xref: /netbsd-src/external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/dmd/dclass.d (revision b1e838363e3c6fc78a55519254d99869742dd33c)
1 /**
2  * Defines a `class` declaration.
3  *
4  * Specification: $(LINK2 https://dlang.org/spec/class.html, Classes)
5  *
6  * Copyright:   Copyright (C) 1999-2022 by The D Language Foundation, All Rights Reserved
7  * Authors:     $(LINK2 https://www.digitalmars.com, Walter Bright)
8  * License:     $(LINK2 https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0)
9  * Source:      $(LINK2 https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/master/src/dmd/dclass.d, _dclass.d)
10  * Documentation:  https://dlang.org/phobos/dmd_dclass.html
11  * Coverage:    https://codecov.io/gh/dlang/dmd/src/master/src/dmd/dclass.d
12  */
13 
14 module dmd.dclass;
15 
16 import core.stdc.stdio;
17 import core.stdc.string;
18 
19 import dmd.aggregate;
20 import dmd.apply;
21 import dmd.arraytypes;
22 import dmd.astenums;
23 import dmd.attrib;
24 import dmd.gluelayer;
25 import dmd.declaration;
26 import dmd.dscope;
27 import dmd.dsymbol;
28 import dmd.dsymbolsem;
29 import dmd.func;
30 import dmd.globals;
31 import dmd.id;
32 import dmd.identifier;
33 import dmd.mtype;
34 import dmd.objc;
35 import dmd.root.rmem;
36 import dmd.target;
37 import dmd.visitor;
38 
39 /***********************************************************
40  */
41 extern (C++) struct BaseClass
42 {
43     Type type;          // (before semantic processing)
44 
45     ClassDeclaration sym;
46     uint offset;        // 'this' pointer offset
47 
48     // for interfaces: Array of FuncDeclaration's making up the vtbl[]
49     FuncDeclarations vtbl;
50 
51     // if BaseClass is an interface, these
52     // are a copy of the InterfaceDeclaration.interfaces
53     BaseClass[] baseInterfaces;
54 
thisBaseClass55     extern (D) this(Type type)
56     {
57         //printf("BaseClass(this = %p, '%s')\n", this, type.toChars());
58         this.type = type;
59     }
60 
61     /****************************************
62      * Fill in vtbl[] for base class based on member functions of class cd.
63      * Input:
64      *      vtbl            if !=NULL, fill it in
65      *      newinstance     !=0 means all entries must be filled in by members
66      *                      of cd, not members of any base classes of cd.
67      * Returns:
68      *      true if any entries were filled in by members of cd (not exclusively
69      *      by base classes)
70      */
fillVtblBaseClass71     extern (C++) bool fillVtbl(ClassDeclaration cd, FuncDeclarations* vtbl, int newinstance)
72     {
73         bool result = false;
74 
75         //printf("BaseClass.fillVtbl(this='%s', cd='%s')\n", sym.toChars(), cd.toChars());
76         if (vtbl)
77             vtbl.setDim(sym.vtbl.dim);
78 
79         // first entry is ClassInfo reference
80         for (size_t j = sym.vtblOffset(); j < sym.vtbl.dim; j++)
81         {
82             FuncDeclaration ifd = sym.vtbl[j].isFuncDeclaration();
83 
84             //printf("        vtbl[%d] is '%s'\n", j, ifd ? ifd.toChars() : "null");
85             assert(ifd);
86 
87             // Find corresponding function in this class
88             auto tf = ifd.type.toTypeFunction();
89             auto fd = cd.findFunc(ifd.ident, tf);
90             if (fd && !fd.isAbstract())
91             {
92                 if (fd.toParent() == cd)
93                     result = true;
94             }
95             else
96                 fd = null;
97             if (vtbl)
98                 (*vtbl)[j] = fd;
99         }
100         return result;
101     }
102 
copyBaseInterfacesBaseClass103     extern (D) void copyBaseInterfaces(BaseClasses* vtblInterfaces)
104     {
105         //printf("+copyBaseInterfaces(), %s\n", sym.toChars());
106         //    if (baseInterfaces.length)
107         //      return;
108         auto bc = cast(BaseClass*)mem.xcalloc(sym.interfaces.length, BaseClass.sizeof);
109         baseInterfaces = bc[0 .. sym.interfaces.length];
110         //printf("%s.copyBaseInterfaces()\n", sym.toChars());
111         for (size_t i = 0; i < baseInterfaces.length; i++)
112         {
113             BaseClass* b = &baseInterfaces[i];
114             BaseClass* b2 = sym.interfaces[i];
115 
116             assert(b2.vtbl.dim == 0); // should not be filled yet
117             memcpy(b, b2, BaseClass.sizeof);
118 
119             if (i) // single inheritance is i==0
120                 vtblInterfaces.push(b); // only need for M.I.
