xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/dump/main.c (revision dbc3f9418ccaf0dcdc341a469c853a080a1bd797)
1 /*	$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.79 2024/10/04 11:38:44 rillig Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 #ifndef lint
34 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994\
35  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
36 #endif /* not lint */
37 
38 #ifndef lint
39 #if 0
40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
41 #else
42 __RCSID("$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.79 2024/10/04 11:38:44 rillig Exp $");
43 #endif
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 
46 #include <sys/param.h>
47 #include <sys/time.h>
48 #include <sys/stat.h>
49 #include <sys/mount.h>
50 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
51 
52 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
53 #include <ufs/ffs/ffs_extern.h>
54 
55 #include <ctype.h>
56 #include <err.h>
57 #include <errno.h>
58 #include <fcntl.h>
59 #include <fstab.h>
60 #include <signal.h>
61 #include <stdio.h>
62 #include <stdlib.h>
63 #include <string.h>
64 #include <time.h>
65 #include <unistd.h>
66 #include <util.h>
67 
68 #include "dump.h"
69 #include "pathnames.h"
70 #include "snapshot.h"
71 
72 union u_spcl u_spcl;
73 struct ufsi *ufsib;
74 int	mapsize;
75 char	*usedinomap;
76 char	*dumpdirmap;
77 char	*dumpinomap;
78 char	*disk;
79 char	*disk_dev;
80 const char *tape;
81 const char *dumpdates;
82 const char *temp;
83 char	lastlevel;
84 char	level;
85 int	uflag;
86 const char *dumpdev;
87 int	eflag;
88 int	lflag;
89 int	diskfd;
90 int	tapefd;
91 int	pipeout;
92 int	trueinc;
93 ino_t	curino;
94 int	newtape;
95 u_int64_t	tapesize;
96 long	tsize;
97 long	asize;
98 int	etapes;
99 int	nonodump;
100 int	unlimited;
101 time_t	tstart_writing;
102 time_t	tstart_volume;
103 int	xferrate;
104 char	sblock_buf[MAXBSIZE];
105 int	dev_bshift;
106 int	tp_bshift;
107 int needswap;
108 
109 int	timestamp;		/* print message timestamps */
110 int	notify;			/* notify operator flag */
111 u_int64_t	blockswritten;	/* number of blocks written on current tape */
112 int	tapeno;			/* current tape number */
113 int	density;		/* density in bytes/0.1" */
114 int	ntrec = NTREC;		/* # tape blocks in each tape record */
115 int	cartridge;		/* Assume non-cartridge tape */
116 long	dev_bsize = 1;		/* recalculated below */
117 long	blocksperfile;		/* output blocks per file */
118 const char *host;		/* remote host (if any) */
119 int	readcache = -1;		/* read cache size (in readblksize blks) */
120 int	readblksize = -1;	/* read block size */
121 char    default_time_string[] = "%T %Z"; /* default timestamp string */
122 char    *time_string = default_time_string; /* timestamp string */
123 
124 static long numarg(const char *, long, long);
125 static void obsolete(int *, char **[]);
126 static void usage(void);
127 
128 int
129 main(int argc, char *argv[])
130 {
131 	ino_t ino;
132 	int dirty;
133 	union dinode *dp;
134 	struct fstab *dt;
135 	struct statvfs *mntinfo, fsbuf;
136 	char *map, *cp;
137 	int ch;
138 	int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, Fflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
139 	int snap_internal = 0;
140 	ino_t maxino;
141 	time_t tnow, date;
142 	int dirc;
143 	char *mountpoint;
144 	int just_estimate = 0;
145 	char labelstr[LBLSIZE];
146 	char buf[MAXPATHLEN], rbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
147 	char *new_time_format;
148 	char *snap_backup = NULL;
149 
150 	spcl.c_date = 0;
151 	(void)time(&tnow);
152 	spcl.c_date = tnow;
153 	tzset(); /* set up timezone for strftime */
154 	if ((new_time_format = getenv("TIMEFORMAT")) != NULL)
155 		time_string = new_time_format;
156 
157 	tsize = 0;	/* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
158 	if ((tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
159 		tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
160 	dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
161 	temp = _PATH_DTMP;
162 	strcpy(labelstr, "none");	/* XXX safe strcpy. */
163 	if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
