Lines Matching full:and
5 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
19 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34 .\" - References are bold for section headings and environment and shell
35 .\" variables and italic for commands (externals, builtins, aliases, and
36 .\" editor commands) and arguments to commands.
38 .\" - Be careful with the .B and .I macros: they handle only a limited number
39 .\" of words. Work around this with \fB and \fI, but only if absolutely
56 .\" tcsh is `tcsh', not `tcsh(1)', because this is the tcsh man page (and
59 .\" - Say `the shell', not `tcsh', unless distinguishing between tcsh and csh.
62 .\" and `builtin command'/`editor command' instead of `builtin' or `command'
72 .\" new features in NEW FEATURES and referenced external commands in SEE
82 tcsh \- C shell with file name completion and command line editing
91 shell and a shell script command processor.
93 programmable word completion (see \fBCompletion and listing\fR),
103 are labeled with `(+)', and features which are present in \fIcsh\fR(1)
120 Commands are read from the following argument (which must be present, and
122 stored in the \fBcommand\fR shell variable for reference, and executed.
127 \fBStartup and shutdown\fR, whether or not it is a login shell. (+)
138 command hashing, and thus starts faster.
144 The shell is interactive and prompts for its top-level input, even if
146 their inputs and outputs are terminals.
161 The shell accepts SIGQUIT (see \fBSignal handling\fR) and behaves when
168 The shell reads and executes a single line of input. A `\e' may be used to
169 escape the newline at the end of this line and continue onto another line.
186 Print a help message on the standard output and exit. (+)
189 Print the version/platform/compilation options on the standard output and exit.
195 be executed. The shell opens this file and saves its name for possible
203 .SS "Startup and shutdown"
205 \fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR and \fI/etc/csh.login\fR.
213 \fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR, and \fI~/.login\fR before instead of after
214 \fI~/.tcshrc\fR or \fI~/.cshrc\fR and \fI~/.history\fR, if so compiled;
217 Non-login shells read only \fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR and \fI~/.tcshrc\fR
223 Commands like \fIstty\fR(1) and \fItset\fR(1),
225 Users who need to use the same set of files with both \fIcsh\fR(1) and
228 or can have both a \fI~/.cshrc\fR and a \fI~/.tcshrc\fR which \fIsource\fRs
234 prompting with `> '. (Processing of arguments and the use of the shell to
237 places it on the command history list, parses it and executes each command
245 \fI/etc/csh.logout\fR and \fI~/.logout\fR. The shell may drop DTR on logout
248 The names of the system login and logout files vary from system to system for
252 The \fBCompletion and listing\fR and \fBSpelling correction\fR sections
255 Finally, \fBEditor commands\fR lists and describes
256 the editor commands specific to the shell and their default bindings.
262 The \fIbindkey\fR builtin can display and change key bindings.
292 Other key bindings are, for the most part, what \fIemacs\fR(1) and \fIvi\fR(1)
293 users would expect and can easily be displayed by \fIbindkey\fR, so there
304 .SS "Completion and listing (+)"
306 Type part of a word (for example `ls /usr/lost') and hit the tab key to
311 end of completed directories and a space to the end of other completed words,
312 to speed typing and provide a visual indicator of successful completion.
317 system, or perhaps you were thinking too far ahead and typed the whole thing)
325 Commands and variables can be completed in much the same way.
335 The first word in the buffer and the first word following
343 and reprints the prompt and unfinished command line, for example:
363 completion fails and adds no new characters to the word being completed.
366 directories abbreviated with `~' (see \fBFilename substitution\fR) and
394 in the middle of a line it deletes the character under the cursor and
397 possibilities anywhere on a line, and \fIlist-choices\fR (or any one of the
398 related editor commands that do or don't delete, list and/or log out,
402 The \fIcomplete-word-fwd\fR and \fIcomplete-word-back\fR editor commands
403 (not bound to any keys by default) can be used to cycle up and down through
428 `main.c~' and `main.o' are ignored by completion (but not listing),
435 1) ignores case and 2) considers periods, hyphens and underscores
436 (`.', `\-' and `_') to be word separators and hyphens and underscores to
444 `mail \-f comp.lang.c', and ^D would list `comp.lang.c' and `comp.lang.c++'.
