, PDF_IN_STREAM);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    code = pdf_enter_substream(pdev, resourceXObject, gs_no_id, &pres, false,
		pdev->CompressFonts /* Have no better switch*/);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    pdev->accumulating_a_global_object = true;
    pcs = (cos_stream_t *)pres->object;
    pdev->substream_Resources = cos_dict_alloc(pdev, "start_XObject");
    if (!pdev->substream_Resources)
	return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
    if (pdev->ForOPDFRead) {
	code = cos_dict_put_c_key_bool((cos_dict_t *)pres->object, "/.Global", true);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
    }
    pres->named = true;
    pres->where_used = 0;	/* initially not used */
    pcs->pres = pres;
    *ppcs = pcs;
    return 0;
}

/* PS pdfmark */
#define MAX_PS_INLINE 100
private int
pdfmark_PS(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	   const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * objname)
{
    gs_param_string source;
    gs_param_string level1;

    if (!pdfmark_find_key("/DataSource", pairs, count, &source) ||
	!ps_source_ok(&source) ||
	(pdfmark_find_key("/Level1", pairs, count, &level1) &&
	 !ps_source_ok(&level1))
	)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if (level1.data == 0 && source.size <= MAX_PS_INLINE && objname == 0) {
	/* Insert the PostScript code in-line */
	int code = pdf_open_contents(pdev, PDF_IN_STREAM);
	stream *s;

	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	s = pdev->strm;
	stream_write(s, source.data, source.size);
	stream_puts(s, " PS\n");
    } else {
	/* Put the PostScript code in a resource. */
	cos_stream_t *pcs;
	int code;
	gs_id level1_id = gs_no_id;
	pdf_resource_t *pres;
	cos_value_t value;

	if (level1.data != 0) {
	    pdf_resource_t *pres;

	    code = pdf_enter_substream(pdev,
			resourceXObject,
			gs_no_id, &pres, true,
			pdev->CompressFonts /* Have no better switch*/);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    pcs = (cos_stream_t *)pres->object;
	    if (pdev->ForOPDFRead && objname != 0) {
		code = cos_dict_put_c_key_bool((cos_dict_t *)pres->object, "/.Global", true);
		if (code < 0)
		    return code;
	    }
	    pres->named = (objname != 0);
	    pres->where_used = 0;
	    pcs->pres = pres;
	    DISCARD(pdfmark_write_ps(pdev->strm, &level1));
	    code = pdf_exit_substream(pdev);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    code = cos_write_object(pres->object, pdev);
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	    level1_id = pres->object->id;
	}
	code = start_XObject(pdev, pdev->params.CompressPages, &pcs);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	pres = pdev->accumulating_substream_resource;
	code = cos_stream_put_c_strings(pcs, "/Type", "/XObject");
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	code = cos_stream_put_c_strings(pcs, "/Subtype", "/PS");
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	if (level1_id != gs_no_id) {
	    char r[MAX_DEST_STRING];

	    sprintf(r, "%ld 0 R", level1_id);
	    code = cos_dict_put_c_key_string(cos_stream_dict(pcs), "/Level1",
					     (byte *)r, strlen(r));
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	}
	DISCARD(pdfmark_write_ps(pdev->strm, &source));
	code = pdf_exit_substream(pdev);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	code = pdf_substitute_resource(pdev, &pres, resourceXObject, NULL, false);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
	if (objname != 0) {
	    code = cos_dict_put(pdev->local_named_objects, objname->data,
				objname->size, cos_object_value(&value, (cos_object_t *)pcs));
	    if (code < 0)
		return code;
	}
	code = pdf_open_contents(pdev, PDF_IN_STREAM);
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
        pcs->pres->where_used |= pdev->used_mask;
	pprintld1(pdev->strm, "/R%ld Do\n", pcs->id);
    }
    return 0;
}

/* Common code for pdfmarks that do PUT into a specific object. */
private int
pdfmark_put_pairs(cos_dict_t *pcd, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count)
{
    int code = 0, i;

    if (count & 1)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    for (i = 0; code >= 0 && i < count; i += 2)
	code = pdfmark_put_pair(pcd, pairs + i);
    return code;
}

/* PAGES pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_PAGES(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	      const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    return pdfmark_put_pairs(pdev->Pages, pairs, count);
}