121             b.copyBaseInterfaces(vtblInterfaces);
122         }
123         //printf("-copyBaseInterfaces\n");
124     }
125 }
126 
127 enum ClassFlags : uint
128 {
129     none          = 0x0,
130     isCOMclass    = 0x1,
131     noPointers    = 0x2,
132     hasOffTi      = 0x4,
133     hasCtor       = 0x8,
134     hasGetMembers = 0x10,
135     hasTypeInfo   = 0x20,
136     isAbstract    = 0x40,
137     isCPPclass    = 0x80,
138     hasDtor       = 0x100,
139 }
140 
141 /***********************************************************
142  */
143 extern (C++) class ClassDeclaration : AggregateDeclaration
144 {
145     extern (C++) __gshared
146     {
147         // Names found by reading object.d in druntime
148         ClassDeclaration object;
149         ClassDeclaration throwable;
150         ClassDeclaration exception;
151         ClassDeclaration errorException;
152         ClassDeclaration cpp_type_info_ptr;   // Object.__cpp_type_info_ptr
153     }
154 
155     ClassDeclaration baseClass; // NULL only if this is Object
156     FuncDeclaration staticCtor;
157     FuncDeclaration staticDtor;
158     Dsymbols vtbl;              // Array of FuncDeclaration's making up the vtbl[]
159     Dsymbols vtblFinal;         // More FuncDeclaration's that aren't in vtbl[]
160 
161     // Array of BaseClass's; first is super, rest are Interface's
162     BaseClasses* baseclasses;
163 
164     /* Slice of baseclasses[] that does not include baseClass
165      */
166     BaseClass*[] interfaces;
167 
168     // array of base interfaces that have their own vtbl[]
169     BaseClasses* vtblInterfaces;
170 
171     // the ClassInfo object for this ClassDeclaration
172     TypeInfoClassDeclaration vclassinfo;
173 
174     // true if this is a COM class
175     bool com;
176 
177     /// true if this is a scope class
178     bool stack;
179 
180     /// if this is a C++ class, this is the slot reserved for the virtual destructor
181     int cppDtorVtblIndex = -1;
182 
183     /// to prevent recursive attempts
184     private bool inuse;
185 
186     ThreeState isabstract;
187 
188     /// set the progress of base classes resolving
189     Baseok baseok;
190 
191     /**
192      * Data for a class declaration that is needed for the Objective-C
193      * integration.
194      */
195     ObjcClassDeclaration objc;
196 
197     Symbol* cpp_type_info_ptr_sym;      // cached instance of class Id.cpp_type_info_ptr
198 
this(const ref Loc loc,Identifier id,BaseClasses * baseclasses,Dsymbols * members,bool inObject)199     final extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Identifier id, BaseClasses* baseclasses, Dsymbols* members, bool inObject)
200     {
201         objc = ObjcClassDeclaration(this);
202 
203         if (!id)
204             id = Identifier.generateAnonymousId("class");
205 
206         super(loc, id);
207 
208         static immutable msg = "only object.d can define this reserved class name";
209 
210         if (baseclasses)
211         {
212             // Actually, this is a transfer
213             this.baseclasses = baseclasses;
214         }
215         else
216             this.baseclasses = new BaseClasses();
217 
218         this.members = members;
219 
220         //printf("ClassDeclaration(%s), dim = %d\n", ident.toChars(), this.baseclasses.dim);
221 
222         // For forward references
223         type = new TypeClass(this);
224 
225         // Look for special class names
226         if (id == Id.__sizeof || id == Id.__xalignof || id == Id._mangleof)
227             error("illegal class name");
228 
229         // BUG: What if this is the wrong TypeInfo, i.e. it is nested?