164 		quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE");
165 	level = '0';
166 	timestamp = 0;
167 
168 	if (argc < 2)
169 		usage();
170 
171 	obsolete(&argc, &argv);
172 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
173 	    "0123456789aB:b:cd:D:eFf:h:ik:l:L:nr:s:StT:uU:Wwx:X")) != -1)
174 		switch (ch) {
175 		/* dump level */
176 		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
177 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
178 			level = ch;
179 			break;
180 
181 		case 'a':		/* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
182 			unlimited = 1;
183 			break;
184 
185 		case 'B':		/* blocks per output file */
186 			blocksperfile = numarg("blocks per file", 1L, 0L);
187 			break;
188 
189 		case 'b':		/* blocks per tape write */
190 			ntrec = numarg("blocks per write", 1L, 1000L);
191 			bflag = 1;
192 			break;
193 
194 		case 'c':		/* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
195 			cartridge = 1;
196 			break;
197 
198 		case 'd':		/* density, in bits per inch */
199 			density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
200 			if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
201 				ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
202 			break;
203 
204 		case 'D':		/* specify alt. dumpdates file */
205 			dumpdates = optarg;
206 			break;
207 
208 		case 'e':		/* eject full tapes */
209 			eflag = 1;
210 			break;
211 
212 		case 'F':		/* files-to-dump is an fs image */
213 			Fflag = 1;
214 			break;
215 
216 		case 'f':		/* output file */
217 			tape = optarg;
218 			break;
219 
220 		case 'h':
221 			honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
222 			break;
223 
224 		case 'i':	/* "true incremental" regardless level */
225 			level = 'i';
226 			trueinc = 1;
227 			break;
228 
229 		case 'k':
230 			readblksize = numarg("read block size", 0, 64) * 1024;
231 			break;
232 
233 		case 'l':		/* autoload after eject full tapes */
234 			eflag = 1;
235 			lflag = numarg("timeout (in seconds)", 1, 0);
236 			break;
237 
238 		case 'L':
239 			/*
240 			 * Note that although there are LBLSIZE characters,
241 			 * the last must be '\0', so the limit on strlen()
242 			 * is really LBLSIZE-1.
243 			 */
244 			if (strlcpy(labelstr, optarg, sizeof(labelstr))
245 			    >= sizeof(labelstr)) {
246 				msg(
247 		"WARNING Label `%s' is larger than limit of %lu characters.\n",
248 				    optarg,
249 				    (unsigned long)sizeof(labelstr) - 1);
250 				msg("WARNING: Using truncated label `%s'.\n",
251 				    labelstr);
252 			}
253 			break;
254 		case 'n':		/* notify operators */
255 			notify = 1;
256 			break;
257 
258 		case 'r':		/* read cache size */
259 			readcache = numarg("read cache size", 0, 512);
260 			break;
261 
262 		case 's':		/* tape size, feet */
263 			tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
264 			break;
265 
266 		case 'S':		/* exit after estimating # of tapes */
267 			just_estimate = 1;
268 			break;
269 
270 		case 't':
271 			timestamp = 1;
272 			break;
273 
274 		case 'T':		/* time of last dump */
275 			spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
276 			if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
277 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n",
278 				    optarg);
279 				exit(X_STARTUP);
280 			}
281 			Tflag = 1;
282 			lastlevel = '?';
283 			break;
284 
285 		case 'u':		/* update /etc/dumpdates */
286 			uflag = 1;
287 			break;
288 
289 		case 'U':		/* dump device in /etc/dumpdates */
290 			dumpdev = optarg;
291 			break;
292 
293 		case 'W':		/* what to do */
294 		case 'w':
295 			lastdump(ch);
296 			exit(X_FINOK);	/* do nothing else */
297 
298 		case 'x':
299 			snap_backup = optarg;
300 			break;
301 
302 		case 'X':
303 			snap_internal = 1;
304 			break;
305 
306 		default:
307 			usage();
308 		}
309 	argc -= optind;
310 	argv += optind;
311 
312 	if (argc < 1) {
313 		(void)fprintf(stderr,
314 		    "Must specify disk or image, or file list\n");
315 		exit(X_STARTUP);
316 	}
317 
318 
319 	/*
320 	 *	determine if disk is a subdirectory, and setup appropriately
