static char *sccsid = "@(#)mkfs.c 1.4 (Berkeley) 08/29/81"; /* * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems * * usage: mkfs fs proto * or: mkfs size [ nsect ntrak cpg ] */ #define NDIRECT (BSIZE/sizeof(struct direct)) #define MAXFN 500 #ifndef STANDALONE #include #include #endif #include "../h/param.h" #include "../h/inode.h" #include "../h/fs.h" #include "../h/dir.h" time_t utime; #ifndef STANDALONE FILE *fin; #else int fin; #endif int fsi; int fso; char *charp; char buf[BSIZE]; #ifndef STANDALONE struct exec head; #endif char string[50]; union { struct fs fs; char pad[BSIZE]; } fsun; #define sblock fsun.fs struct csum *fscs; union { struct cg cg; char pad[BSIZE]; } cgun; #define acg cgun.cg #define howmany(x, y) (((x)+((y)-1))/(y)) #define roundup(x, y) ((((x)+((y)-1))/(y))*(y)) char *fsys; char *proto; int error; ino_t ino = ROOTINO - 1; long getnum(); daddr_t alloc(); struct dinode zino[MAXIPG]; main(argc, argv) char *argv[]; { int f, c; long i,n; argc--, argv++; #ifndef STANDALONE time(&utime); if(argc < 2) { printf("usage: mkfs sblock proto/size [ nsect ntrak cpg ]\n"); exit(1); } fsys = argv[0]; proto = argv[1]; #else { static char protos[60]; printf("file sys size: "); gets(protos); proto = protos; } #endif #ifdef STANDALONE { char fsbuf[100]; do { printf("file system: "); gets(fsbuf); fso = open(fsbuf, 1); fsi = open(fsbuf, 0); } while (fso < 0 || fsi < 0); } fin = NULL; argc = 0; #else fso = creat(fsys, 0666); if(fso < 0) { printf("%s: cannot create\n", fsys); exit(1); } fsi = open(fsys, 0); if(fsi < 0) { printf("%s: cannot open\n", fsys); exit(1); } fin = fopen(proto, "r"); #endif #ifndef STANDALONE if (fin != NULL) { getstr(); f = open(string, 0); if (f < 0) { printf("%s: cannot open init\n", string); goto noinit; } read(f, (char *)&head, sizeof head); c = head.a_text + head.a_data; if (c > BSIZE) printf("%s: too big\n", string); else { read(f, buf, c); wtfs(BBLOCK, BSIZE, buf); } close(f); noinit: n = sblock.fs_size = getnum(); sblock.fs_ntrak = getnum(); sblock.fs_nsect = getnum(); sblock.fs_cpg = getnum(); } else #endif { charp = "d--777 0 0 $ "; n = 0; for (f=0; c=proto[f]; f++) { if (c<'0' || c>'9') { printf("%s: cannot open\n", proto); exit(1); } n = n*10 + (c-'0'); } sblock.fs_size = n; if (argc > 2) sblock.fs_nsect = atoi(argv[2]); else sblock.fs_nsect = 32; if (argc > 3) sblock.fs_ntrak = atoi(argv[3]); else sblock.fs_ntrak = 19; } /* * Now have size for file system and nsect and ntrak. * (And, if coming from prototype, cpg). * Determine number of cylinders occupied by file system. */ if (sblock.fs_ntrak <= 0) printf("preposterous ntrak %d\n", sblock.fs_ntrak), exit(1); if (sblock.fs_nsect <= 0) printf("preposterous nsect %d\n", sblock.fs_nsect), exit(1); if (sblock.fs_size <= 0) printf("preposterous size %d\n", sblock.fs_size), exit(1); if (sblock.fs_ntrak * sblock.fs_nsect > MAXBPG * NSPB) { printf("cylinder too large (%d sectors)\n", sblock.fs_ntrak * sblock.fs_nsect); printf("maximum cylinder size: %d sectors\n", MAXBPG * NSPB); exit(1); } sblock.fs_ncyl = n * NSPF / (sblock.fs_nsect * sblock.fs_ntrak); if (n * NSPF > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_nsect * sblock.fs_ntrak) { printf("%d sector(s) in last cylinder unused\n", n * NSPF - sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_nsect * sblock.fs_ntrak); sblock.fs_ncyl++; } sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC; /* * Validate specified/determined cpg. */ #define CGTOOBIG(fs) ((fs).fs_nsect*(fs).fs_ntrak*(fs).fs_cpg/NSPB > MAXBPG) if (argc > 4 || fin) { if (fin == NULL) sblock.fs_cpg = atoi(argv[4]); if (CGTOOBIG(sblock)) { printf("cylinder