230         if (id.toChars()[0] == 'T')
231         {
232             if (id == Id.TypeInfo)
233             {
234                 if (!inObject)
235                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
236                 Type.dtypeinfo = this;
237             }
238             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Class)
239             {
240                 if (!inObject)
241                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
242                 Type.typeinfoclass = this;
243             }
244             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Interface)
245             {
246                 if (!inObject)
247                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
248                 Type.typeinfointerface = this;
249             }
250             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Struct)
251             {
252                 if (!inObject)
253                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
254                 Type.typeinfostruct = this;
255             }
256             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Pointer)
257             {
258                 if (!inObject)
259                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
260                 Type.typeinfopointer = this;
261             }
262             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Array)
263             {
264                 if (!inObject)
265                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
266                 Type.typeinfoarray = this;
267             }
268             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_StaticArray)
269             {
270                 //if (!inObject)
271                 //    Type.typeinfostaticarray.error("%s", msg);
272                 Type.typeinfostaticarray = this;
273             }
274             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_AssociativeArray)
275             {
276                 if (!inObject)
277                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
278                 Type.typeinfoassociativearray = this;
279             }
280             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Enum)
281             {
282                 if (!inObject)
283                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
284                 Type.typeinfoenum = this;
285             }
286             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Function)
287             {
288                 if (!inObject)
289                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
290                 Type.typeinfofunction = this;
291             }
292             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Delegate)
293             {
294                 if (!inObject)
295                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
296                 Type.typeinfodelegate = this;
297             }
298             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Tuple)
299             {
300                 if (!inObject)
301                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
302                 Type.typeinfotypelist = this;
303             }
304             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Const)
305             {
306                 if (!inObject)
307                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
308                 Type.typeinfoconst = this;
309             }
310             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Invariant)
311             {
312                 if (!inObject)
313                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
314                 Type.typeinfoinvariant = this;
315             }
316             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Shared)
317             {
318                 if (!inObject)
319                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
320                 Type.typeinfoshared = this;
321             }
322             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Wild)
323             {
324                 if (!inObject)
325                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
326                 Type.typeinfowild = this;
327             }
328             if (id == Id.TypeInfo_Vector)
329             {
330                 if (!inObject)
331                     error("%s", msg.ptr);
332                 Type.typeinfovector = this;
333             }
334         }
335 
336         if (id == Id.Object)
337         {
338             if (!inObject)
339                 error("%s", msg.ptr);
340             object = this;
341         }
342 
343         if (id == Id.Throwable)
344         {
345             if (!inObject)
346                 error("%s", msg.ptr);
347             throwable = this;
348         }
349         if (id == Id.Exception)
350         {
351             if (!inObject)
352                 error("%s", msg.ptr);
353             exception = this;
354         }
355         if (id == Id.Error)
356         {
357             if (!inObject)
358                 error("%s", msg.ptr);
359             errorException = this;
360         }
361         if (id == Id.cpp_type_info_ptr)
362         {
363             if (!inObject)
364                 error("%s", msg.ptr);
365             cpp_type_info_ptr = this;
366         }
367 
368         baseok = Baseok.none;
369     }
370 
create(const ref Loc loc,Identifier id,BaseClasses * baseclasses,Dsymbols * members,bool inObject)371     static ClassDeclaration create(const ref Loc loc, Identifier id, BaseClasses* baseclasses, Dsymbols* members, bool inObject)
372     {
373         return new ClassDeclaration(loc, id, baseclasses, members, inObject);
374     }
375 
376     override const(char)* toPrettyChars(bool qualifyTypes = false)
377     {
378         if (objc.isMeta)
379             return .objc.toPrettyChars(this, qualifyTypes);
380 
381         return super.toPrettyChars(qualifyTypes);
382     }
383 
syntaxCopy(Dsymbol s)384     override ClassDeclaration syntaxCopy(Dsymbol s)
385     {
386         //printf("ClassDeclaration.syntaxCopy('%s')\n", toChars());
387         ClassDeclaration cd =
388             s ? cast(ClassDeclaration)s
389               : new ClassDeclaration(loc, ident, null, null, false);
390 
391         cd.storage_class |= storage_class;
392 
393         cd.baseclasses.setDim(this.baseclasses.dim);
394         for (size_t i = 0; i < cd.baseclasses.dim; i++)
395         {
396             BaseClass* b = (*this.baseclasses)[i];
397             auto b2 = new BaseClass(b.type.syntaxCopy());
398             (*cd.baseclasses)[i] = b2;
399         }
400 
401         ScopeDsymbol.syntaxCopy(cd);
402         return cd;
403     }
404 
newScope(Scope * sc)405     override Scope* newScope(Scope* sc)
406     {
407         auto sc2 = super.newScope(sc);
408         if (isCOMclass())
409         {
410             /* This enables us to use COM objects under Linux and
411              * work with things like XPCOM
412              */
413             sc2.linkage = target.systemLinkage();
414         }
415         return sc2;
416     }
417 
418     /*********************************************
419      * Determine if 'this' is a base class of cd.
420      * This is used to detect circular inheritance only.
421      */
isBaseOf2(ClassDeclaration cd)422     final bool isBaseOf2(ClassDeclaration cd) pure nothrow @nogc
423     {
424         if (!cd)
425             return false;
426         //printf("ClassDeclaration.isBaseOf2(this = '%s', cd = '%s')\n", toChars(), cd.toChars());
427         for (size_t i = 0; i < cd.baseclasses.dim; i++)
428         {
429             BaseClass* b = (*cd.baseclasses)[i];
430             if (b.sym == this || isBaseOf2(b.sym))
431                 return true;
432         }
433         return false;
434     }
435 
436     enum OFFSET_RUNTIME = 0x76543210;
437     enum OFFSET_FWDREF = 0x76543211;
438 
439     /*******************************************
440      * Determine if 'this' is a base class of cd.
441      */
isBaseOf(ClassDeclaration cd,int * poffset)442     bool isBaseOf(ClassDeclaration cd, int* poffset) pure nothrow @nogc
443     {
444         //printf("ClassDeclaration.isBaseOf(this = '%s', cd = '%s')\n", toChars(), cd.toChars());
445         if (poffset)
446             *poffset = 0;
447         while (cd)
448         {
449             assert(cd.baseClass || cd.semanticRun >= PASS.semanticdone || cd.isInterfaceDeclaration());
450             if (this == cd.baseClass)
451                 return true;
452 
453             cd = cd.baseClass;
454         }
455         return false;
456     }
457 
458     /*********************************************
459      * Determine if 'this' has complete base class information.
