1.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.143 2024/03/17 22:05:23 wiz Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" @(#)hier.7 8.5 (Berkeley) 6/1/94 31.\" 32.Dd March 17, 2024 33.Dt HIER 7 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm hier 37.Nd layout of file systems 38.Sh DESCRIPTION 39An outline of the file system hierarchy. 40.Pp 41Naming is very important. 42The 43.Ux 44System relies on filename conventions for much of its power as a system. 45The following file system layout describes generally where things are 46and what they are, with references to other man pages for more detailed 47documentation. 48.Pp 49Not all files will be in every system. 50.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 51.It Pa \&/ 52Root directory of the system. 53.It Pa /COPYRIGHT 54System copyright notice, most often put on CD-ROM distributions. 55.It Pa "/[a-z]/" 56User file systems. 57.It Pa /altroot/ 58Alternate root file system, in case of disaster. 59.\" .It Pa /amd/ 60.\" Home directories mount point; see 61.\" .Xr amd 8 . 62.It Pa /bin/ 63Utilities used in both single and multi-user environments. 64.It Pa /boot* 65Second-stage boot loader(s) for some platforms; see 66.Xr installboot 8 . 67.It Pa /cdrom/ 68Empty directory commonly used by 69system administrators as a temporary mount point for ISO-9660 file 70systems on CD (or DVD) media. 71.It Pa /dev/ 72Block, character, and other special device files. 73.Pp 74.Bl -tag -width "MAKEDEV" -compact 75.It Pa MAKEDEV 76Script for creating device files; 77see 78.Xr makedev 8 . 79.It Pa console 80The computer's console device. 81.It Pa drum 82The computer's swap space device; see 83.Xr drum 4 . 84.It Pa fd/ 85File descriptor files; 86see 87.Xr fd 4 . 88.It Pa klog 89Kernel logging device; see 90.Xr syslog 3 . 91.It Pa kmem 92Kernel virtual memory device; see 93.Xr mem 4 . 94.It Pa log 95.Ux 96domain datagram log socket; see 97.Xr syslogd 8 . 98.It Pa mem 99Kernel physical memory device; see 100.Xr mem 4 . 101.It Pa null 102The null device; see 103.Xr null 4 . 104.It Pa pts/ 105Mount point for the pseudo-terminal device file system; see 106.Xr mount_ptyfs 8 . 107.It Pa stderr 108.It Pa stdin 109.It Pa stdout 110File descriptor files; 111see 112.Xr fd 4 . 113.It Pa tty 114Device pointing to each process's own controlling terminal; see 115.Xr tty 4 . 116.It Pa zero 117The zero device; see 118.Xr zero 4 . 119.El 120.\" .It Pa /dump/ 121.\" Online 122.\" .Xr dump 8 123.\" repository. 124.It Pa /etc/ 125System configuration files and scripts. 126.Pp 127.Bl -tag -width "master.passwd" -compact 128.It Pa amd* 129Configuration files for 130.Xr amd 8 . 131.It Pa changelist 132Files backed up by the 133.Pa security 134script. 135.It Pa crontab 136Schedule used by the 137.Xr cron 8 138daemon. 139.It Pa csh.cshrc 140.It Pa csh.login 141.It Pa csh.logout 142System-wide scripts for 143.Xr csh 1 . 144.It Pa daily 145Script run each day by 146.Xr cron 8 . 147.It Pa daily.conf 148Configuration file for 149.Pa daily ; 150see 151.Xr daily.conf 5 . 152.It Pa defaults/ 153Default configuration files read by various 154.Pa /etc/*.conf 155files. 156.It Pa disktab 157Disk description file; see 158.Xr disktab 5 . 159.It Pa dm.conf 160Dungeon master configuration; see 161.Xr dm.conf 5 . 162.It Pa dumpdates 163Dump history; see 164.Xr dump 8 . 165.It Pa exports 166File system export information; see 167.Xr mountd 8 . 168.It Pa fstab 169File system mounting table; see 170.Xr fstab 5 171and 172.Xr mount 8 . 173.It Pa ftpusers 174Users denied 175.Xr ftp 1 176access; see 177.Xr ftpd 8 . 178.It Pa ftpwelcome 179.Xr ftp 1 180initial message; see 181.Xr ftpd 8 . 182.It Pa gettytab 183Terminal configuration database; see 184.Xr gettytab 5 . 185.It Pa group 186Group permissions file; see 187.Xr group 5 . 188.It Pa hosts 189Host name database backup for 190.Xr named 8 ; 191see 192.Xr hosts 5 . 193.It Pa hosts.equiv 194Trusted machines with equivalent user IDs. 195(Obsolete.) 