445 `mail \-f c..c++[^D]' would list `comp.lang.c++' and `comp.std.c++'. Typing
450 would list all three files, because case is ignored and hyphens and
455 ignores case and differences between a hyphen and an underscore word
461 `A_silly_file' and typing `rm a__file[^D]' would match just `A_silly_file'
465 Completion and listing are affected by several other shell variables:
484 the completion completes on `foo', even though `food' and `foonly'
489 before each completion attempt and \fBcorrect\fR can be set to complete
492 of situations, and \fBnobeep\fR can be set to never beep at all.
493 \fBnostat\fR can be set to a list of directories and/or patterns that
496 \fBlistmax\fR and \fBlistmaxrows\fR can be set to limit the number of items
502 to complete words other than filenames, commands and variables.
503 Completion and listing do not work on glob-patterns (see \fBFilename substitution\fR),
504 but the \fIlist-glob\fR and \fIexpand-glob\fR editor commands perform
507 The shell can sometimes correct the spelling of filenames, commands and variable names
508 as well as completing and listing them.
511 editor command (usually bound to M-s and M-S)
518 When spelling correction is invoked in any of these ways and
530 `a' to abort the command as if `^C' had been hit, and
536 spelling correction registers a misspelling and suggests the latter
542 pushing the rest of the line to the right and possibly leaving
545 `bindkey' lists key bindings and `bindkey \-l' lists and briefly describes
548 See \fIemacs\fR(1) and \fIvi\fR(1) for descriptions of each editor's
552 given in parentheses. `^\fIcharacter\fR' means a control character and
555 to letters by default are bound to both lower- and uppercase letters for
568 Word boundary and cursor behavior modified by \fBvimode\fR.
579 Completes a word as described under \fBCompletion and listing\fR.
587 At the end of the list, beeps and reverts to the incomplete word.
625 See also those three commands, each of which does only a single action, and
626 \fIdelete-char-or-eof\fR, \fIdelete-char-or-list\fR and \fIlist-or-eof\fR,
652 See also \fImagic-space\fR, \fItoggle-literal-history\fR and
673 Word boundary and cursor behavior modified by \fBvimode\fR.
677 the current contents of the input buffer up to the cursor and copies it
681 \fIup-history\fR and \fIdown-history\fR will proceed from the
684 See also \fIhistory-search-forward\fR and \fIi-search-back\fR.
692 and prompts with `bck: ' and the first match. Additional characters may be
707 Undoes the effect of the last character typed and deletes a character
720 search, leaving the current line in the input buffer, and
723 See also \fIi-search-fwd\fR and \fIhistory-search-backward\fR.
736 Lists completion possibilities as described under \fBCompletion and listing\fR.
737 See also \fIdelete-char-or-list-or-eof\fR and \fIlist-choices-raw\fR.
753 like \fIexpand-history\fR, and inserts a space.
758 Searches for the current word in PATH and, if it is found, replaces it with
760 expanded and quoted but commands within aliases are not. This command is
761 useful with commands that take commands as arguments, e.g., `dbx' and `sh \-x'.
768 Toggles between input and overwrite modes.
771 Saves the current input line and
780 typed. This is used to toggle back and forth between an editor and
786 `current command' as the completion routines, and prints it. There is no way
806 two bindings: the first character to \fIsequence-lead-in\fR and the
815 with switches, substitutions and the like.