460      * This is used to detect forward references in covariant overloads.
461      */
isBaseInfoComplete()462     final bool isBaseInfoComplete() const
463     {
464         return baseok >= Baseok.done;
465     }
466 
467     override final Dsymbol search(const ref Loc loc, Identifier ident, int flags = SearchLocalsOnly)
468     {
469         //printf("%s.ClassDeclaration.search('%s', flags=x%x)\n", toChars(), ident.toChars(), flags);
470         //if (_scope) printf("%s baseok = %d\n", toChars(), baseok);
471         if (_scope && baseok < Baseok.done)
472         {
473             if (!inuse)
474             {
475                 // must semantic on base class/interfaces
476                 inuse = true;
477                 dsymbolSemantic(this, null);
478                 inuse = false;
479             }
480         }
481 
482         if (!members || !symtab) // opaque or addMember is not yet done
483         {
484             // .stringof is always defined (but may be hidden by some other symbol)
485             if (ident != Id.stringof && !(flags & IgnoreErrors) && semanticRun < PASS.semanticdone)
486                 error("is forward referenced when looking for `%s`", ident.toChars());
487             //*(char*)0=0;
488             return null;
489         }
490 
491         auto s = ScopeDsymbol.search(loc, ident, flags);
492 
493         // don't search imports of base classes
494         if (flags & SearchImportsOnly)
495             return s;
496 
497         if (s)
498             return s;
499 
500         // Search bases classes in depth-first, left to right order
foreach(b;(* baseclasses)[])501         foreach (b; (*baseclasses)[])
502         {
503             if (!b.sym)
504                 continue;
505 
506             if (!b.sym.symtab)
507             {
508                 error("base `%s` is forward referenced", b.sym.ident.toChars());
509                 continue;
510             }
511 
512             import dmd.access : symbolIsVisible;
513 
514             s = b.sym.search(loc, ident, flags);
515             if (!s)
516                 continue;
517             else if (s == this) // happens if s is nested in this and derives from this
518                 s = null;
519             else if (!(flags & IgnoreSymbolVisibility) && !(s.visible().kind == Visibility.Kind.protected_) && !symbolIsVisible(this, s))
520                 s = null;
521             else
522                 break;
523         }
524 
525         return s;
526     }
527 
528     /************************************
529      * Search base classes in depth-first, left-to-right order for
530      * a class or interface named 'ident'.
531      * Stops at first found. Does not look for additional matches.
532      * Params:
533      *  ident = identifier to search for
534      * Returns:
535      *  ClassDeclaration if found, null if not
536      */
searchBase(Identifier ident)537     final ClassDeclaration searchBase(Identifier ident)
538     {
539         foreach (b; *baseclasses)
540         {
541             auto cdb = b.type.isClassHandle();
542             if (!cdb) // https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10616
543                 return null;
544             if (cdb.ident.equals(ident))
545                 return cdb;
546             auto result = cdb.searchBase(ident);
547             if (result)
548                 return result;
549         }
550         return null;
551     }
552 
finalizeSize()553     final override void finalizeSize()
554     {
555         assert(sizeok != Sizeok.done);
556 
557         // Set the offsets of the fields and determine the size of the class
558         if (baseClass)
559         {
560             assert(baseClass.sizeok == Sizeok.done);
561 
562             alignsize = baseClass.alignsize;
563             if (classKind == ClassKind.cpp)
564                 structsize = target.cpp.derivedClassOffset(baseClass);
565             else
566                 structsize = baseClass.structsize;
567         }
568         else if (classKind == ClassKind.objc)
569             structsize = 0; // no hidden member for an Objective-C class
570         else if (isInterfaceDeclaration())
571         {
572             if (interfaces.length == 0)
573             {
574                 alignsize = target.ptrsize;
575                 structsize = target.ptrsize;      // allow room for __vptr
576             }
577         }
578         else
579         {
580             alignsize = target.ptrsize;
581             structsize = target.ptrsize;      // allow room for __vptr
582             if (hasMonitor())
583                 structsize += target.ptrsize; // allow room for __monitor
584         }
585 
586         //printf("finalizeSize() %s, sizeok = %d\n", toChars(), sizeok);
587         size_t bi = 0;                  // index into vtblInterfaces[]
588 
589         /****
590          * Runs through the inheritance graph to set the BaseClass.offset fields.
591          * Recursive in order to account for the size of the interface classes, if they are
592          * more than just interfaces.