196.It Pa hosts.lpd 197Trusted machines with printing privileges. 198.It Pa inetd.conf 199Internet server configuration file; see 200.Xr inetd 8 . 201.It Pa kerberosV/ 202Configuration files for Kerberos version V; 203see 204.Xr kerberos 8 . 205.It Pa localtime 206Local time zone; 207see 208.Xr ctime 3 . 209.It Pa login.conf 210Configuration of user classes and limits; see 211.Xr login.conf 5 . 212.It Pa mail/ 213Configuration files for 214.Xr sendmail 1 . 215.Pp 216.Bl -tag -width "sendmail.*" -compact 217.It Pa aliases* 218Username alias files. 219.It Pa sendmail.* 220.Xr sendmail 1 221configuration information. 222.El 223.It Pa mail.rc 224System-wide initialization script for 225.Xr mail 1 . 226.It Pa man.conf 227Configuration file for 228.Xr man 1 ; 229see 230.Xr man.conf 5 . 231.It Pa master.passwd 232Main password file, readable only by root; see 233.Xr passwd 5 . 234.It Pa mk.conf 235Optional file containing 236.Xr make 1 237variables, used to configure pkgsrc and the system sources. 238.It Pa monthly 239Script run each month by 240.Xr cron 8 . 241.It Pa monthly.conf 242Configuration file for 243.Pa monthly ; 244see 245.Xr monthly.conf 5 . 246.It Pa motd 247System message of the day. 248.It Pa mtree/ 249.Xr mtree 8 250configuration files. 251.It Pa named.* 252.It Pa namedb/ 253.Xr named 8 254configuration files and databases. 255.It Pa netgroup 256Network groups; see 257.Xr netgroup 5 . 258.It Pa networks 259Network name database; see 260.Xr networks 5 . 261.It Pa openssl/ 262OpenSSL TLS trust anchors, configuration file, private keys, and 263more. 264Returned by 265.Xr X509_get_default_cert_area 3 . 266.Bl -tag -width "certs/" -compact 267.It Pa certs/ 268Hashed directory of trust anchors for TLS certificate validation. 269Managed by 270.Xr certctl 8 271according to 272.Pa certs.conf . 273See 274.Xr openssl_rehash 1 . 275Returned by 276.Xr X509_get_default_cert_dir 3 . 277.It Pa certs/ca-certificates.crt 278Bundle of TLS anchors in PEM format formed by concatenation of 279PEM-format certificates. 280Managed by 281.Xr certctl 8 282according to 283.Pa certs.conf . 284.It Pa certs.conf 285Configuration file for 286.Xr certctl 8 . 287.It Pa misc/ 288Miscellaneous OpenSSL scripts. 289Unused in 290.Nx 291base. 292.It Pa openssl.cnf 293Optional default OpenSSL configuration file. 294See 295.Xr openssl_config 5 . 296Returned by 297.Xr CONF_get1_default_config_file 3 . 298.It Pa private/ 299Private key area. 300Read/write/execute permitted only by root. 301Unused in 302.Nx 303base. 304Returned by 305.Xr X509_get_default_private_dir 3 . 306.El 307.It Pa passwd 308World readable password file generated from master.passwd; see 309.Xr passwd 5 , 310.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 . 311.It Pa phones 312Remote host telephone number data base; see 313.Xr phones 5 . 314.It Pa printcap 315Printer configuration for 316.Xr lpr 1 ; 317see 318.Xr printcap 5 . 319.It Pa profile 320System-wide scripts for 321.Xr sh 1 . 322.It Pa protocols 323Protocol name database; see 324.Xr protocols 5 . 325.It Pa pwd.db 326Database form of passwd file; see 327.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 . 328.It Pa rc 329Master system startup script invoked by 330.Xr init 8 ; 331see 332.Xr rc 8 . 333.It Pa rc.conf 334Configuration file for system startup and shutdown scripts; see 335.Xr rc.conf 5 . 336.It Pa rc.d/ 337Directory containing per-subsystem startup and shutdown scripts; see 338.Xr rc 8 . 339.It Pa rc.local 340Locally editable system startup script. 341.It Pa rc.shutdown 342Master system shutdown script invoked by 343.Xr shutdown 8 ; 344see 345.Xr rc 8 . 346.It Pa remote 347Remote host description file; see 348.Xr remote 5 . 349.It Pa security 350Daily (in)security script run by 351.Xr cron 8 . 352.It Pa security.conf 353Configuration file for 354.Pa security ; 355see 356.Xr security.conf 5 . 357.It Pa services 358Service name data base; see 359.Xr services 5 . 