group too large (%d blocks); ", sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_nsect * sblock.fs_ntrak / NSPB); printf("max: %d blocks\n", MAXBPG); exit(1); } if (sblock.fs_cpg > MAXCPG) { printf("cylinder groups are limited to %d cylinders\n", MAXCPG); exit(1); } } else { sblock.fs_cpg = DESCPG; while (CGTOOBIG(sblock)) --sblock.fs_cpg; } /* * Compute/validate number of cylinder groups. */ sblock.fs_ncg = sblock.fs_ncyl / sblock.fs_cpg; if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg) sblock.fs_ncg++; if ((sblock.fs_nsect*sblock.fs_ntrak*sblock.fs_cpg) % NSPF) { printf("mkfs: nsect %d, ntrak %d, cpg %d is not tolerable\n", sblock.fs_nsect, sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_cpg); printf("as this would would have cyl groups whose size\n"); printf("is not a multiple of %d; choke!\n", FSIZE); exit(1); } fscs = (struct csum *) calloc(1, roundup(sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof (struct csum), BSIZE)); /* * Compute number of inode blocks per cylinder group. * Start with one inode per NBPI bytes; adjust as necessary. */ n = ((n * BSIZE) / NBPI) / INOPB; if (n <= 0) n = 1; if (n > 65500/INOPB) n = 65500/INOPB; sblock.fs_ipg = ((n / sblock.fs_ncg) + 1) * INOPB; if (sblock.fs_ipg < INOPB) sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB; if (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG) sblock.fs_ipg = MAXIPG; while (sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncyl > 65500) sblock.fs_ipg -= INOPB; sblock.fs_spc = sblock.fs_ntrak * sblock.fs_nsect; sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / (FSIZE / 512); if (cgdmin(0,&sblock) >= sblock.fs_fpg) printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d)\n", cgdmin(0,&sblock)/FRAG, sblock.fs_fpg/FRAG), exit(1); sblock.fs_nifree = sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg; sblock.fs_cgsize = cgsize(&sblock); sblock.fs_cssize = cssize(&sblock); sblock.fs_sblkno = SBLOCK; sblock.fs_fmod = 0; sblock.fs_ronly = 0; /* * Dump out information about file system. */ printf("%s:\t%d sectors in %d cylinders of %d tracks, %d sectors\n", fsys, sblock.fs_size*NSPF, sblock.fs_ncyl, sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_nsect); printf("\t%.1fMb in %d cyl groups (%d c/g, %.2fMb/g, %d i/g)\n", (float)sblock.fs_size*FSIZE*1e-6, sblock.fs_ncg, sblock.fs_cpg, (float)sblock.fs_fpg*FSIZE*1e-6, sblock.fs_ipg); /* printf("%7d size (%d blocks)\n", sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_size/FRAG); printf("%7d cylinder groups\n", sblock.fs_ncg); printf("%7d cylinder group block size\n", sblock.fs_cgsize); printf("%7d tracks\n", sblock.fs_ntrak); printf("%7d sectors\n", sblock.fs_nsect); printf("%7d sectors per cylinder\n", sblock.fs_spc); printf("%7d cylinders\n", sblock.fs_ncyl); printf("%7d cylinders per group\n", sblock.fs_cpg); printf("%7d blocks per group\n", sblock.fs_fpg/FRAG); printf("%7d inodes per group\n", sblock.fs_ipg); if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg) { printf("%7d cylinders in last group\n", i = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg); printf("%7d blocks in last group\n", i * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB); } */ /* * Now build the cylinders group blocks and * then print out indices of cylinder groups forwarded * past bad blocks or other obstructions. */ sblock.fs_nffree = 0; sblock.fs_nbfree = 0; for (c = 0; c < sblock.fs_ncg; c++) initcg(c); printf("\tsuper-block backups (for fsck -b#) at %d+k*%d (%d .. %d)\n", SBLOCK, sblock.fs_fpg, SBLOCK+sblock.fs_fpg, SBLOCK+(sblock.fs_ncg-1)*sblock.fs_fpg); /* * Now construct the