/* PAGE pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_PAGE(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	     const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    return pdfmark_put_pairs(pdf_current_page_dict(pdev), pairs, count);
}

/* Add a page label for the current page. The last label on a page
 * overrides all previous labels for this page. Unlabeled pages will get
 * empty page labels. label == NULL flushes the last label */
private int
pdfmark_add_pagelabel(gx_device_pdf * pdev, const gs_param_string *label)
{
    cos_value_t value;
    cos_dict_t *dict = 0;
    int code = 0;

    /* create label dict (and page label array if not present yet) */
    if (label != 0) {
        if (!pdev->PageLabels) {
            pdev->PageLabels = cos_array_alloc(pdev,
                    "pdfmark_add_pagelabel(PageLabels)");
            if (pdev->PageLabels == 0)
                return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
            pdev->PageLabels->id = pdf_obj_ref(pdev);

            /* empty label for unlabled pages before first labled page */
            pdev->PageLabels_current_page = 0;
            pdev->PageLabels_current_label = cos_dict_alloc(pdev,
                                           "pdfmark_add_pagelabel(first)");
            if (pdev->PageLabels_current_label == 0)
                return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
        }

        dict = cos_dict_alloc(pdev, "pdfmark_add_pagelabel(dict)");
        if (dict == 0)
            return_error(gs_error_VMerror);

        code = cos_dict_put_c_key(dict, "/P", cos_string_value(&value,
            label->data, label->size));
        if (code < 0) {
            COS_FREE(dict, "pdfmark_add_pagelabel(dict)");
            return code;
        }
    }

    /* flush current label */
    if (label == 0 || pdev->next_page != pdev->PageLabels_current_page) {
        /* handle current label */
        if (pdev->PageLabels_current_label) {
            if (code >= 0) {
                code = cos_array_add_int(pdev->PageLabels,
                        pdev->PageLabels_current_page);
                if (code >= 0)
                    code = cos_array_add(pdev->PageLabels,
                            COS_OBJECT_VALUE(&value,
                                pdev->PageLabels_current_label));
            }
            pdev->PageLabels_current_label = 0;
        }

        /* handle unlabled pages between current labeled page and
         * next labeled page */
        if (pdev->PageLabels) {
            if (pdev->next_page - pdev->PageLabels_current_page > 1) {
                cos_dict_t *tmp = cos_dict_alloc(pdev,
                        "pdfmark_add_pagelabel(tmp)");
                if (tmp == 0)
                    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);

                code = cos_array_add_int(pdev->PageLabels,
                        pdev->PageLabels_current_page + 1);
                if (code >= 0)
                    code = cos_array_add(pdev->PageLabels,
                            COS_OBJECT_VALUE(&value, tmp));
            }
        }
    }

    /* new current label */
    if (pdev->PageLabels_current_label)
        COS_FREE(pdev->PageLabels_current_label,
                "pdfmark_add_pagelabel(current_label)");
    pdev->PageLabels_current_label = dict;
    pdev->PageLabels_current_page = pdev->next_page;

    return code;
}

/* Close the pagelabel numtree.*/
int
pdfmark_end_pagelabels(gx_device_pdf * pdev)
{
    return pdfmark_add_pagelabel(pdev, 0);
}

/* [ /Label string /PlateColor string pdfmark */
/* FIXME: /PlateColor is ignored */
private int
pdfmark_PAGELABEL(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	     const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    gs_param_string key;

    if (pdev->CompatibilityLevel >= 1.3) {
        if (pdfmark_find_key("/Label", pairs, count, &key)) {
            return pdfmark_add_pagelabel(pdev, &key);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/* DOCINFO pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_DOCINFO(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
		const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    /*
     * We could use pdfmark_put_pairs(pdev->Info, pairs, count), except
     * that we want to replace "Distiller" with our own name as the
     * Producer.
     */
    cos_dict_t *const pcd = pdev->Info;
    int code = 0, i;
    gs_memory_t *mem = pdev->pdf_memory;

    if (count & 1)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    for (i = 0; code >= 0 && i < count; i += 2) {
	const gs_param_string *pair = pairs + i;
	gs_param_string alt_pair[2];
	const byte *vdata;	/* alt_pair[1].data */
	uint vsize;		/* alt_pair[1].size */
	byte *str = 0;