593          * Params:
594          *      cd = interface to look at
595          *      baseOffset = offset of where cd will be placed
596          * Returns:
597          *      subset of instantiated size used by cd for interfaces
598          */
599         uint membersPlace(ClassDeclaration cd, uint baseOffset)
600         {
601             //printf("    membersPlace(%s, %d)\n", cd.toChars(), baseOffset);
602             uint offset = baseOffset;
603 
604             foreach (BaseClass* b; cd.interfaces)
605             {
606                 if (b.sym.sizeok != Sizeok.done)
607                     b.sym.finalizeSize();
608                 assert(b.sym.sizeok == Sizeok.done);
609 
610                 if (!b.sym.alignsize)
611                     b.sym.alignsize = target.ptrsize;
612                 alignmember(structalign_t(cast(ushort)b.sym.alignsize), b.sym.alignsize, &offset);
613                 assert(bi < vtblInterfaces.dim);
614 
615                 BaseClass* bv = (*vtblInterfaces)[bi];
616                 if (b.sym.interfaces.length == 0)
617                 {
618                     //printf("\tvtblInterfaces[%d] b=%p b.sym = %s, offset = %d\n", bi, bv, bv.sym.toChars(), offset);
619                     bv.offset = offset;
620                     ++bi;
621                     // All the base interfaces down the left side share the same offset
622                     for (BaseClass* b2 = bv; b2.baseInterfaces.length; )
623                     {
624                         b2 = &b2.baseInterfaces[0];
625                         b2.offset = offset;
626                         //printf("\tvtblInterfaces[%d] b=%p   sym = %s, offset = %d\n", bi, b2, b2.sym.toChars(), b2.offset);
627                     }
628                 }
629                 membersPlace(b.sym, offset);
630                 //printf(" %s size = %d\n", b.sym.toChars(), b.sym.structsize);
631                 offset += b.sym.structsize;
632                 if (alignsize < b.sym.alignsize)
633                     alignsize = b.sym.alignsize;
634             }
635             return offset - baseOffset;
636         }
637 
638         structsize += membersPlace(this, structsize);
639 
640         if (isInterfaceDeclaration())
641         {
642             sizeok = Sizeok.done;
643             return;
644         }
645 
646         // FIXME: Currently setFieldOffset functions need to increase fields
647         // to calculate each variable offsets. It can be improved later.
648         fields.setDim(0);
649 
650         FieldState fieldState;
651         fieldState.offset = structsize;
652         foreach (s; *members)
653         {
654             s.setFieldOffset(this, fieldState, false);
655         }
656 
657         sizeok = Sizeok.done;
658 
659         // Calculate fields[i].overlapped
660         checkOverlappedFields();
661     }
662 
663     /**************
664      * Returns: true if there's a __monitor field
665      */
hasMonitor()666     final bool hasMonitor()
667     {
668         return classKind == ClassKind.d;
669     }
670 
isFuncHidden(FuncDeclaration fd)671     final bool isFuncHidden(FuncDeclaration fd)
672     {
673         //printf("ClassDeclaration.isFuncHidden(class = %s, fd = %s)\n", toChars(), fd.toPrettyChars());
674         Dsymbol s = search(Loc.initial, fd.ident, IgnoreAmbiguous | IgnoreErrors);
675         if (!s)
676         {
677             //printf("not found\n");
678             /* Because, due to a hack, if there are multiple definitions
679              * of fd.ident, NULL is returned.
680              */
681             return false;
682         }
683         s = s.toAlias();
684         if (auto os = s.isOverloadSet())
685         {
686             foreach (sm; os.a)
687             {
688                 auto fm = sm.isFuncDeclaration();
689                 if (overloadApply(fm, s => fd == s.isFuncDeclaration()))
690                     return false;
691             }
692             return true;
693         }
694         else
695         {
696             auto f = s.isFuncDeclaration();
697             //printf("%s fdstart = %p\n", s.kind(), fdstart);
698             if (overloadApply(f, s => fd == s.isFuncDeclaration()))
699                 return false;
700             return !fd.parent.isTemplateMixin();
701         }
702     }
703 
704     /****************
705      * Find virtual function matching identifier and type.
706      * Used to build virtual function tables for interface implementations.
707      * Params:
708      *  ident = function's identifier
709      *  tf = function's type
710      * Returns:
711      *  function symbol if found, null if not
712      * Errors:
713      *  prints error message if more than one match
714      */
findFunc(Identifier ident,TypeFunction tf)715     final FuncDeclaration findFunc(Identifier ident, TypeFunction tf)
716     {
717         //printf("ClassDeclaration.findFunc(%s, %s) %s\n", ident.toChars(), tf.toChars(), toChars());
718         FuncDeclaration fdmatch = null;
719         FuncDeclaration fdambig = null;
720 
721         void updateBestMatch(FuncDeclaration fd)
722         {
723             fdmatch = fd;
724             fdambig = null;
725             //printf("Lfd fdmatch = %s %s [%s]\n", fdmatch.toChars(), fdmatch.type.toChars(), fdmatch.loc.toChars());
726         }
727 
728         void searchVtbl(ref Dsymbols vtbl)
729         {
730             bool seenInterfaceVirtual;
731             foreach (s; vtbl)
732             {
733                 auto fd = s.isFuncDeclaration();
734                 if (!fd)
735                     continue;
736 
737                 // the first entry might be a ClassInfo
738                 //printf("\t[%d] = %s\n", i, fd.toChars());
739                 if (ident != fd.ident || fd.type.covariant(tf) != Covariant.yes)
740                 {
741                     //printf("\t\t%d\n", fd.type.covariant(tf));
742                     continue;
743                 }
744 
745                 //printf("fd.parent.isClassDeclaration() = %p\n", fd.parent.isClassDeclaration());
746                 if (!fdmatch)
747                 {
748                     updateBestMatch(fd);
749                     continue;
750                 }
751                 if (fd == fdmatch)
752                     continue;
753 
754                 /* Functions overriding interface functions for extern(C++) with VC++
755                  * are not in the normal vtbl, but in vtblFinal. If the implementation
756                  * is again overridden in a child class, both would be found here.