360.It Pa shells 361List of permitted shells; see 362.Xr shells 5 . 363.It Pa skel/ 364Sample initialization files for new user accounts. 365.It Pa sliphome/ 366SLIP login/logout scripts; see 367.Xr sliplogin 8 . 368.It Pa spwd.db 369Database form of master.passwd file; see 370.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 . 371.It Pa syslog.conf 372.Xr syslogd 8 373Configuration file; see 374.Xr syslog.conf 5 . 375.It Pa ttyaction 376Login hooks for specific ttys, typically used to chown console 377devices. 378See 379.Xr ttyaction 5 . 380.It Pa ttys 381Terminal initialization information; see 382.Xr ttys 5 . 383.It Pa weekly 384Script run each week by 385.Xr cron 8 . 386.It Pa weekly.conf 387Configuration file for 388.Pa weekly ; 389see 390.Xr weekly.conf 5 . 391.El 392.It Pa /home/ 393Default location for user home directories. 394.It Pa /kern/ 395Mount point for the kern file system; see 396.Xr mount_kernfs 8 . 397.It Pa /lib/ 398Dynamic linked libraries used by dynamically linked programs 399that cannot rely upon 400.Pa /usr/lib/ 401being available, such as those in 402.Pa /bin/ 403and 404.Pa /sbin/ . 405.It Pa /libdata/ 406Non-executable files 407.Pq such as device firmware 408required at boot time, when 409.Pa /usr/libdata 410may not be available. 411.It Pa /libexec/ 412System utilities (such as the dynamic linker) required by programs 413and libraries that cannot rely upon 414.Pa /usr/libexec/ 415being available. 416.It Pa /mnt/ 417Empty directory commonly used by 418system administrators as a temporary mount point. 419.It Pa /net/ 420automounted NFS shares; 421see 422.Xr auto_master 5 423.It Pa /netbsd 424Kernel executable image (the operating system loaded into memory 425at boot time). 426.It Pa /proc/ 427Mount point for the process file system; see 428.Xr mount_procfs 8 . 429.It Pa /rescue/ 430Statically linked rescue tools, for use in system recovery. 431.It Pa /root/ 432Home directory for the super-user. 433.Pp 434.Bl -tag -width ".profile" -compact 435.It Pa \&.cshrc 436Super-user start-up file for 437.Xr csh 1 . 438.It Pa \&.login 439super-user start-up file for 440.Xr csh 1 . 441.It Pa \&.profile 442super-user start-up file for 443.Xr sh 1 . 444.It Pa \&.rhosts 445Super-user id mapping between machines. 446(Obsolete.) 447.El 448.It Pa /sbin/ 449System programs and administration utilities 450used in both single-user and multi-user environments. 451.It Pa /stand/ 452Programs used in a standalone environment, that is, things that run on 453bare hardware without a kernel. 454Currently kernel modules are also placed here, although this remains 455somewhat controversial and they may yet get moved. 456.It Pa /tmp/ 457Temporary files. 458The contents of 459.Pa /tmp 460are usually 461.Em not 462preserved across a system reboot. 463.It Pa /usr/ 464Contains the majority of the system utilities and files. 465.Pp 466.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 467.It Pa X11R7/ 468X11 files (for X11 revision 7). 469.Pp 470.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 471.It Pa bin/ 472X11 binaries. 473.It Pa include/ 474X11 include files. 475.It Pa lib/ 476X11 libraries. 477.El 478.Pp 479.It Pa bin/ 480Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 481.It Pa games/ 482The important stuff. 483.It Pa include/ 484Standard C (and extension) include files. 485.Pp 486.Bl -tag -width "protocols/" -compact 487.It Pa arpa/ 488Include files for Internet service protocols. 489.It Pa atf/ 490Include files for the Automated Testing Framework; see 491.Xr atf 7 . 492.It Pa g++/ 493Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 494.It Pa machine/ 495Machine specific include files. 496.It Pa net/ 497Miscellaneous network include files. 498.It Pa netatalk/ 499C include files for AppleTalk protocols 500see 501.Xr atalk 4 . 502.It Pa netinet/ 503Include files for Internet standard protocols; see 504.Xr inet 4 . 505.It Pa netinet6/ 506Include files for Internet protocol version 6; see 507.Xr inet6 4 . 