	vsize = 0x0badf00d; /* Quiet compiler. */

	if (pdf_key_eq(pairs + i, "/Producer")) {
	    /*
	     * If the string "Distiller" appears anywhere in the Producer,
	     * replace the Producer (or the part after a " + ") with our
	     * own name.
	     */
	    string_match_params params;

	    memcpy(alt_pair, pairs + i, sizeof(alt_pair));
	    vdata = alt_pair[1].data;
	    vsize = alt_pair[1].size;
	    params = string_match_params_default;
	    params.ignore_case = true;
	    if (string_match(vdata, vsize, (const byte *)"*Distiller*",
			     11, &params) ||
		string_match(vdata, vsize,
	     (const byte *)"*\000D\000i\000s\000t\000i\000l\000l\000e\000r*",
			     20, &params)
		) {
		uint j;
		char buf[PDF_MAX_PRODUCER];
		int len;

		for (j = vsize; j > 0 && vdata[--j] != '+'; )
		    DO_NOTHING;
		if (vsize - j > 2 && vdata[j] == '+') {
		    ++j;
		    while (j < vsize && vdata[j] == ' ')
			++j;
		}
		/*
		 * Replace vdata[j .. vsize) with our name.  Note that both
		 * vdata/vstr and the default producer string are enclosed
		 * in ().
		 */
		pdf_store_default_Producer(buf);
		len = strlen(buf) - 1;
		str = gs_alloc_string(mem, j + len, "Producer");
		if (str == 0)
		    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
		memcpy(str, vdata, j);
		memcpy(str + j, buf + 1, len);
		alt_pair[1].data = vdata = str;
		alt_pair[1].size = vsize = j + len;
		pair = alt_pair;
	    }
	}
	code = pdfmark_put_pair(pcd, pair);
	if (str)
	    gs_free_string(mem, str, vsize, "Producer");
    }
    return code;
}

/* DOCVIEW pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_DOCVIEW(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
		const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    char dest[MAX_DEST_STRING];
    int code = 0;

    if (count & 1)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if (pdfmark_make_dest(dest, pdev, "/Page", "/View", pairs, count)) {
	int i;

	code = cos_dict_put_c_key_string(pdev->Catalog, "/OpenAction",
					 (byte *)dest, strlen(dest));
	for (i = 0; code >= 0 && i < count; i += 2)
	    if (!(pdf_key_eq(&pairs[i], "/Page") ||
		  pdf_key_eq(&pairs[i], "/View"))
		)
		code = pdfmark_put_pair(pdev->Catalog, pairs + i);
	return code;
    } else
	return pdfmark_put_pairs(pdev->Catalog, pairs, count);
}

/* ---------------- Named object pdfmarks ---------------- */

/* [ /BBox [llx lly urx ury] /_objdef {obj} /BP pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_BP(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	   const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * objname)
{
    gs_rect bbox;
    cos_stream_t *pcs;
    int code;
    gs_matrix ictm;
    byte bbox_str[6 + 6 * 15], matrix_str[6 + 6 * 15];
    int bbox_str_len, matrix_str_len;
    stream s;

    if (objname == 0 || count != 2 || !pdf_key_eq(&pairs[0], "/BBox"))
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    code = gs_matrix_invert(pctm, &ictm);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    if (sscanf((const char *)pairs[1].data, "[%lg %lg %lg %lg]",
	       &bbox.p.x, &bbox.p.y, &bbox.q.x, &bbox.q.y) != 4)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((pdev->used_mask << 1) == 0)
	return_error(gs_error_limitcheck);
    code = start_XObject(pdev, pdev->params.CompressPages, &pcs);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    {	byte *s = gs_alloc_string(pdev->memory, objname->size, "pdfmark_PS");