321 	 */
322 	getfstab();		/* /etc/fstab snarfed */
323 	disk = NULL;
324 	disk_dev = NULL;
325 	mountpoint = NULL;
326 	dirc = 0;
327 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
328 		struct stat sb;
329 		int error;
330 
331 		error = lstat(argv[i], &sb);
332 		if (Fflag || (!error && (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)))) {
333 			if (error)
334 				quite(errno, "can't stat %s", argv[i]);
335 			disk = argv[i];
336  multicheck:
337 			if (dirc != 0)
338 				quit("can't dump a disk or image at the same"
339 				" time as a file list");
340 			break;
341 		}
342 		if ((dt = fstabsearch(argv[i])) != NULL) {
343 			disk = argv[i];
344 			mountpoint = xstrdup(dt->fs_file);
345 			goto multicheck;
346 		}
347 		if (statvfs(argv[i], &fsbuf) == -1)
348 			quite(errno, "can't statvfs %s", argv[i]);
349 		disk = fsbuf.f_mntfromname;
350 		if (strcmp(argv[i], fsbuf.f_mntonname) == 0)
351 			goto multicheck;
352 		if (mountpoint == NULL) {
353 			mountpoint = xstrdup(fsbuf.f_mntonname);
354 			if (uflag) {
355 				msg("Ignoring u flag for subdir dump\n");
356 				uflag = 0;
357 			}
358 			if (level > '0') {
359 				msg("Subdir dump is done at level 0\n");
360 				level = '0';
361 			}
362 			msg("Dumping sub files/directories from %s\n",
363 			    mountpoint);
364 		} else {
365 			if (strcmp(mountpoint, fsbuf.f_mntonname) != 0)
366 				quit("%s is not on %s", argv[i], mountpoint);
367 		}
368 		msg("Dumping file/directory %s\n", argv[i]);
369 		dirc++;
370 	}
371 	if (mountpoint)
372 		free(mountpoint);
373 
374 	if (dirc == 0) {
375 		argv++;
376 		if (argc != 1) {
377 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "Excess arguments to dump:");
378 			while (--argc)
379 				(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
380 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
381 			exit(X_STARTUP);
382 		}
383 	}
384 	if (Tflag && uflag) {
385 		(void)fprintf(stderr,
386 		    "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
387 		exit(X_STARTUP);
388 	}
389 	if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
390 		pipeout++;
391 		tape = "standard output";
392 	}
393 
394 	if (blocksperfile)
395 		blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
396 	else if (!unlimited) {
397 		/*
398 		 * Determine how to default tape size and density
399 		 *
400 		 *		density				tape size
401 		 * 9-track	1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
402 		 * 9-track	6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
403 		 * cartridge	8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")	1700 ft.
404 		 *						(450*4 - slop)
405 		 */
406 		if (density == 0)
407 			density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
408 		if (tsize == 0)
409 			tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
410 	}
411 
412 	/* LINTED 346 "call to 'strchr' effectively discards 'const'" */
413 	if ((cp = strchr(tape, ':')) != NULL) {
414 		host = tape;
415 		/* This is fine, because all the const strings don't have : */
416 		*cp++ = '\0';
417 		tape = cp;
418 #ifdef RDUMP
419 		if (rmthost(host) == 0)
420 			exit(X_STARTUP);
421 #else
422 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
423 		exit(X_STARTUP);
424 #endif
425 	}
426 
427 	if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
428 		signal(SIGHUP, sig);
429 	if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
430 		signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
431 	if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
432 		signal(SIGFPE, sig);
433 	if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
434 		signal(SIGBUS, sig);
435 #if 0
436 	if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
437 		signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
438 #endif
439 	if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
440 		signal(SIGTERM, sig);
441 	if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
442 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
443 
444 	/*
445 	 *	disk can be either the full special file name, or
446 	 *	the file system name.