508.It Pa netipsec/ 509Include files for secret key management, used for security protocols; see 510.Xr ipsec 4 . 511.It Pa nfs/ 512C include files for NFS (Network File System). 513.It Pa protocols/ 514C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 515.It Pa sys/ 516``System-level'' C include files. 517.It Pa ufs/ 518C include files for several mutually related file systems. 519(The `u' was originally for 520.Ux . ) 521.El 522.Pp 523.It Pa lib/ 524Archive, profiled, position independent archive, and shared libraries. 525.Pp 526.Bl -tag -width "lua/" -compact 527.It Pa lua/ 528.Bl -tag -width "5.3/" -compact 529.It Pa 5.3/ 530Lua 5.3 modules. 531.El 532.El 533.Pp 534.It Pa libdata/ 535Miscellaneous utility data files. 536.It Pa libexec/ 537System daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs). 538.Pp 539.It Pa mdec/ 540Boot blocks, etc. 541.It Pa obj/ 542Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the 543.Pa /usr/src 544tree; often a symbolic link or mounted file system. 545.It Pa pkg/ 546Installed third-party software packages. 547.Pp 548.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 549.It Pa bin/ 550Package binaries. 551.It Pa etc/ 552Package configuration files. 553.It Pa include/ 554Package include files. 555.It Pa lib/ 556Package libraries. 557.It Pa libdata/ 558Package data files. 559.It Pa libexec/ 560Package daemons. 561.It Pa sbin/ 562Package system utilities. 563.El 564.Pp 565.It Pa pkgsrc/ 566Build descriptions (packaging) for the 567.Nx 568package system. 569.Pp 570.Bl -tag -width "distfilesX" -compact 571.It Pa distfiles/ 572Downloaded upstream source archives. 573.It Pa packages/ 574Compiled binary packages. 575.El 576.Pp 577There are also several other subdirectories which contain packages of 578a certain category, e.g., archivers, graphics, ... 579.Pp 580.It Pa sbin/ 581System daemons and system utilities (normally executed by the super-user). 582.It Pa share/ 583Architecture-independent files, mostly text. 584.Pp 585.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 586.It Pa calendar/ 587A variety of calendar files; see 588.Xr calendar 1 . 589.It Pa certs/mozilla/ 590X.509 certificates from Mozilla's curated set of certificate 591authorities (CAs), 592.Pa certdata.txt , 593in PEM format. 594See 595.%U https://wiki.mozilla.org/CA/Included_Certificates 596for details. 597Used by 598.Xr certctl 8 599to populate OpenSSL trust anchors at 600.Pa /etc/openssl/certs . 601.Bl -tag -width "server/" -compact 602.It Pa all/ 603Certificates of all CAs in Mozilla 604.Pa certdata.txt , 605for all purposes, including CAs Mozilla may no longer trust. 606.It Pa code/ 607Certificates of CAs trusted by Mozilla for code-signing. 608.It Pa email/ 609Certificates of CAs trusted by Mozilla for email with S/MIME. 610.It Pa code/ 611Certificates of CAs trusted by Mozilla for TLS server authentication. 612.El 613.It Pa dict/ 614Word lists; 615see 616.Xr look 1 617and 618.Xr spell 1 . 619.Pp 620.Bl -tag -width "special/" -compact 621.It Pa words 622Common words. 623.It Pa web2 624Words from Webster's Second International Dictionary. 625.It Pa papers/ 626Reference databases; 627see 628.Xr refer 1 . 629.It Pa special/ 630Custom word lists; 631see 632.Xr spell 1 . 633.El 634.Pp 635.It Pa doc/ 636Miscellaneous documentation. 637.It Pa games/ 638Data files used by various games. 639.It Pa i18n/ 640internationalization databases; see 641.Xr iconv 3 . 642.It Pa locale/ 643Locale databases and gettext message catalogs; see 644.Xr setlocale 3 645and 646.Xr gettext 3 . 647.It Pa man/ 648Manual pages. 649.It Pa me/ 650Macros for use with the 651.Xr me 7 652roff macro package. 653.It Pa misc/ 654Miscellaneous system-wide text files. 655.Pp 656.Bl -tag -width "terminfo.cdb" -compact 657.It Pa terminfo 658Terminal characteristics database; 659see 660.Xr terminfo 5 . 661.It Pa terminfo.cdb 662database form of terminfo file; see 663.Xr tic 1 . 