	if (s == NULL)
	    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	memcpy(s, objname->data, objname->size);
	pdev->objname.data = s;
	pdev->objname.size = objname->size;
    }
    pcs->is_graphics = true;
    gs_bbox_transform(&bbox, pctm, &bbox);
    s_init(&s, NULL);
    swrite_string(&s, bbox_str, sizeof(bbox_str));
    pprintg4(&s, "[%g %g %g %g]",
	    bbox.p.x, bbox.p.y, bbox.q.x, bbox.q.y);
    bbox_str_len = stell(&s);
    swrite_string(&s, matrix_str, sizeof(bbox_str));
    pprintg6(&s, "[%g %g %g %g %g %g]",
	    ictm.xx, ictm.xy, ictm.yx, ictm.yy, ictm.tx, ictm.ty);
    matrix_str_len = stell(&s);
    if ((code = cos_stream_put_c_strings(pcs, "/Type", "/XObject")) < 0 ||
	(code = cos_stream_put_c_strings(pcs, "/Subtype", "/Form")) < 0 ||
	(code = cos_stream_put_c_strings(pcs, "/FormType", "1")) < 0 ||
	(code = cos_dict_put_c_key_string(cos_stream_dict(pcs), "/BBox",
					  bbox_str, bbox_str_len)) < 0 ||
	(code = cos_dict_put_c_key_string(cos_stream_dict(pcs), "/Matrix",
				      matrix_str, matrix_str_len)) < 0 ||
 	(code = cos_dict_put_c_key_object(cos_stream_dict(pcs), "/Resources",
 					  COS_OBJECT(pdev->substream_Resources))) < 0
	)
	return code;
    return 0;
}

/* [ /EP pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_EP(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	   const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    int code;
    cos_value_t value;
    pdf_resource_t *pres = pdev->accumulating_substream_resource;
    gs_const_string objname = pdev->objname;

    code = pdf_add_procsets(pdev->substream_Resources, pdev->procsets);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    code = pdf_exit_substream(pdev);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    code = pdf_substitute_resource(pdev, &pres, resourceXObject, NULL, true);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    if (objname.size) {
	code = cos_dict_put(pdev->local_named_objects, objname.data,
				objname.size, cos_object_value(&value, (cos_object_t *)pres->object));
	if (code < 0)
	    return code;
    }
    gs_free_const_string(pdev->memory, objname.data, objname.size, "pdfmark_EP");
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    return 0;
}

/* [ {obj} /SP pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_SP(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	   const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    cos_object_t *pco;		/* stream */
    int code;

    if (count != 1)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((code = pdf_get_named(pdev, &pairs[0], cos_type_stream, &pco)) < 0)
	return code;
    if (pco->is_open || !pco->is_graphics)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    code = pdf_open_contents(pdev, PDF_IN_STREAM);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    pdf_put_matrix(pdev, "q ", pctm, "cm");
    pprintld1(pdev->strm, "/R%ld Do Q\n", pco->id);
    pco->pres->where_used |= pdev->used_mask;
    return 0;
}

/* [ /_objdef {array} /type /array /OBJ pdfmark */
/* [ /_objdef {dict} /type /dict /OBJ pdfmark */
/* [ /_objdef {stream} /type /stream /OBJ pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_OBJ(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	    const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * objname)
{
    cos_type_t cotype;
    cos_object_t *pco;
    bool stream = false;
    int code;

    if (objname == 0 || count != 2 || !pdf_key_eq(&pairs[0], "/type"))
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if (pdf_key_eq(&pairs[1], "/array"))
	cotype = cos_type_array;
    else if (pdf_key_eq(&pairs[1], "/dict"))
	cotype = cos_type_dict;
    else if ((stream = pdf_key_eq(&pairs[1], "/stream")))
	cotype = cos_type_stream;
    else
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((code = pdf_make_named(pdev, objname, cotype, &pco, true)) < 0) {
	/*
	 * For Distiller compatibility, allows multiple /OBJ pdfmarks with
	 * the same name and type, even though the pdfmark specification
	 * doesn't say anything about this being legal.
	 */
	if (code == gs_error_rangecheck &&
	    pdf_refer_named(pdev, objname, &pco) >= 0 &&
	    cos_type(pco) == cotype
	    )
	    return 0;		/* already exists, but OK */
	return code;
    }
    if (stream)
	return setup_pdfmark_stream_compression((gx_device_psdf *)pdev,
						     (cos_stream_t *)pco);
    return 0;
}

/* [ {array} index value /PUT pdfmark */
/* Dictionaries are converted to .PUTDICT */
/* Streams are converted to .PUTSTREAM */
private int
pdfmark_PUT(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	    const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    cos_object_t *pco;
    cos_value_t value;
    int code, index;

    if (count != 3)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((code = pdf_get_named(pdev, &pairs[0], cos_type_array, &pco)) < 0)
	return code;
    if ((code = pdfmark_scan_int(&pairs[1], &index)) < 0)
	return code;
    if (index < 0)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    return cos_array_put((cos_array_t *)pco, index,
		cos_string_value(&value, pairs[2].data, pairs[2].size));
}