825 See also \fIexpand-history\fR and the \fBautoexpand\fR shell variable.
841 Word boundary and cursor behavior modified by \fBvimode\fR.
849 \fIhistory-search-backward\fR), searches for it and copies it into the
851 Hitting return ends the search and leaves the last match in the input
853 Hitting escape ends the search and executes the match.
871 The shell splits input lines into words at blanks and tabs. The special
872 characters `&', `|', `;', `<', `>', `(', and `)' and the doubled characters
873 `&&', `||', `<<' and `>>' are always separate words, whether or not they are
877 comment. Each `#' and the rest of the input line on which it appears is
881 its special meaning, and possibly made part of another word, by preceding it
896 quotes undergo \fBVariable substitution\fR and \fBCommand substitution\fR, but other
900 Metacharacters in these strings, including blanks and tabs, do not form
913 always quote `\e', `'', and `"'. (+) This may make complex quoting tasks
918 and the commands and variables which affect them. Remember that substitutions
922 list. The previous command is always saved, and the \fBhistory\fR shell
927 Saved commands are numbered sequentially from 1 and stamped with the time.
935 The shell actually saves history in expanded and literal (unexpanded) forms.
936 If the \fBhistlit\fR shell variable is set, commands that display and store
941 and the \fBsavehist\fR and \fBhistfile\fR shell variables can be set to
942 store the history list automatically on logout and restore it on login.
947 command with little typing and a high degree of confidence.
954 described later. The characters used to signal history substitution (`!' and
960 which selects particular words from the chosen event, and/or a ``modifier'',
1001 The commands are shown with their event numbers and time stamps.
1003 `!11' and `!\-2' refer to event 11.
1014 `vdoc', and, in this example, not find one, but `!{v}doc' would expand
1067 from the previous event) or `diff !\-2:2 !\-2:1' to select and swap the
1116 a `\e' can be used to quote the delimiter inside \fIl\fR and \fIr\fR.
1130 `a' and `g' can be used together to apply a modifier globally.
1153 Like q, but break into words at blanks, tabs and newlines.
1202 The \fIup-\fR and \fIdown-history\fR, \fIhistory-search-backward\fR and
1203 \fI-forward\fR, \fIi-search-back\fR and \fI-fwd\fR,
1204 \fIvi-search-back\fR and \fI-fwd\fR, \fIcopy-prev-word\fR
1206 events in the history list and copy them into the input buffer.
1208 expanded and literal forms of history lines in the input buffer.
1209 \fIexpand-history\fR and \fIexpand-line\fR expand history substitutions
1210 in the current word and in the entire input buffer respectively.
1212 The shell maintains a list of aliases which can be set, unset and printed by
1213 the \fIalias\fR and \fIunalias\fR commands. After a command line is parsed
1230 previous example) it is flagged to prevent a loop. Other loops are detected and
1237 The values of shell variables can be displayed and changed with the
1238 \fIset\fR and \fIunset\fR commands.
1240 These can be displayed and changed with \fIprintenv\fR, \fIsetenv\fR and
1252 list, and words of this variable's value are referred to in special ways.
1260 calculations to be performed and the result assigned to a variable. Variable
1262 purposes of numeric operations, the null string is considered to be zero, and
1263 the second and subsequent words of multi-word values are ignored.
1265 After the input line is aliased and parsed, and before each command is
1268 where it \fIalways\fR occurs, and within `''s where it \fInever\fR occurs.
1274 Input/output redirections are recognized before variable expansion, and are
1275 variable expanded separately. Otherwise, the command name and entire argument
1278 command name, and the rest of which become arguments.
1281 substitution may eventually be command and filename substituted. Within `"', a
1285 multiple words with each word separated by a blank and quoted to prevent later
1299 letters and digits starting with a letter. The underscore character is
1308 The \fIselector\fR is subjected to `$' substitution and may consist of
1390 .SS "Command, filename and directory stack substitution"
1395 occurs very late, after input-output redirection is performed, and in a child
1399 from such a command is broken into separate words at blanks, tabs and newlines,
1400 and null words are discarded. The output is variable and command substituted
1404 quotes (`"') retain blanks and tabs; only newlines force new words. The single
1409 By default, the shell since version 6.12 replaces all newline and carriage
1415 ``globbing''. This word is then regarded as a pattern (``glob-pattern''), and
1433 characters and/or ranges of characters in the braces.