757                  * The function in the child class should override the function
758                  * in the base class, which is done here, because searchVtbl is first
759                  * called for the child class. Checking seenInterfaceVirtual makes
760                  * sure, that the compared functions are not in the same vtbl.
761                  */
762                 if (fd.interfaceVirtual &&
763                     fd.interfaceVirtual is fdmatch.interfaceVirtual &&
764                     !seenInterfaceVirtual &&
765                     fdmatch.type.covariant(fd.type) == Covariant.yes)
766                 {
767                     seenInterfaceVirtual = true;
768                     continue;
769                 }
770 
771                 {
772                 // Function type matching: exact > covariant
773                 MATCH m1 = tf.equals(fd.type) ? MATCH.exact : MATCH.nomatch;
774                 MATCH m2 = tf.equals(fdmatch.type) ? MATCH.exact : MATCH.nomatch;
775                 if (m1 > m2)
776                 {
777                     updateBestMatch(fd);
778                     continue;
779                 }
780                 else if (m1 < m2)
781                     continue;
782                 }
783                 {
784                 MATCH m1 = (tf.mod == fd.type.mod) ? MATCH.exact : MATCH.nomatch;
785                 MATCH m2 = (tf.mod == fdmatch.type.mod) ? MATCH.exact : MATCH.nomatch;
786                 if (m1 > m2)
787                 {
788                     updateBestMatch(fd);
789                     continue;
790                 }
791                 else if (m1 < m2)
792                     continue;
793                 }
794                 {
795                 // The way of definition: non-mixin > mixin
796                 MATCH m1 = fd.parent.isClassDeclaration() ? MATCH.exact : MATCH.nomatch;
797                 MATCH m2 = fdmatch.parent.isClassDeclaration() ? MATCH.exact : MATCH.nomatch;
798                 if (m1 > m2)
799                 {
800                     updateBestMatch(fd);
801                     continue;
802                 }
803                 else if (m1 < m2)
804                     continue;
805                 }
806 
807                 fdambig = fd;
808                 //printf("Lambig fdambig = %s %s [%s]\n", fdambig.toChars(), fdambig.type.toChars(), fdambig.loc.toChars());
809             }
810         }
811 
812         searchVtbl(vtbl);
813         for (auto cd = this; cd; cd = cd.baseClass)
814         {
815             searchVtbl(cd.vtblFinal);
816         }
817 
818         if (fdambig)
819             error("ambiguous virtual function `%s`", fdambig.toChars());
820 
821         return fdmatch;
822     }
823 
824     /****************************************
825      */
isCOMclass()826     final bool isCOMclass() const
827     {
828         return com;
829     }
830 
isCOMinterface()831     bool isCOMinterface() const
832     {
833         return false;
834     }
835 
isCPPclass()836     final bool isCPPclass() const
837     {
838         return classKind == ClassKind.cpp;
839     }
840 
isCPPinterface()841     bool isCPPinterface() const
842     {
843         return false;
844     }
845 
846     /****************************************
847      */
isAbstract()848     final bool isAbstract()
849     {
850         enum log = false;
851         if (isabstract != ThreeState.none)
852             return isabstract == ThreeState.yes;
853 
854         if (log) printf("isAbstract(%s)\n", toChars());
855 
856         bool no()  { if (log) printf("no\n");  isabstract = ThreeState.no;  return false; }
857         bool yes() { if (log) printf("yes\n"); isabstract = ThreeState.yes; return true;  }
858 
859         if (storage_class & STC.abstract_ || _scope && _scope.stc & STC.abstract_)
860             return yes();
861 
862         if (errors)
863             return no();
864 
865         /* https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11169
866          * Resolve forward references to all class member functions,
867          * and determine whether this class is abstract.