664.El 665.Pp 666.It Pa mk/ 667Include files for 668.Xr make 1 . 669.It Pa ms/ 670Macros for use with the 671.Xr ms 7 672roff macro package. 673.It Pa nls/ 674Message catalogs; see 675.Xr catgets 3 . 676.It Pa tmac/ 677Text processing macros; 678see 679.Xr nroff 1 680and 681.Xr troff 1 . 682.It Pa zoneinfo/ 683Time zone database; 684see 685.Xr tzfile 5 . 686.El 687.It Pa tests/ 688Test programs; see 689.Xr tests 7 690for information on how to run them. 691.El 692.It Pa /usr/src/ 693.Nx 694and local source files. 695.Pp 696.Bl -tag -width "domestic/" -compact 697.It Pa bin/ 698Source for utilities/files in 699.Pa /bin . 700.It Pa common/ 701Sources shared between kernel and userland. 702.It Pa crypto/ 703Cryptographic source, which may have import or export restrictions. 704.It Pa dist/ 705Third-party 706.Sq virgin 707source code, referenced by other parts of the source tree. 708(Deprecated; use 709.Pa external/ 710instead.) 711.It Pa distrib/ 712Tools and data files for making 713.Nx 714releases and distributions. 715.It Pa doc/ 716Documentation about the source tree (i.e., about the tree, not about 717how to use the software in the tree.) 718.It Pa etc/ 719Source (usually example files) for files in 720.Pa /etc . 721.It Pa external/ 722Source for programs from external third parties 723(where 724.Nx 725is the not the primary maintainer), 726grouped by license, and then products per license. 727.Pp 728.Bl -tag -width "intel-fw-public/" -compact 729.It Pa apache2/ 730Apache 2.0 license. 731.It Pa bsd/ 732BSD (or equivalent) licensed software, 733possibly with the 734.Dq advertising clause . 735.It Pa broadcom/ 736Broadcom firmware license. 737.It Pa cddl/ 738Common Development and Distribution License (the Sun license which is 739based on the Mozilla Public License version 1.1). 740.It Pa gpl2/ 741GNU Public License, version 2 (or earlier). 742.It Pa gpl3/ 743GNU Public License, version 3. 744.It Pa historical/ 745Lucent's old license. 746.It Pa ibm-public/ 747IBM's public license. 748.It Pa intel-fw-eula/ 749Intel firmware license with redistribution restricted to OEM. 750.It Pa intel-fw-public/ 751Intel firmware license permitting redistribution with 752terms similar to BSD licensed software. 753.It Pa intel-public/ 754Intel license permitting redistribution with terms similar to 755BSD licensed software. 756.It Pa lgpl3/ 757GNU lesser general public license, version 3. 758.It Pa mit/ 759MIT (X11) style license. 760.It Pa mpl/ 761Mozilla Public License. 762.It Pa zlib/ 763BSD-like zlib license. 764.El 765.Pp 766.It Pa games/ 767Source for utilities/files in 768.Pa /usr/games . 769.It Pa include/ 770Source for files in 771.Pa /usr/include . 772.It Pa lib/ 773Source for libraries in 774.Pa /usr/lib . 775.It Pa libexec/ 776Source for utilities/files in 777.Pa /usr/libexec . 778.It Pa regress/ 779Various legacy regression tests. 780.It Pa rescue/ 781Source/makefiles for 782.Pa /rescue . 783.It Pa sbin/ 784Source for utilities/files in 785.Pa /sbin . 786.It Pa share/ 787Source for files in 788.Pa /usr/share . 789.Pp 790.Bl -tag -width "doc/" -compact 791.It Pa doc/ 792.Pp 793.Bl -tag -width "papers/" -compact 794.It Pa papers/ 795Source for various historical technical papers (many from Berkeley). 796.It Pa psd/ 797Source for Programmer's Supplementary Documents. 798.It Pa smm/ 799Source for System Manager's Manual. 800.It Pa usd/ 801Source for User's Supplementary Documents. 802.El 803.El 804.It Pa sys/ 805Kernel source files. 806.Pp 807.Bl -tag -width "gdbscripts/" -compact 808.It Pa arch/ 809Architecture-specific support. 810.Pp 811.Bl -tag -width "playstation2/" -compact 812.It Pa acorn32/ 813Acorn RiscPC/A7000 and VLSI RC7500. 814.It Pa algor/ 815Algorithmics Ltd. MIPS evaluations boards. 816.It Pa alpha/ 817Digital/Compaq Alpha. 818.It Pa amd64/ 819Computers with x86_64 capable CPUs. 820.It Pa amiga/ 821Commodore Amiga and MacroSystem DraCo. 822.It Pa amigappc/ 823PowerPC based Amiga boards. 