1458 As a special case the words `{', `}' and `{}' are passed undisturbed.
1463 name consisting of letters, digits and `\-' characters the shell searches for a
1464 user with that name and substitutes their home directory; thus `~ken' might
1465 expand to `/usr/ken' and `~ken/chmach' to `/usr/ken/chmach'. If the character
1475 `.o'), and if the \fBnonomatch\fR shell variable is set a pattern (or list
1486 any file in the /usr/include directory tree ending in `time.h'; and
1498 \fIpushd\fR, \fIpopd\fR and \fIdirs\fR builtin commands (q.v.).
1499 \fIdirs\fR can print, store in a file, restore and clear the directory stack
1500 at any time, and the \fBsavedirs\fR and \fBdirsfile\fR shell variables can be set to
1501 store the directory stack automatically on logout and restore it on login.
1502 The \fBdirstack\fR shell variable can be examined to see the directory stack and
1529 The \fBnoglob\fR and \fBnonomatch\fR shell variables and the \fIexpand-glob\fR
1536 Quoting prevents this expansion, and
1540 Finally, \fIcd\fR and \fIpushd\fR interpret `\-' as the old working directory
1545 The next three sections describe how the shell executes commands and
1546 deals with their input and output.
1547 .SS Simple commands, pipelines and sequences
1553 Simple commands and pipelines may be joined into sequences with `;', and will
1554 be executed sequentially. Commands and pipelines can also be joined into
1562 .SS "Builtin and non-builtin command execution"
1607 interpreter), then it is assumed to be a file containing shell commands and
1615 the shell starts \fIinterpreter\fR with the given \fIarg\fRs and feeds the
1618 The standard input and standard output of a command may be redirected with the
1624 Open file \fIname\fR (which is first variable, command and filename
1629 is not subjected to variable, filename or command substitution, and each input
1631 line. Unless a quoting `\e', `"', `' or `\`' appears in \fIword\fR variable and
1633 quote `$', `\e' and `\`'. Commands which are substituted have all blanks, tabs,
1678 by the input-output parameters and the presence of the command in a pipeline.
1683 components of pipelines and allows the shell to block read its input. Note
1686 If this is a terminal and if the process attempts to read from the terminal,
1687 then the process will block and the user will be notified (see \fBJobs\fR).
1697 Having described how the shell accepts, parses and executes
1701 flow of control in command files (shell scripts) and (in limited but
1703 shell to reread or skip in its input and, due to the implementation,
1706 The \fIforeach\fR, \fIswitch\fR, and \fIwhile\fR statements, as well as the
1711 a loop is being read and performs seeks in this internal buffer to
1715 The \fIif\fR, \fIwhile\fR and \fIexit\fR builtin commands
1719 .SS "Logical, arithmetical and comparison operators"
1720 These operators are similar to those of C and have the same precedence.
1727 Here the precedence increases to the right, `==' `!=' `=~' and `!~', `<='
1728 `>=' `<' and `>', `<<' and `>>', `+' and `\-', `*' `/' and `%' being, in
1729 groups, at the same level. The `==' `!=' `=~' and `!~' operators compare
1731 `=~' and `!~' are like `!=' and `==' except that the right hand side is a
1745 Commands can be executed in expressions and their exit status
1751 expression and the \fBstatus\fR shell variable examined.