868          */
869         static int func(Dsymbol s)
870         {
871             auto fd = s.isFuncDeclaration();
872             if (!fd)
873                 return 0;
874             if (fd.storage_class & STC.static_)
875                 return 0;
876 
877             if (fd.isAbstract())
878                 return 1;
879             return 0;
880         }
881 
882         for (size_t i = 0; i < members.dim; i++)
883         {
884             auto s = (*members)[i];
885             if (s.apply(&func))
886             {
887                 return yes();
888             }
889         }
890 
891         /* If the base class is not abstract, then this class cannot
892          * be abstract.
893          */
894         if (!isInterfaceDeclaration() && (!baseClass || !baseClass.isAbstract()))
895             return no();
896 
897         /* If any abstract functions are inherited, but not overridden,
898          * then the class is abstract. Do this by checking the vtbl[].
899          * Need to do semantic() on class to fill the vtbl[].
900          */
901         this.dsymbolSemantic(null);
902 
903         /* The next line should work, but does not because when ClassDeclaration.dsymbolSemantic()
904          * is called recursively it can set PASS.semanticdone without finishing it.
905          */
906         //if (semanticRun < PASS.semanticdone)
907         {
908             /* Could not complete semantic(). Try running semantic() on
909              * each of the virtual functions,
910              * which will fill in the vtbl[] overrides.
911              */
912             static int virtualSemantic(Dsymbol s)
913             {
914                 auto fd = s.isFuncDeclaration();
915                 if (fd && !(fd.storage_class & STC.static_) && !fd.isUnitTestDeclaration())
916                     fd.dsymbolSemantic(null);
917                 return 0;
918             }
919 
920             for (size_t i = 0; i < members.dim; i++)
921             {
922                 auto s = (*members)[i];
923                 s.apply(&virtualSemantic);
924             }
925         }
926 
927         /* Finally, check the vtbl[]
928          */
929         foreach (i; 1 .. vtbl.dim)
930         {
931             auto fd = vtbl[i].isFuncDeclaration();
932             //if (fd) printf("\tvtbl[%d] = [%s] %s\n", i, fd.loc.toChars(), fd.toPrettyChars());
933             if (!fd || fd.isAbstract())
934             {
935                 return yes();
936             }
937         }
938 
939         return no();
940     }
941 
942     /****************************************
943      * Determine if slot 0 of the vtbl[] is reserved for something else.
944      * For class objects, yes, this is where the classinfo ptr goes.
945      * For COM interfaces, no.
946      * For non-COM interfaces, yes, this is where the Interface ptr goes.
947      * Returns:
948      *      0       vtbl[0] is first virtual function pointer
949      *      1       vtbl[0] is classinfo/interfaceinfo pointer
950      */
vtblOffset()951     int vtblOffset() const
952     {
953         return classKind == ClassKind.cpp ? 0 : 1;
954     }
955 
956     /****************************************
957      */
kind()958     override const(char)* kind() const
959     {
960         return "class";
961     }
962 
963     /****************************************
964      */
addLocalClass(ClassDeclarations * aclasses)965     override final void addLocalClass(ClassDeclarations* aclasses)
966     {
967         if (classKind != ClassKind.objc)
968             aclasses.push(this);
969     }
970 
addObjcSymbols(ClassDeclarations * classes,ClassDeclarations * categories)971     override final void addObjcSymbols(ClassDeclarations* classes, ClassDeclarations* categories)
972     {
973         .objc.addSymbols(this, classes, categories);
974     }
975 
976     // Back end
977     Dsymbol vtblsym;
978 
vtblSymbol()979     final Dsymbol vtblSymbol()
980     {
981         if (!vtblsym)
982         {
983             auto vtype = Type.tvoidptr.immutableOf().sarrayOf(vtbl.dim);
984             auto var = new VarDeclaration(loc, vtype, Identifier.idPool("__vtbl"), null, STC.immutable_ | STC.static_);
985             var.addMember(null, this);
986             var.isdataseg = 1;
987             var._linkage = LINK.d;
988             var.semanticRun = PASS.semanticdone; // no more semantic wanted
989             vtblsym = var;
990         }
991         return vtblsym;
992     }
993 
inout(ClassDeclaration)994     override final inout(ClassDeclaration) isClassDeclaration() inout @nogc nothrow pure @safe
995     {
996         return this;
997     }
998 
accept(Visitor v)999     override void accept(Visitor v)
1000     {
1001         v.visit(this);
1002     }
1003 }
1004 
1005 /***********************************************************
1006  */
1007 extern (C++) final class InterfaceDeclaration : ClassDeclaration
1008 {
this(const ref Loc loc,Identifier id,BaseClasses * baseclasses)1009     extern (D) this(const ref Loc loc, Identifier id, BaseClasses* baseclasses)
1010     {
1011         super(loc, id, baseclasses, null, false);
1012         if (id == Id.IUnknown) // IUnknown is the root of all COM interfaces
1013         {
1014             com = true;
1015             classKind = ClassKind.cpp; // IUnknown is also a C++ interface
1016         }
1017     }
1018 
syntaxCopy(Dsymbol s)1019     override InterfaceDeclaration syntaxCopy(Dsymbol s)
1020     {
1021         InterfaceDeclaration id =
1022             s ? cast(InterfaceDeclaration)s
1023               : new InterfaceDeclaration(loc, ident, null);
1024         ClassDeclaration.syntaxCopy(id);
1025         return id;
1026     }
1027 
1028 
newScope(Scope * sc)1029     override Scope* newScope(Scope* sc)
1030     {
1031         auto sc2 = super.newScope(sc);
1032         if (com)
1033             sc2.linkage = LINK.windows;
1034         else if (classKind == ClassKind.cpp)
1035             sc2.linkage = LINK.cpp;
1036         else if (classKind == ClassKind.objc)
1037             sc2.linkage = LINK.objc;
1038         return sc2;
1039     }
1040 
1041     /*******************************************
1042      * Determine if 'this' is a base class of cd.