447 	 */
448 	mountpoint = NULL;
449 	mntinfo = mntinfosearch(disk);
450 	if ((dt = fstabsearch(disk)) != NULL) {
451 		if (getfsspecname(buf, sizeof(buf), dt->fs_spec) == NULL)
452 			quite(errno, "can't resolve mount %s (%s)", dt->fs_spec,
453 			    buf);
454 		if (getdiskrawname(rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), buf) == NULL)
455 			quite(errno, "can't get disk raw name for %s", buf);
456 		disk = rbuf;
457 		mountpoint = dt->fs_file;
458 		msg("Found %s on %s in %s\n", disk, mountpoint, _PATH_FSTAB);
459 	} else if (mntinfo != NULL) {
460 		if (getdiskrawname(rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), mntinfo->f_mntfromname)
461 		    == NULL)
462 			quite(errno, "can't get disk raw name for %s",
463 			    mntinfo->f_mntfromname);
464 		disk = rbuf;
465 		mountpoint = mntinfo->f_mntonname;
466 		msg("Found %s on %s in mount table\n", disk, mountpoint);
467 	}
468 	if (mountpoint != NULL) {
469 		if (dirc != 0)
470 			(void)snprintf(spcl.c_filesys, sizeof(spcl.c_filesys),
471 			    "a subset of %s", mountpoint);
472 		else
473 			(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_filesys, mountpoint,
474 			    sizeof(spcl.c_filesys));
475 	} else if (Fflag) {
476 		(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_filesys, "a file system image",
477 		    sizeof(spcl.c_filesys));
478 	} else {
479 		(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system",
480 		    sizeof(spcl.c_filesys));
481 	}
482 	(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, sizeof(spcl.c_dev));
483 	(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_label, labelstr, sizeof(spcl.c_label));
484 	(void)gethostname(spcl.c_host, sizeof(spcl.c_host));
485 	spcl.c_host[sizeof(spcl.c_host) - 1] = '\0';
486 
487 	if ((snap_backup != NULL || snap_internal) && mntinfo == NULL) {
488 		msg("WARNING: Cannot use -x or -X on unmounted file system.\n");
489 		snap_backup = NULL;
490 		snap_internal = 0;
491 	}
492 
493 #ifdef DUMP_LFS
494 	sync();
495 	if (snap_backup != NULL || snap_internal) {
496 		if (lfs_wrap_stop(mountpoint) < 0) {
497 			msg("Cannot stop writing on %s\n", mountpoint);
498 			exit(X_STARTUP);
499 		}
500 	}
501 	if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
502 		msg("Cannot open %s\n", disk);
503 		exit(X_STARTUP);
504 	}
505 	disk_dev = disk;
506 #else /* ! DUMP_LFS */
507 	if (snap_backup != NULL || snap_internal) {
508 		diskfd = snap_open(mntinfo->f_mntonname, snap_backup,
509 		    &tnow, &disk_dev);
510 		if (diskfd < 0) {
511 			msg("Cannot open snapshot of %s\n",
512 				mntinfo->f_mntonname);
513 			exit(X_STARTUP);
514 		}
515 		spcl.c_date = tnow;
516 	} else {
517 		if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
518 			msg("Cannot open %s\n", disk);
519 			exit(X_STARTUP);
520 		}
521 		disk_dev = disk;
522 	}
523 	sync();
524 #endif /* ! DUMP_LFS */
525 
526 	needswap = fs_read_sblock(sblock_buf);
527 
528 	/* true incremental is always a level 10 dump */
529 	spcl.c_level = trueinc? iswap32(10): iswap32(level - '0');
530 	spcl.c_type = iswap32(TS_TAPE);
531 	spcl.c_date = iswap32(spcl.c_date);
532 	spcl.c_ddate = iswap32(spcl.c_ddate);
533 	if (!Tflag)
534 		getdumptime();		/* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
535 
536 	date = iswap32(spcl.c_date);
537 	msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
538 		spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&date));
539 	date = iswap32(spcl.c_ddate);
540  	msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel,
541 		spcl.c_ddate == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&date));
542 	msg("Dumping ");
543 	if (snap_backup != NULL || snap_internal)
544 		msgtail("a snapshot of ");
545 	if (dirc != 0)
546 		msgtail("a subset of ");
547 	msgtail("%s (%s) ", disk, spcl.c_filesys);
548 	if (host)
549 		msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
550 	else
551 		msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
552 	msg("Label: %s\n", labelstr);
553 
554 	ufsib = fs_parametrize();
555 
556 	dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
557 	if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
558 		quit("dev_bsize (%ld) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
559 	tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
560 	if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
561 		quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
562 	maxino = fs_maxino();
563 	mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
564 	usedinomap = (char *)xcalloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
565 	dumpdirmap = (char *)xcalloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
566 	dumpinomap = (char *)xcalloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