/* [ {dict} key value ... /.PUTDICT pdfmark */
/* [ {stream} key value ... /.PUTDICT pdfmark */
/*
 * Adobe's pdfmark documentation doesn't allow PUTDICT with a stream,
 * but it's reasonable and unambiguous, and Acrobat Distiller accepts it,
 * so we do too.
 */
private int
pdfmark_PUTDICT(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
		const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    cos_object_t *pco;
    int code;

    if ((code = pdf_refer_named(pdev, &pairs[0], &pco)) < 0)
	return code;
    if (cos_type(pco) != cos_type_dict && cos_type(pco) != cos_type_stream)
	return_error(gs_error_typecheck);
    return pdfmark_put_pairs((cos_dict_t *)pco, pairs + 1, count - 1);
}

/* [ {stream} string ... /.PUTSTREAM pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_PUTSTREAM(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
		  const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    cos_object_t *pco;
    int code, i;
    uint l;

    if (count < 2)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((code = pdf_get_named(pdev, &pairs[0], cos_type_stream, &pco)) < 0)
	return code;
    if (!pco->is_open)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    for (i = 1; i < count; ++i)
	if (sputs(pco->input_strm, pairs[i].data, pairs[i].size, &l) != 0)
	    return_error(gs_error_ioerror);
    return code;
}

/* [ {array} value /APPEND pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_APPEND(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	       const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * objname)
{
    cos_object_t *pco;
    cos_value_t value;
    int code;

    if (count != 2)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((code = pdf_get_named(pdev, &pairs[0], cos_type_array, &pco)) < 0)
	return code;
    return cos_array_add((cos_array_t *)pco,
		cos_string_value(&value, pairs[1].data, pairs[1].size));
}

/* [ {array} index value ... /.PUTINTERVAL pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_PUTINTERVAL(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
		 const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    cos_object_t *pco;
    cos_value_t value;
    int code, index, i;

    if (count < 2)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((code = pdf_get_named(pdev, &pairs[0], cos_type_array, &pco)) < 0)
	return code;
    if ((code = pdfmark_scan_int(&pairs[1], &index)) < 0)
	return code;
    if (index < 0)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    for (i = 2; code >= 0 && i < count; ++i)
	code = cos_array_put((cos_array_t *)pco, index + i - 2,
		cos_string_value(&value, pairs[i].data, pairs[i].size));
    return code;
}

/* [ {stream} /CLOSE pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_CLOSE(gx_device_pdf * pdev, gs_param_string * pairs, uint count,
	      const gs_matrix * pctm, const gs_param_string * no_objname)
{
    cos_object_t *pco;
    int code;

    if (count != 1)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    if ((code = pdf_get_named(pdev, &pairs[0], cos_type_stream, &pco)) < 0)
	return code;
    if (!pco->is_open)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    /* Currently we don't do anything special when closing a stream. */
    pco->is_open = false;
    return 0;
}

/* [ /NamespacePush pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_NamespacePush(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
		      const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    if (count != 0)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    return pdf_push_namespace(pdev);
}

/* [ /NamespacePop pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_NamespacePop(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
		     const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    if (count != 0)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    cos_dict_objects_write(pdev->local_named_objects, pdev);
    return pdf_pop_namespace(pdev);
}

/* [ /_objdef {image} /NI pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_NI(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	   const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    cos_object_t *pco;
    int code;

    if (objname == 0 || count != 0)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    code = pdf_make_named(pdev, objname, cos_type_dict, &pco, true);
    if (code < 0)
	return code;
    return cos_array_add_object(pdev->NI_stack, pco);
}

/* ---------------- Named content pdfmarks ---------------- */

/* [ tag /MP pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_MP(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	   const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ tag propdict /DP pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_DP(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	   const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ tag /BMC pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_BMC(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	    const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ tag propdict /BDC pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_BDC(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	    const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ /EMC pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_EMC(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	    const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* ---------------- Document structure pdfmarks ---------------- */