824.It Pa arc/ 825MIPS-based machines following the Advanced RISC Computing spec. 826.It Pa arm/ 827ARM processor general support. 828.It Pa atari/ 829Atari TT030, Falcon and Hades. 830.It Pa bebox/ 831Be Inc. BeBox. 832.It Pa cats/ 833Chalice Technology's CATS and Intel's EBSA-285 evaluation boards. 834.It Pa cesfic/ 835CES FIC8234 VME processor board. 836.It Pa cobalt/ 837Cobalt Networks' MIPS-based Microserver. 838.It Pa dreamcast/ 839Sega Dreamcast game console. 840.It Pa emips/ 841Machines based on Extensible MIPS. 842.It Pa evbarm/ 843ARM based evaluation boards. 844.It Pa evbmips/ 845MIPS based evaluation boards. 846.It Pa evbppc/ 847PowerPC based evaluation boards and appliances. 848.It Pa evbsh3/ 849SH3/SH4 based evaluation boards. 850.It Pa ews4800mips/ 851NEC's MIPS based EWS4800 workstations. 852.It Pa hp300/ 853Hewlett-Packard 9000/300 and 400 680x0-based workstations. 854.It Pa hppa/ 855Hewlett-Packard 9000/700 and 9000/800 HPPA based workstations. 856.It Pa hpcarm/ 857StrongARM based WinCE PDA machines. 858.It Pa hpcmips/ 859MIPS based WinCE PDA machines. 860.It Pa hpcsh/ 861Hitachi SH3/4 based WinCE PDA machines. 862.It Pa hppa/ 863HPPA processor general support. 864.It Pa i386/ 86532-bit 80x86-based IBM PCs and clones. 866.It Pa ibmnws/ 867IBM Network Station 1000. 868.It Pa iyonix/ 869Castle Technology's Iyonix ARM based PCs. 870.It Pa luna68k/ 871Omron Tateishi Electric's 680x0-based LUNA workstations. 872.It Pa m68k/ 873680x0 processor general support. 874.It Pa mac68k/ 875Apple Macintosh with 68k CPU. 876.It Pa macppc/ 877Apple Power Macintosh and clones. 878.It Pa mips/ 879MIPS processor general support. 880.It Pa mipsco/ 881MIPS Computer Systems Inc. family of workstations and servers. 882.It Pa mmeye/ 883Brains Inc. SH3 based mmEye multimedia server. 884.It Pa mvme68k/ 885Motorola MVME 680x0-based SBCs. 886.It Pa mvmeppc/ 887Motorola PowerPC VME SBCs. 888.It Pa netwinder/ 889StrongARM based NetWinder machines. 890.It Pa news68k/ 891Sony's 680x0-based NEWS workstations. 892.It Pa newsmips/ 893Sony's MIPS-based NEWS workstations. 894.It Pa next68k/ 895NeXT 68k "black" hardware. 896.It Pa ofppc/ 897Open Firmware PowerPC workstations. 898.It Pa playstation2/ 899SONY PlayStation 2. 900.It Pa pmax/ 901Digital MIPS-based DECstations and DECsystems. 902.It Pa powerpc/ 903PowerPC processor general support. 904.It Pa prep/ 905PReP (PowerPC Reference Platform) and CHRP (Common Hardware Reference 906Platform) machines. 907.It Pa sandpoint/ 908Motorola Sandpoint reference platform. 909.It Pa sbmips/ 910Broadcom/SiByte evaluation boards. 911.It Pa sgimips/ 912Silicon Graphics' MIPS-based workstations. 913.It Pa sh3/ 914SH3/SH4 processor general support. 915.It Pa shark/ 916Digital DNARD ("Shark"). 917.It Pa sparc/ 918Sun Microsystems SPARC (32-bit) and UltraSPARC (in 32-bit mode). 919.It Pa sparc64/ 920Sun Microsystems UltraSPARC (in native 64-bit mode). 921.It Pa sun2/ 922Sun Microsystems 68010-based Sun 2 architecture. 923.It Pa sun3/ 924Sun Microsystems 68020/68030-based Sun 3/3x architecture. 925.It Pa sun68k/ 926680x0-based Sun architecture general support. 927.It Pa vax/ 928Digital VAX. 929.It Pa x68k/ 930Sharp X680x0 680x0-based workstations. 931.It Pa x86/ 932General support for PC/AT compatibles with ia32 or x86_64 CPUs. 933.It Pa xen/ 934The Xen virtual machine monitor. 935.It Pa zaurus/ 936Sharp C3x00 Arm based PDA. 937.El 938.Pp 939.It Pa compat/ 940Kernel compatibility modules directory. 941.Pp 942.Bl -tag -width "ossaudio/" -compact 943.It Pa common/ 944Common compatibility routines, old 945.Bx 4 946and 947.Nx 948routines. 949.It Pa freebsd/ 950Support for 951.Fx 952binaries; see 953.Xr compat_freebsd 8 . 954.It Pa hpux/ 955Support for 68000 HP-UX binaries. 956.It Pa linux/ 957Support for Linux binaries; see 958.Xr compat_linux 8 . 959.It Pa m68k4k/ 960Support for 4KB page 68000 binaries. 961.It Pa netbsd32/ 962Support for 963.Nx 96432-bit binaries on 64 bit platforms with compatible CPU families. 