1753 Some of these operators perform true/false tests on files and related
1769 Executable in the path or shell builtin, e.g., `\-X ls' and `\-X ls\-F' are
1827 \fIfile\fR is command and filename expanded and then tested to
1840 \fBLr\fR, \fBLw\fR and \fBLx\fR are always true for links and false for
1844 It is possible but not useful, and sometimes misleading, to combine operators
1846 (e.g., \fBX\fR and \fBt\fR). Following \fBL\fR with a non-file operator
1896 `22' if \fIfile\fR is writable by group and other, `20' if by group only,
1919 Only one of these operators may appear in a multiple-operator test, and it
1920 must be the last. Note that \fBL\fR has a different meaning at the end of and
1923 return `\-1', and \fBF\fR returns `:'.
1927 the file and not on the result of the \fIaccess\fR(2) system call.
1936 current jobs, printed by the \fIjobs\fR command, and assigns them small integer
1942 indicating that the job which was started asynchronously was job number 1 and
1945 If you are running a job and wish to do something else you may hit the suspend
1948 indicate that the job has been `Suspended' and print another prompt.
1954 ``background'' with the \fIbg\fR command or run some other commands and
1957 A `^Z' takes effect immediately and is like an interrupt
1958 in that pending output and unread input are discarded when it is typed.
1986 The shell maintains a notion of the current and previous jobs. In output
1987 pertaining to jobs, the current job is marked with a `+' and the previous job
1988 with a `\-'. The abbreviations `%+', `%', and (by analogy with the syntax of
1989 the \fIhistory\fR mechanism) `%%' all refer to the current job, and `%\-' refers
1995 tell jobs to stop. See \fIstty\fR(1) and the \fIsetty\fR builtin command for
2011 will not warn you a second time, and the suspended jobs will be terminated.
2012 .SS "Automatic, periodic and timed events (+)"
2013 There are various ways to run commands and take other actions automatically
2016 \fBSpecial shell variables\fR and \fBSpecial aliases\fR.
2026 command gets executed, and when a job is started or is brought into the
2044 The \fBwatch\fR and \fBwho\fR shell variables can be set to report when
2045 selected users log in or out, and the \fIlog\fR builtin command reports
2054 (e.g., the classification of which characters are printable) and sorting,
2059 to determine appropriate character code/classification and sorting
2061 This function typically examines the \fBLANG\fR and \fBLC_CTYPE\fR
2065 whenever either of the \fBLANG\fR and \fBLC_CTYPE\fR variables are set, regardless of
2068 In addition, with both real and simulated NLS, all printable
2083 converting them to ASCII and using standout mode. The shell
2084 never changes the 7/8 bit mode of the tty and tracks user-initiated
2095 \fIgetspath\fR and \fIsetspath\fR get and set the system execution path,
2096 \fIgetxvers\fR and \fIsetxvers\fR get and set the experimental version prefix
2104 \fIrootnode\fR changes the rootnode and \fIver\fR changes the systype.
2108 Under Masscomp/RTU and Harris CX/UX, \fIuniverse\fR sets the universe.
2115 The \fBVENDOR\fR, \fBOSTYPE\fR and \fBMACHTYPE\fR environment variables
2116 indicate respectively the vendor, operating system and machine type
2124 in one's \fI~/.login\fR and put executables compiled for each machine in the
2130 Note also the \fInewgrp\fR builtin, the \fBafsuser\fR and
2131 \fBecho_style\fR shell variables and the system-dependent locations of
2140 In shell scripts, the shell's handling of interrupt and terminate signals
2141 can be controlled with \fIonintr\fR, and its handling of hangups can be
2142 controlled with \fIhup\fR and \fInohup\fR.
2147 a child when it exits, and \fInohup\fR sets a child to ignore hangups.
2154 The shell also matches changes in the speed and padding of the tty.
2156 can be examined and modified with the \fIsetty\fR builtin.
2160 The \fIechotc\fR, \fIsettc\fR and \fItelltc\fR commands can be used to
2161 manipulate and debug terminal capabilities from the command line.