567 	tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
568 
569 	nonodump = iswap32(spcl.c_level) < honorlevel;
570 
571 	initcache(readcache, readblksize);
572 
573 	(void)signal(SIGINFO, statussig);
574 
575 	msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
576 	anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize, mountpoint,
577 	    (dirc ? argv : NULL));
578 
579 	msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
580 	while (anydirskipped) {
581 		anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
582 	}
583 
584 	if (pipeout || unlimited) {
585 		tapesize += 10;	/* 10 trailer blocks */
586 		msg("estimated %llu tape blocks.\n",
587 		    (unsigned long long)tapesize);
588 	} else {
589 		double fetapes;
590 
591 		if (blocksperfile)
592 			fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
593 		else if (cartridge) {
594 			/* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
595 			   the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
596 			   Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
597 			   for with an artificially low tape size. */
598 			fetapes =
599 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
600 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes/block */
601 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte */
602 			  +
603 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
604 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* streaming-stops per block */
605 				* 15.48		/* 0.1" / streaming-stop */
606 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" */
607 		} else {
608 			/* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
609 			   tape */
610 			int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
611 			fetapes =
612 			(	  tapesize	/* blocks */
613 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes / block */
614 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte */
615 			  +
616 				  tapesize	/* blocks */
617 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* IRG's / block */
618 				* tenthsperirg	/* 0.1" / IRG */
619 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" */
620 		}
621 		etapes = fetapes;		/* truncating assignment */
622 		etapes++;
623 		/* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
624 		tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
625 			(howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
626 		tapesize += etapes + 10;	/* headers + 10 trailer blks */
627 		msg("estimated %llu tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
628 		    (unsigned long long)tapesize, fetapes);
629 	}
630 	/*
631 	 * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of
632 	 * tapes, exit now.
633 	 */
634 	if (just_estimate)
635 		exit(X_FINOK);
636 
637 	/*
638 	 * Allocate tape buffer.
639 	 */
640 	if (!alloctape())
641 		quit("can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller"
642 		    " blocking factor.");
643 
644 	startnewtape(1);
645 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
646 	xferrate = 0;
647 	dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
648 
649 	msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
650 	dirty = 0;		/* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
651 	for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
652 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
653 			dirty = *map++;
654 		else
655 			dirty >>= 1;
656 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
657 			continue;
658 		/*
659 		 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
660 		 */
661 		dp = getino(ino);
662 		if ((DIP(dp, mode) & IFMT) != IFDIR)
663 			continue;
664 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
665 	}
666 
667 	msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
668 	for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
669 		int mode;
670 
671 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
672 			dirty = *map++;
673 		else
674 			dirty >>= 1;
675 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
676 			continue;
677 		/*
678 		 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
679 		 */
680 		dp = getino(ino);
681 		mode = DIP(dp, mode) & IFMT;
682 		if (mode == IFDIR)
683 			continue;
684 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
685 	}
686 
687 	spcl.c_type = iswap32(TS_END);
688 	for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
689 		writeheader(maxino - 1);
690 	if (pipeout)
691 		msg("%lld tape blocks\n",(long long)iswap64(spcl.c_tapea));
692 	else
693 		msg("%lld tape blocks on %d volume%s\n",
694 		    (long long)iswap64(spcl.c_tapea), iswap32(spcl.c_volume),
695 		    (iswap32(spcl.c_volume) == 1) ? "" : "s");
696 	tnow = do_stats();
