[mlir] Update method cast calls to function calls

The MLIR classes Type/Attribute/Operation/Op/Value support
cast/dyn_cast/isa/dyn_cast_or_null functionality through llvm's doCast
functionality in a

[mlir] Update method cast calls to function calls

The MLIR classes Type/Attribute/Operation/Op/Value support
cast/dyn_cast/isa/dyn_cast_or_null functionality through llvm's doCast
functionality in addition to defining methods with the same name.
This change begins the migration of uses of the method to the
corresponding function call as has been decided as more consistent.

Note that there still exist classes that only define methods directly,
such as AffineExpr, and this does not include work currently to support
a functional cast/isa call.

Context:

* https://mlir.llvm.org/deprecation/ at "Use the free function variants for dyn_cast/cast/isa/…"
* Original discussion at https://discourse.llvm.org/t/preferred-casting-style-going-forward/68443

Implementation:
This follows a previous patch that updated calls
`op.cast<T>()-> cast<T>(op)`. However some cases could not handle an
unprefixed `cast` call due to occurrences of variables named cast, or
occurring inside of class definitions which would resolve to the method.
All C++ files that did not work automatically with `cast<T>()` are
updated here to `llvm::cast` and similar with the intention that they
can be easily updated after the methods are removed through a
find-replace.

See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/compare/main...tpopp:llvm-project:tidy-cast-check
for the clang-tidy check that is used and then update printed
occurrences of the function to include `llvm::` before.

One can then run the following:
```
ninja -C $BUILD_DIR clang-tidy

run-clang-tidy -clang-tidy-binary=$BUILD_DIR/bin/clang-tidy -checks='-*,misc-cast-functions'\
-export-fixes /tmp/cast/casts.yaml mlir/*\
-header-filter=mlir/ -fix

rm -rf $BUILD_DIR/tools/mlir/**/*.inc
```

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D150348

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[mlir] Make ElementsAttr inherit from TypedAttr

This allows implicit conversion from `ElementsAttr` to `TypedAttr`, but
required renaming the `ElementsAttr::getType()` interface method to
`getShaped

[mlir] Make ElementsAttr inherit from TypedAttr

This allows implicit conversion from `ElementsAttr` to `TypedAttr`, but
required renaming the `ElementsAttr::getType()` interface method to
`getShapedType`.

Reviewed By: rriddle

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D148492

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[mlir] Remove types from attributes

This patch removes the `type` field from `Attribute` along with the
`Attribute::getType` accessor.

Going forward, this means that attributes in MLIR will no long

[mlir] Remove types from attributes

This patch removes the `type` field from `Attribute` along with the
`Attribute::getType` accessor.

Going forward, this means that attributes in MLIR will no longer have
types as a first-class concept. This patch lays the groundwork to
incrementally remove or refactor code that relies on generic attributes
being typed. The immediate impact will be on attributes that rely on
`Attribute` containing a type, such as `IntegerAttr`,
`DenseElementsAttr`, and `ml_program::ExternAttr`, which will now need
to define a type parameter on their storage classes. This will save
memory as all other attribute kinds will no longer contain a type.

Moreover, it will not be possible to generically query the type of an
attribute directly. This patch provides an attribute interface
`TypedAttr` that implements only one method, `getType`, which can be
used to generically query the types of attributes that implement the
interface. This interface can be used to retain the concept of a "typed
attribute". The ODS-generated accessor for a `type` parameter
automatically implements this method.

Next steps will be to refactor the assembly formats of certain operations
that rely on `parseAttribute(type)` and `printAttributeWithoutType` to
remove special handling of type elision until `type` can be removed from
the dialect parsing hook entirely; and incrementally remove uses of
`TypedAttr`.

Reviewed By: lattner, rriddle, jpienaar

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D130092

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[mlir] Refactor ElementsAttr's value access API

There are several aspects of the API that either aren't easy to use, or are
deceptively easy to do the wrong thing. The main change of this commit
is

[mlir] Refactor ElementsAttr's value access API

There are several aspects of the API that either aren't easy to use, or are
deceptively easy to do the wrong thing. The main change of this commit
is to remove all of the `getValue<T>`/`getFlatValue<T>` from ElementsAttr
and instead provide operator[] methods on the ranges returned by
`getValues<T>`. This provides a much more convenient API for the value
ranges. It also removes the easy-to-be-inefficient nature of
getValue/getFlatValue, which under the hood would construct a new range for
the type `T`. Constructing a range is not necessarily cheap in all cases, and
could lead to very poor performance if used within a loop; i.e. if you were to
naively write something like:

```
DenseElementsAttr attr = ...;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
// We are internally rebuilding the APFloat value range on each iteration!!
APFloat it = attr.getFlatValue<APFloat>(i);
}
```

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D113229

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[mlir][RFC] Refactor layout representation in MemRefType

The change is based on the proposal from the following discussion:
https://llvm.discourse.group/t/rfc-memreftype-affine-maps-list-vs-single-i

[mlir][RFC] Refactor layout representation in MemRefType

The change is based on the proposal from the following discussion:
https://llvm.discourse.group/t/rfc-memreftype-affine-maps-list-vs-single-item/3968

* Introduce `MemRefLayoutAttr` interface to get `AffineMap` from an `Attribute`
(`AffineMapAttr` implements this interface).
* Store layout as a single generic `MemRefLayoutAttr`.

This change removes the affine map composition feature and related API.
Actually, while the `MemRefType` itself supported it, almost none of the upstream
can work with more than 1 affine map in `MemRefType`.

The introduced `MemRefLayoutAttr` allows to re-implement this feature
in a more stable way - via separate attribute class.

Also the interface allows to use different layout representations rather than affine maps.
For example, the described "stride + offset" form, which is currently supported in ASM parser only,
can now be expressed as separate attribute.

Reviewed By: ftynse, bondhugula

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D111553

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[mlir] Refactor ElementsAttr into an AttrInterface

This revision refactors ElementsAttr into an Attribute Interface.
This enables a common interface with which to interact with
element attributes, w

[mlir] Refactor ElementsAttr into an AttrInterface

This revision refactors ElementsAttr into an Attribute Interface.
This enables a common interface with which to interact with
element attributes, without needing to modify the builtin
dialect. It also removes a majority (if not all?) of the need for
the current OpaqueElementsAttr, which was originally intended as
a way to opaquely represent data that was not representable by
the other builtin constructs.

The new ElementsAttr interface not only allows for users to
natively represent their data in the way that best suits them,
it also allows for efficient opaque access and iteration of the
underlying data. Attributes using the ElementsAttr interface
can directly expose support for interacting with the held
elements using any C++ data type they claim to support. For
example, DenseIntOrFpElementsAttr supports iteration using
various native C++ integer/float data types, as well as
APInt/APFloat, and more. ElementsAttr instances that refer to
DenseIntOrFpElementsAttr can use all of these data types for
iteration:

```c++
DenseIntOrFpElementsAttr intElementsAttr = ...;

ElementsAttr attr = intElementsAttr;
for (uint64_t value : attr.getValues<uint64_t>())
...;
for (APInt value : attr.getValues<APInt>())
...;
for (IntegerAttr value : attr.getValues<IntegerAttr>())
...;
```

ElementsAttr also supports failable range/iterator access,
allowing for selective code paths depending on data type
support:

```c++
ElementsAttr attr = ...;
if (auto range = attr.tryGetValues<uint64_t>()) {
for (uint64_t value : *range)
...;
}
```

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109190

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