1043      * (Actually, if it is an interface supported by cd)
1044      * Output:
1045      *      *poffset        offset to start of class
1046      *                      OFFSET_RUNTIME  must determine offset at runtime
1047      * Returns:
1048      *      false   not a base
1049      *      true    is a base
1050      */
isBaseOf(ClassDeclaration cd,int * poffset)1051     override bool isBaseOf(ClassDeclaration cd, int* poffset) pure nothrow @nogc
1052     {
1053         //printf("%s.InterfaceDeclaration.isBaseOf(cd = '%s')\n", toChars(), cd.toChars());
1054         assert(!baseClass);
1055         foreach (b; cd.interfaces)
1056         {
1057             //printf("\tX base %s\n", b.sym.toChars());
1058             if (this == b.sym)
1059             {
1060                 //printf("\tfound at offset %d\n", b.offset);
1061                 if (poffset)
1062                 {
1063                     // don't return incorrect offsets
1064                     // https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16980
1065                     *poffset = cd.sizeok == Sizeok.done ? b.offset : OFFSET_FWDREF;
1066                 }
1067                 // printf("\tfound at offset %d\n", b.offset);
1068                 return true;
1069             }
1070             if (baseClassImplementsInterface(this, b, poffset))
1071                 return true;
1072         }
1073         if (cd.baseClass && isBaseOf(cd.baseClass, poffset))
1074             return true;
1075 
1076         if (poffset)
1077             *poffset = 0;
1078         return false;
1079     }
1080 
1081     /*******************************************
1082      */
kind()1083     override const(char)* kind() const
1084     {
1085         return "interface";
1086     }
1087 
1088     /****************************************
1089      * Determine if slot 0 of the vtbl[] is reserved for something else.
1090      * For class objects, yes, this is where the ClassInfo ptr goes.
1091      * For COM interfaces, no.
1092      * For non-COM interfaces, yes, this is where the Interface ptr goes.
1093      */
vtblOffset()1094     override int vtblOffset() const
1095     {
1096         if (isCOMinterface() || isCPPinterface())
1097             return 0;
1098         return 1;
1099     }
1100 
isCPPinterface()1101     override bool isCPPinterface() const
1102     {
1103         return classKind == ClassKind.cpp;
1104     }
1105 
isCOMinterface()1106     override bool isCOMinterface() const
1107     {
1108         return com;
1109     }
1110 
inout(InterfaceDeclaration)1111     override inout(InterfaceDeclaration) isInterfaceDeclaration() inout
1112     {
1113         return this;
1114     }
1115 
accept(Visitor v)1116     override void accept(Visitor v)
1117     {
1118         v.visit(this);
1119     }
1120 }
1121 
1122 /**
1123  * Returns whether `bc` implements `id`, including indirectly (`bc` implements an interfaces
1124  * that inherits from `id`)
1125  *
1126  * Params:
1127  *    id = the interface
1128  *    bc = the base class
1129  *    poffset = out parameter, offset of the interface in an object
1130  *
1131  * Returns:
1132  *    true if the `bc` implements `id`, false otherwise
1133  **/
baseClassImplementsInterface(InterfaceDeclaration id,BaseClass * bc,int * poffset)1134 private bool baseClassImplementsInterface(InterfaceDeclaration id, BaseClass* bc, int* poffset) pure nothrow @nogc
1135 {
1136     //printf("%s.InterfaceDeclaration.isBaseOf(bc = '%s')\n", id.toChars(), bc.sym.toChars());
1137     for (size_t j = 0; j < bc.baseInterfaces.length; j++)
1138     {
1139         BaseClass* b = &bc.baseInterfaces[j];
1140         //printf("\tY base %s\n", b.sym.toChars());
1141         if (id == b.sym)
1142         {
1143             //printf("\tfound at offset %d\n", b.offset);
1144             if (poffset)
1145             {
1146                 *poffset = b.offset;
1147             }
1148             return true;
1149         }
1150         if (baseClassImplementsInterface(id, b, poffset))
1151         {
1152             return true;
1153         }
1154     }
1155 
1156     if (poffset)
1157         *poffset = 0;
1158     return false;
1159 }
1160