965.It Pa ossaudio/ 966Support for OSS audio. 967.It Pa sunos/ 968Support for SunOS 4.x binaries; see 969.Xr compat_sunos 8 . 970.It Pa ultrix/ 971Support for ULTRIX binaries. 972.It Pa vax1k/ 973Support for older VAX binaries that started on a 1 KB boundary. 974.El 975.Pp 976.It Pa conf/ 977Architecture independent configuration directory. 978.It Pa crypto/ 979Cryptographic kernel source, which may have import or export restrictions. 980.It Pa ddb/ 981In-kernel debugger. 982.It Pa dev/ 983Architecture independent device support. 984.It Pa fs/ 985File systems. 986See also 987.Pa ufs/ 988and 989.Pa miscfs/ . 990.Bl -tag -width "filecorefs/" -compact 991.It Pa adosfs/ 992AmigaDOS file-system support; see 993.Xr mount_ados 8 . 994.It Pa cd9660/ 995Support for the ISO-9660 file system; see 996.Xr mount_cd9660 8 . 997.It Pa filecorefs/ 998Support for the Acorn RISC OS filecore file system; see 999.Xr mount_filecore 8 . 1000.It Pa msdosfs/ 1001MS-DOS file system; see 1002.Xr mount_msdos 8 . 1003.It Pa ntfs/ 1004NTFS file system support; see 1005.Xr mount_ntfs 8 . 1006.It Pa ptyfs/ 1007Pseudo-terminal device file system; see 1008.Xr mount_ptyfs 8 . 1009.It Pa union/ 1010Union file system; see 1011.Xr mount_union 8 . 1012.El 1013.It Pa gdbscripts/ 1014Support for accessing kernel structures from within the debugger 1015.Xr gdb 1 . 1016.Pp 1017.It Pa kern/ 1018Primary kernel source code. 1019.It Pa lib/ 1020Libraries supporting the kernel. 1021.Pp 1022.Bl -tag -width "libkern/" -compact 1023.It Pa libkern/ 1024C library routines used in the kernel. 1025.It Pa libsa/ 1026Machine-independent standalone library, used by boot loaders. 1027.It Pa libz/ 1028Compression library. 1029.El 1030.Pp 1031.It Pa miscfs/ 1032More file systems. 1033.Pp 1034.Bl -tag -width "deadfs/" -compact 1035.It Pa deadfs/ 1036Kernel only dead file system. 1037.It Pa fdesc/ 1038File descriptor file system; see 1039.Xr mount_fdesc 8 . 1040.It Pa fifofs/ 1041POSIX FIFO (named pipe) support. 1042.It Pa genfs/ 1043Generic file system code that supports other file systems. 1044.It Pa kernfs/ 1045Kernel namespace file system; see 1046.Xr mount_kernfs 8 . 1047.It Pa nullfs/ 1048Loop back file system; see 1049.Xr mount_null 8 . 1050.It Pa overlay/ 1051Overlay file system; see 1052.Xr mount_overlay 8 . 1053.It Pa procfs/ 1054Process file system; see 1055.Xr mount_procfs 8 . 1056.It Pa specfs/ 1057Support for block and character special files. 1058.It Pa syncfs/ 1059Kernel trickle sync algorithm. 1060.It Pa umapfs/ 1061User and group re-mapping file system; see 1062.Xr mount_umap 8 . 1063.El 1064.Pp 1065.It Pa net/ 1066Miscellaneous networking support. 1067.It Pa netatalk/ 1068AppleTalk networking support. 1069.It Pa netinet/ 1070IP networking support. 1071.It Pa netinet6/ 1072IPv6 networking support. 1073.It Pa netipsec/ 1074Key database for IPsec networking support. 1075.It Pa nfs/ 1076NFS (network file system) support, both client and server. 1077.It Pa stand/ 1078Kernel standalone support. 1079.It Pa sys/ 1080Kernel (and system) include files. 1081.It Pa ufs/ 1082Still more file systems. 1083.Pp 1084.Bl -tag -width "ffs/" -compact 1085.It Pa chfs/ 1086A FFS-based file system for use on raw flash. 1087.It Pa ext2fs/ 1088The Linux ext2 file system. 1089.It Pa ffs/ 1090The Berkeley Fast File System. 1091.It Pa lfs/ 1092The Berkeley log-structured file system. 1093.It Pa mfs/ 1094The in-memory file system. 1095.It Pa ufs/ 1096Shared 1097.Ux 1098file system support. 1099.El 1100.It Pa uvm/ 1101UVM virtual memory system. 1102.El 1103.It Pa tests/ 1104Source for test programs in 1105.Pa /usr/tests . 1106.It Pa usr.bin/ 1107Source for utilities/files in 1108.Pa /usr/bin . 1109.It Pa usr.sbin/ 1110Source for utilities/files in 1111.Pa /usr/sbin . 1112.El 1113.It Pa /var/ 1114Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 1115.Pp 1116.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 1117.It Pa account/ 1118System accounting files. 