/* [ newsubtype1 stdsubtype1 ... /StRoleMap pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StRoleMap(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
		  const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ class1 {attrobj1} ... /StClassMap pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StClassMap(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
		   const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/*
 * [ [/_objdef {objname}] /Subtype name [/Title string] [/Alt string]
 *   [/ID string] [/Class name] [/At index] [/Bookmark dict] [action_pairs...]
 *   /StPNE pdfmark
 */
private int
pdfmark_StPNE(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	      const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ [/Title string] [/Open bool] [action_pairs...] /StBookmarkRoot pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StBookmarkRoot(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
		       const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ [/E {elt}] /StPush pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StPush(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	       const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ /StPop pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StPop(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	      const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ /StPopAll pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StPopAll(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
		 const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ [/T tagname] [/At index] /StBMC pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StBMC(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	      const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ [/P propdict] [/T tagname] [/At index] /StBDC pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StBDC(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	      const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ /Obj {obj} [/At index] /StOBJ pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StOBJ(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	      const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ /Obj {obj} /StAttr pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StAttr(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
	       const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ /StoreName name /StStore pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StStore(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
		const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* [ /StoreName name /StRetrieve pdfmark */
private int
pdfmark_StRetrieve(gx_device_pdf *pdev, gs_param_string *pairs, uint count,
		   const gs_matrix *pctm, const gs_param_string *objname)
{
    return 0;			/****** NOT IMPLEMENTED YET ******/
}

/* ---------------- Dispatch ---------------- */

/*
 * Define the pdfmark types we know about.
 */
private const pdfmark_name mark_names[] =
{
	/* Miscellaneous. */
    {"ANN",          pdfmark_ANN,         PDFMARK_NAMEABLE},
    {"LNK",          pdfmark_LNK,         PDFMARK_NAMEABLE},
    {"OUT",          pdfmark_OUT,         0},
    {"ARTICLE",      pdfmark_ARTICLE,     0},
    {"DEST",         pdfmark_DEST,        PDFMARK_NAMEABLE},
    {"PS",           pdfmark_PS,          PDFMARK_NAMEABLE},
    {"PAGES",        pdfmark_PAGES,       0},
    {"PAGE",         pdfmark_PAGE,        0},
    {"PAGELABEL",    pdfmark_PAGELABEL,   0},
    {"DOCINFO",      pdfmark_DOCINFO,     0},
    {"DOCVIEW",      pdfmark_DOCVIEW,     0},
	/* Named objects. */
    {"BP",           pdfmark_BP,          PDFMARK_NAMEABLE | PDFMARK_TRUECTM},
    {"EP",           pdfmark_EP,          0},
    {"SP",           pdfmark_SP,          PDFMARK_ODD_OK | PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME | PDFMARK_TRUECTM},
    {"OBJ",          pdfmark_OBJ,         PDFMARK_NAMEABLE},
    {"PUT",          pdfmark_PUT,         PDFMARK_ODD_OK | PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME},
    {".PUTDICT",     pdfmark_PUTDICT,     PDFMARK_ODD_OK | PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME},
    {".PUTINTERVAL", pdfmark_PUTINTERVAL, PDFMARK_ODD_OK | PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME},
    {".PUTSTREAM",   pdfmark_PUTSTREAM,   PDFMARK_ODD_OK | PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME |
                                          PDFMARK_NO_REFS},
    {"APPEND",       pdfmark_APPEND,      PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME},
    {"CLOSE",        pdfmark_CLOSE,       PDFMARK_ODD_OK | PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME},
    {"NamespacePush", pdfmark_NamespacePush, 0},
    {"NamespacePop", pdfmark_NamespacePop, 0},
    {"NI",           pdfmark_NI,          PDFMARK_NAMEABLE},
	/* Marked content. */
    {"MP",           pdfmark_MP,          PDFMARK_ODD_OK},
    {"DP",           pdfmark_DP,          0},
    {"BMC",          pdfmark_BMC,         PDFMARK_ODD_OK},
    {"BDC",          pdfmark_BDC,         0},
    {"EMC",          pdfmark_EMC,         0},
	/* Document structure. */
    {"StRoleMap",    pdfmark_StRoleMap,   0},
    {"StClassMap",   pdfmark_StClassMap,  0},
    {"StPNE",        pdfmark_StPNE,       PDFMARK_NAMEABLE},
    {"StBookmarkRoot", pdfmark_StBookmarkRoot, 0},
    {"StPush",       pdfmark_StPush,       0},
    {"StPop",        pdfmark_StPop,        0},
    {"StPopAll",     pdfmark_StPopAll,     0},
    {"StBMC",        pdfmark_StBMC,        0},
    {"StBDC",        pdfmark_StBDC,        0},
    /* EMC is listed under "Marked content" above. */
    {"StOBJ",        pdfmark_StOBJ,        0},
    {"StAttr",       pdfmark_StAttr,       0},
    {"StStore",      pdfmark_StStore,      0},
    {"StRetrieve",   pdfmark_StRetrieve,   0},
	/* End of list. */
    {0, 0}
};