initial file system, and * then write out the super-block. */ cfile((struct inode *)0); sblock.fs_time = utime; wtfs(SBLOCK, BSIZE, (char *)&sblock); for (i = 0; i < cssize(&sblock); i += BSIZE) wtfs(csaddr(&sblock) + i/BSIZE, BSIZE, ((char *)fscs)+i); for (c = 0; c < sblock.fs_ncg; c++) wtfs(cgsblock(c, &sblock), BSIZE, (char *)&sblock); #ifndef STANDALONE exit(error); #endif } /* * Initialize a cylinder group. */ initcg(c) int c; { daddr_t cbase, d, dmin, dmax; long i, j, s; register struct csum *cs; /* * Determine block bounds for cylinder group. * Allow space for super block summary information in first * cylinder group. */ cbase = cgbase(c,&sblock); dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg; if (dmax > sblock.fs_size) dmax = sblock.fs_size; d = cbase; cs = fscs+c; cs->cs_ndir = 0; acg.cg_time = utime; acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC; acg.cg_cgx = c; acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg; acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg; acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase; acg.cg_ndir = 0; acg.cg_nffree = 0; acg.cg_nbfree = 0; acg.cg_nifree = 0; acg.cg_rotor = 0; acg.cg_irotor = 0; i = 0; d = cgimin(c,&sblock); while (i < sblock.fs_ipg) { for (j = INOPB; j > 0; j--) { clrbit(acg.cg_iused, i); i++; } acg.cg_nifree += INOPB; d++; } while (i < MAXIPG) { clrbit(acg.cg_iused, i); i++; } lseek(fso, cgimin(c,&sblock)*FSIZE, 0); if (write(fso, (char *)zino, sblock.fs_ipg * sizeof (struct dinode)) != sblock.fs_ipg * sizeof (struct dinode)) printf("write error %D\n", tell(fso) / BSIZE); for (i = 0; i < MAXCPG; i++) for (j = 0; j < NRPOS; j++) acg.cg_b[i][j] = 0; dmin = cgdmin(c,&sblock) - cbase; if (c == 0) { dmin += howmany(cssize(&sblock), BSIZE) * FRAG; } for (d = 0; d < dmin; d += FRAG) clrblock(acg.cg_free, d/FRAG); while ((d+FRAG) <= dmax - cbase) { setblock(acg.cg_free, d/FRAG); acg.cg_nbfree++; s = d * NSPF; acg.cg_b[s/sblock.fs_spc] [s%sblock.fs_nsect*NRPOS/sblock.fs_nsect]++; d += FRAG; } if (d < dmax - cbase) for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) { setbit(acg.cg_free, d); acg.cg_nffree++; } for (; d < MAXBPG; d++) clrbit(acg.cg_free, d); sblock.fs_nffree += acg.cg_nffree; sblock.fs_nbfree += acg.cg_nbfree; cs->cs_nifree = acg.cg_nifree; cs->cs_nbfree = acg.cg_nbfree; wtfs(cgtod(c, &sblock), BSIZE, (char *)&acg); } cfile(par) struct inode *par; { struct inode in; int dbc, ibc; char db[BSIZE]; daddr_t ib[NINDIR]; int i, f, c; /* * get mode, uid and gid */ getstr(); in.i_mode = gmode(string[0], "-bcd", IFREG, IFBLK, IFCHR, IFDIR); in.i_mode |= gmode(string[1], "-u", 0, ISUID, 0, 0); in.i_mode |= gmode(string[2], "-g", 0, ISGID, 0, 0); for(i=3; i<6; i++) { c = string[i]; if(c<'0' || c>'7') { printf("%c/%s: bad octal mode digit\n", c, string); error = 1; c = 0; } in.i_mode |= (c-'0')<<(15-3*i); } in.i_uid = getnum(); in.i_gid = getnum(); in.i_atime = utime; in.i_mtime = utime; in.i_ctime = utime; /* * general initialization prior to * switching on format */ ino++; in.i_number = ino; for(i=0; i 0) { in.i_size += i; newblk(&dbc, db, &ibc, ib, i); } close(f); break; case IFBLK: case IFCHR: /* * special file * content is maj/min types */ i = getnum() & 0377; f = getnum() & 0377; in.i_rdev = makedev(i, f); break; case IFDIR: /* * directory * put in extra links * call recursively until * name of "$" found */ par->i_nlink++; in.i_nlink++; entry(in.i_number, ".", &dbc, db, &ibc, ib); entry(par->i_number, "..", &dbc, db, &ibc, ib); in.i_size = 2*sizeof(struct direct); for(;;) { getstr(); if(string[0]=='$' && string[1]=='\0') break; if (in.i_size >= FSIZE) { printf("can't