1119.Pp 1120.Bl -tag -width "acct" -compact 1121.It Pa acct 1122Execution accounting file; 1123see 1124.Xr acct 5 . 1125.El 1126.Pp 1127.It Pa at/ 1128Timed command scheduling files; 1129see 1130.Xr at 1 . 1131.It Pa backups/ 1132Miscellaneous backup files, largely of files found in 1133.Pa /etc . 1134.It Pa chroot/ 1135Home directories of applications which are run in a 1136.Xr chroot 8 1137.Dq cage . 1138.It Pa crash/ 1139System (kernel) crash dumps; see 1140.Xr savecore 8 . 1141.It Pa cron/ 1142Scheduled commands configuration files; see 1143.Xr cron 8 1144and 1145.Xr crontab 5 . 1146.It Pa db/ 1147Miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files, 1148and persistent files used in the maintenance of third party software. 1149.It Pa games/ 1150Miscellaneous game status, log, and high score files. 1151.It Pa heimdal/ 1152Kerberos 5 KDC database; see 1153.Xr kdc 8 . 1154.It Pa log/ 1155Miscellaneous system log files. 1156.Pp 1157.Bl -tag -width "monthly.out" -compact 1158.It Pa amd.* 1159.Xr amd 8 1160logs. 1161.It Pa daily.out 1162Output of the last run of the 1163.Pa /etc/daily 1164script. 1165.It Pa ftp.* 1166.Xr ftp 1 1167logs. 1168.It Pa kerberos.* 1169.Xr kerberos 8 1170logs. 1171.It Pa lastlog 1172System last-time-logged-in database; see 1173.Xr utmp 5 . 1174.It Pa lpd-errs.* 1175Printer daemon error logs; see 1176.Xr lpd 8 . 1177.It Pa maillog.* 1178.Xr sendmail 1 1179and 1180.Xr postfix 1 1181(and other mail-related) 1182log files. 1183.It Pa messages.* 1184General system information log. 1185.It Pa monthly.out 1186Output of the last run of the 1187.Pa /etc/monthly 1188script. 1189.It Pa secure 1190Sensitive security information log. 1191.It Pa sendmail.st 1192.Xr sendmail 1 1193statistics. 1194.It Pa timed.* 1195.Xr timed 8 1196logs. 1197.It Pa weekly.out 1198Output of the last run of the 1199.Pa /etc/weekly 1200script. 1201.It Pa wtmp 1202Login and logout log; 1203see 1204.Xr utmp 5 . 1205.It Pa wtmpx 1206Another login and logout log; see 1207.Xr utmpx 5 . 1208.El 1209.Pp 1210.It Pa mail/ 1211User e-mail inboxes. 1212.It Pa msgs/ 1213System messages; see 1214.Xr msgs 1 . 1215.\" since we use nvi (now called vi) this isn't the place any more, is it? 1216.It Pa preserve/ 1217Temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death of 1218.Xr ex 1 1219or 1220.Xr vi 1 . 1221.It Pa quotas/ 1222File system quota information. 1223(Legacy.) 1224.It Pa run/ 1225System information files, rebuilt after each reboot. 1226.Pp 1227.Bl -tag -width "utmp" -compact 1228.It Pa dmesg.boot 1229A dump from 1230.Xr dmesg 8 1231taken at boot time. 1232.It Pa utmp 1233Database of currently logged in users; see 1234.Xr utmp 5 . 1235.It Pa utmpx 1236Another database of currently logged in users; see 1237.Xr utmpx 5 . 1238.El 1239.Pp 1240.It Pa rwho/ 1241Rwho data files; see 1242.Xr rwhod 8 , 1243.Xr rwho 1 , 1244and 1245.Xr ruptime 1 . 1246.It Pa spool/ 1247Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 1248.Pp 1249.Bl -tag -width "postfix/" -compact 1250.It Pa ftp/ 1251Commonly 1252.Dq ~ftp , 1253the anonymous ftp root directory; see 1254.Xr ftpd 8 . 1255.It Pa mqueue/ 1256Sendmail mail queue; 1257see 1258.Xr sendmail 1 . 1259.It Pa news/ 1260Network news archival and spooling directories. 1261.It Pa output/ 1262Printer spooling directories. 1263.It Pa postfix/ 1264Postfix mail queue; 1265see 1266.Xr postfix 1 . 1267.El 1268.Pp 1269.It Pa tmp/ 1270Temporary files that are not discarded between system reboots. 1271.Pp 1272.Bl -tag -width "vi.recover/" -compact 1273.It Pa vi.recover/ 1274Recovery directory for new (current) 1275.Xr vi 1 . 1276.El 1277.Pp 1278.It Pa yp/ 1279Databases and configuration for the NIS (YP) system; see 1280.Xr nis 8 . 1281.El 1282.El 1283.Sh SEE ALSO 1284.Xr apropos 1 , 1285.Xr ls 1 , 1286.Xr whatis 1 , 1287.Xr whereis 1 , 1288.Xr which 1 , 1289.Xr paths 3 1290.Sh HISTORY 1291A 1292.Nm 1293manual page appeared in 1294.At v7 . 1295