/* Process a pdfmark. */
int
pdfmark_process(gx_device_pdf * pdev, const gs_param_string_array * pma)
{
    const gs_param_string *data = pma->data;
    uint size = pma->size;
    const gs_param_string *pts = &data[size - 1];
    const gs_param_string *objname = 0;
    gs_matrix ctm;
    const pdfmark_name *pmn;
    int code = 0;

    if (size < 2 ||
	sscanf((const char *)pts[-1].data, "[%g %g %g %g %g %g]",
	       &ctm.xx, &ctm.xy, &ctm.yx, &ctm.yy, &ctm.tx, &ctm.ty) != 6
	)
	return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
    size -= 2;			/* remove CTM & pdfmark name */
    for (pmn = mark_names; pmn->mname != 0; ++pmn)
	if (pdf_key_eq(pts, pmn->mname)) {
	    gs_memory_t *mem = pdev->pdf_memory;
	    int odd_ok = (pmn->options & PDFMARK_ODD_OK) != 0;
	    gs_param_string *pairs;
	    int j;

	    /*
	     * Our coordinate system is scaled so that user space is always
	     * default user space.  Adjust the CTM to match this, except if this
	     * particular pdfmark requires the "true" CTM.
	     */
	    if (pmn->options & PDFMARK_TRUECTM)
		DO_NOTHING;
	    else {
		double xscale = 72.0 / pdev->HWResolution[0],
		       yscale = 72.0 / pdev->HWResolution[1];
		ctm.xx *= xscale, ctm.xy *= yscale;
		ctm.yx *= xscale, ctm.yy *= yscale;
		ctm.tx *= xscale, ctm.ty *= yscale;
	    }
	    if (size & !odd_ok)
		return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
	    if (pmn->options & PDFMARK_NAMEABLE) {
		/* Look for an object name. */
		for (j = 0; j < size; j += 2) {
		    if (pdf_key_eq(&data[j], "/_objdef")) {
			objname = &data[j + 1];
			if (!pdf_objname_is_valid(objname->data,
						  objname->size)
			    )
			    return_error(gs_error_rangecheck);
			/* Save the pairs without the name. */
			size -= 2;
			pairs = (gs_param_string *)
			    gs_alloc_byte_array(mem, size,
						sizeof(gs_param_string),
						"pdfmark_process(pairs)");
			if (!pairs)
			    return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
			memcpy(pairs, data, j * sizeof(*data));
			memcpy(pairs + j, data + j + 2,
			       (size - j) * sizeof(*data));
			goto copied;
		    }
		}
	    }
	    /* Save all the pairs. */
	    pairs = (gs_param_string *)
		gs_alloc_byte_array(mem, size, sizeof(gs_param_string),
				    "pdfmark_process(pairs)");
	    if (!pairs)
		return_error(gs_error_VMerror);
	    memcpy(pairs, data, size * sizeof(*data));
	copied:		/* Substitute object references for names. */
	    if (!(pmn->options & PDFMARK_NO_REFS)) {
		for (j = (pmn->options & PDFMARK_KEEP_NAME ? 1 : 1 - odd_ok);
		     j < size; j += 2 - odd_ok
		     ) {
		    code = pdf_replace_names(pdev, &pairs[j], &pairs[j]);
		    if (code < 0) {
			gs_free_object(mem, pairs, "pdfmark_process(pairs)");
			return code;
		    }
		}
	    }
	    code = (*pmn->proc) (pdev, pairs, size, &ctm, objname);
	    gs_free_object(mem, pairs, "pdfmark_process(pairs)");
	    break;
	}
    return code;
}