handle direct of > %d entries\n", NDIRECT/FRAG); exit(1); } entry(ino+1, string, &dbc, db, &ibc, ib); in.i_size += sizeof(struct direct); cfile(&in); } break; } if(dbc != 0) newblk(&dbc, db, &ibc, ib, roundup(dbc,FSIZE)); iput(&in, &ibc, ib); } gmode(c, s, m0, m1, m2, m3) char c, *s; { int i; for(i=0; s[i]; i++) if(c == s[i]) return((&m0)[i]); printf("%c/%s: bad mode\n", c, string); error = 1; return(0); } long getnum() { int i, c; long n; getstr(); n = 0; i = 0; for(i=0; c=string[i]; i++) { if(c<'0' || c>'9') { printf("%s: bad number\n", string); error = 1; return((long)0); } n = n*10 + (c-'0'); } return(n); } getstr() { int i, c; loop: switch(c=getch()) { case ' ': case '\t': case '\n': goto loop; case '\0': printf("EOF\n"); exit(1); case ':': while(getch() != '\n'); goto loop; } i = 0; do { string[i++] = c; c = getch(); } while(c!=' '&&c!='\t'&&c!='\n'&&c!='\0'); string[i] = '\0'; } rdfs(bno, size, bf) daddr_t bno; int size; char *bf; { int n; lseek(fsi, bno*FSIZE, 0); n = read(fsi, bf, size); if(n != size) { printf("read error: %ld\n", bno); exit(1); } } wtfs(bno, size, bf) daddr_t bno; int size; char *bf; { int n; lseek(fso, bno*FSIZE, 0); n = write(fso, bf, size); if(n != size) { printf("write error: %D\n", bno); exit(1); } } daddr_t alloc(size) int size; { int c, i, s, frag; daddr_t d; c = 0; rdfs(cgtod(0,&sblock), sblock.fs_cgsize, (char *)&acg); if (acg.cg_nbfree == 0) { printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n"); return (0); } for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += FRAG) if (isblock(acg.cg_free, d/FRAG)) goto goth; printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n"); return (0); goth: clrblock(acg.cg_free, d/FRAG); acg.cg_nbfree--; sblock.fs_nbfree--; fscs[0].cs_nbfree--; s = d * NSPF; acg.cg_b[s/sblock.fs_spc][s%sblock.fs_nsect*NRPOS/sblock.fs_nsect]--; if (size != BSIZE) { frag = howmany(size, FSIZE); acg.cg_nffree += FRAG - frag; sblock.fs_nffree += FRAG - frag; for (i = frag; i < FRAG; i++) setbit(acg.cg_free, d+i); } wtfs(cgtod(0,&sblock), sblock.fs_cgsize, (char *)&acg); return (d); } entry(inum, str, adbc, db, aibc, ib) ino_t inum; char *str; int *adbc, *aibc; char *db; daddr_t *ib; { struct direct *dp; int i; dp = (struct direct *)db; dp += *adbc; (*adbc)++; dp->d_ino = inum; for(i=0; id_name[i] = 0; for(i=0; id_name[i] = str[i]) == 0) break; if(*adbc >= NDIRECT) newblk(adbc, db, aibc, ib, BSIZE); } newblk(adbc, db, aibc, ib, size) int *adbc, *aibc; char *db; daddr_t *ib; int size; { int i; daddr_t bno; bno = alloc(size); wtfs(bno, size, db); for(i=0; i= NINDIR) { printf("indirect block full\n"); error = 1; *aibc = 0; } } getch() { #ifndef STANDALONE if(charp) #endif return(*charp++); #ifndef STANDALONE return(getc(fin)); #endif } iput(ip, aibc, ib) struct inode *ip; int *aibc; daddr_t *ib; { struct dinode *dp; daddr_t d; int i, c = ip->i_number / sblock.fs_ipg; rdfs(cgtod(c,&sblock), sblock.fs_cgsize, (char *)&acg); acg.cg_nifree--; setbit(acg.cg_iused, ip->i_number); wtfs(cgtod(c,&sblock), sblock.fs_cgsize, (char *)&acg); sblock.fs_nifree--; fscs[0].cs_nifree--; if(ip->i_number >= sblock.fs_ipg) { printf("mkfs: cant handle more than one cg of inodes (yet)\n"); exit(1); } if(ip->i_number >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) { if(error == 0) printf("ilist too small\n"); error = 1; return; } d = itod(ip->i_number,&sblock); rdfs(d, BSIZE, buf); for(i=0; i<*aibc; i++) { if(i >= NDADDR) break; ip->i_db[i] = ib[i]; } if(*aibc >= NDADDR) { ip->i_ib[0] = alloc(BSIZE); for(i=0; ii_ib[0], (char *)ib); } ((struct dinode *)buf+itoo(ip->i_number))->di_ic = ip->i_ic; wtfs(d, BSIZE, buf); }