697 	date = iswap32(spcl.c_date);
698 	msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
699 		spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&date));
700 	msg("Date this dump completed:  %s", ctime(&tnow));
701 	msg("Average transfer rate: %d KB/s\n", xferrate / tapeno);
702 	putdumptime();
703 	trewind(0);
704 	broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n");
705 #ifdef DUMP_LFS
706 	lfs_wrap_go();
707 #endif /* DUMP_LFS */
708 	msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
709 	Exit(X_FINOK);
710 	/* NOTREACHED */
711 	exit(X_FINOK);		/* XXX: to satisfy gcc */
712 }
713 
714 static void
715 usage(void)
716 {
717 	const char *prog = getprogname();
718 
719 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
720 "usage: %s [-0123456789aceFinStuX] [-B records] [-b blocksize]\n"
721 "            [-d density] [-f file] [-h level] [-k read-blocksize]\n"
722 "            [-L label] [-l timeout] [-r cachesize] [-s feet]\n"
723 "            [-T date] [-U dumpdev] [-x snap-backup] files-to-dump\n"
724 "       %s [-W | -w]\n", prog, prog);
725 	exit(X_STARTUP);
726 }
727 
728 /*
729  * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
730  * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
731  */
732 static long
733 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
734 {
735 	char *p;
736 	long val;
737 
738 	val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
739 	if (*p)
740 		errx(X_STARTUP, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
741 	if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
742 		errx(X_STARTUP, "%s must be between %ld and %ld",
743 		    meaning, vmin, vmax);
744 	return (val);
745 }
746 
747 void
748 sig(int signo)
749 {
750 
751 	switch(signo) {
752 	case SIGALRM:
753 	case SIGBUS:
754 	case SIGFPE:
755 	case SIGHUP:
756 	case SIGTERM:
757 	case SIGTRAP:
758 		if (pipeout)
759 			quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover");
760 		msg("Rewriting attempted as response to signal %s.\n", sys_siglist[signo]);
761 		(void)fflush(stderr);
762 		(void)fflush(stdout);
763 		close_rewind();
764 		exit(X_REWRITE);
765 		/* NOTREACHED */
766 	case SIGSEGV:
767 		msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
768 		(void)signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
769 		(void)kill(0, SIGSEGV);
770 		/* NOTREACHED */
771 	}
772 }
773 
774 /*
775  * obsolete --
776  *	Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
777  *	getopt(3) will like.
778  */
779 static void
780 obsolete(int *argcp, char **argvp[])
781 {
782 	int argc, flags;
783 	char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p;
784 
785 	/* Setup. */
786 	argv = *argvp;
787 	argc = *argcp;
788 
789 	/* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */
790 	ap = argv[1];
791 	if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-')
792 		return;
793 
794 	/* Allocate space for new arguments. */
795 	*argvp = nargv = xmalloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *));
796 	p = flagsp = xmalloc(strlen(ap) + 2);
797 
798 	*nargv++ = *argv;
799 	argv += 2;
800 
801 	for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
802 		switch (*ap) {
803 		case 'B':
804 		case 'b':
805 		case 'd':
806 		case 'f':
807 		case 'h':
808 		case 's':
809 		case 'T':
810 		case 'x':
811 			if (*argv == NULL) {
812 				warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
813 				usage();
814 			}
815 			nargv[0] = xmalloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1);
816 			nargv[0][0] = '-';
817 			nargv[0][1] = *ap;
818 			(void)strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv); /* XXX safe strcpy */
819 			++argv;
820 			++nargv;
821 			break;
822 		default:
823 			if (!flags) {
824 				*p++ = '-';
825 				flags = 1;
826 			}
827 			*p++ = *ap;
828 			break;
829 		}
830 	}
831 
832 	/* Terminate flags. */
833 	if (flags) {
834 		*p = '\0';
835 		*nargv++ = flagsp;
836 	} else
837 		free(flagsp);
838 
839 	/* Copy remaining arguments. */
840 	while ((*nargv++ = *argv++) != NULL)
841 		;
842 
843 	/* Update argument count. */
844 	*argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;
845 }
846 
847 
848 void *
849 xcalloc(size_t number, size_t size)
850 {
851 	void *p;
852 
853 	p = calloc(number, size);
854 	if (p == NULL)
855 		quite(errno, "Can't allocate %zu bytes", size * number);
856 	return (p);
857 }
858 
859 void *
860 xmalloc(size_t size)
861 {
862 	void *p;
863 
864 	p = malloc(size);
865 	if (p == NULL)
866 		quite(errno, "Can't allocate %zu bytes", size);
867 	return (p);
868 }
869 
870 char *
871 xstrdup(const char *str)
872 {
873 	char *p;
874 
875 	p = strdup(str);
876 	if (p == NULL)
877 		quite(errno, "Can't copy %s", str);
878 	return (p);
879 }
880