2164 adapts to window resizing automatically and adjusts the environment
2165 variables \fBLINES\fR and \fBCOLUMNS\fR if set. If the environment
2166 variable \fBTERMCAP\fR contains li# and co# fields, the shell adjusts
2170 \fBBuiltin commands\fR, \fBSpecial aliases\fR and
2199 component of \fIname\fR; both \fIname\fR and its \fIindex\fR'th component
2208 The fourth and fifth forms increment (`++') or decrement (`\-\-') \fIname\fR
2211 The space between `@' and \fIname\fR is required. The spaces between
2212 \fIname\fR and `=' and between `=' and \fIexpr\fR are optional. Components of
2220 With \fIname\fR and \fIwordlist\fR, assigns
2222 \fIwordlist\fR is command and filename substituted.
2227 Shows the amount of dynamic memory acquired, broken down into used and free
2228 memory. With an argument shows the number of free and used blocks in each size
2229 category. The categories start at size 8 and double at each step. This
2246 Without options, the first form lists all bound keys and the editor command to which each is bound,
2247 the second form lists the editor command to which \fIkey\fR is bound and
2256 Lists all editor commands and a short description of each.
2260 as per \fB-e\fR and \fB-v\fR below.
2296 \fIcommand\fR is taken as a literal string and treated as terminal input
2298 reinterpreted, and this continues for ten levels of interpretation.
2310 \fIsequence-lead-in\fR and the entire string is bound to the command.
2315 (caret-question mark). \fIkey\fR and \fIcommand\fR can contain backslashed
2350 any, notably `\e' and `^'.
2355 execution. Only non-interactive commands can be executed, and it is
2389 begins with `/' or '.', then this is tried to see if it is a directory, and
2394 The \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-n\fR and \fB\-v\fR flags have the same effect on \fIcd\fR
2395 as on \fIdirs\fR, and they imply \fB\-p\fR. (+)
2399 See also the \fBimplicitcd\fR and \fBcdtohome\fR shell variables.
2408 With \fIcommand\fR and \fIword\fR etc., defines completions.
2416 is to be completed, and may be one of the following:
2527 pattern, and \fBx\fR uses \fIselect\fR as an explanatory message when
2533 directories and a space to other words.
2536 variable set, the variable name is \%\fBCOMMAND_LINE\fR\% and
2538 typed in) command line. One can examine and use contents of the
2569 is an example of \fBn\fR-type completion. Any word following `find' and
2574 demonstrates \fBc\fR-type completion. Any word following `cc' and beginning
2591 is attempted and prints `Truth has no options.' when completion choices are listed.
2593 Note that the \fIman\fR example, and several other examples below, could
2623 so the braces, space and `$' in `{print $1}' must be quoted explicitly.
2629 completes the second argument to `dbx' with the word `core' and all other
2653 The `C', `D', `F' and `T' \fIlist\fRs are like `c', `d', `f' and `t'
2662 instead of `/' to avoid confusion with the \fIselect\fR argument, and we used
2700 and `group' to users and groups respectively
2726 left and the first directory in the stack is the current directory.
2737 as a series of \fIcd\fR and \fIpushd\fR commands.
2741 In either case, \fBdirsfile\fR is used if \fIfilename\fR is not given and
2754 output, separated by spaces and terminated with a newline.
2755 The \fBecho_style\fR shell variable may be set to emulate (or not) the flags and escape
2756 sequences of the BSD and/or System V versions of \fIecho\fR; see \fIecho\fR(1).
2761 \&'echotc cm 3 10' sends it to column 3 and row 10, and
2800 See the description of the \fIforeach\fR, \fIif\fR, \fIswitch\fR, and
2806 shell and executes the resulting command(s) in the context
2829 \fBFile inquiry operators\fR) to each \fIfile\fR and returns the results as a
2839 \fIwordlist\fR and executes the sequence of commands between this command
2840 and the matching \fIend\fR. (Both \fIforeach\fR and \fIend\fR
2842 \fIcontinue\fR may be used to continue the loop prematurely and
2857 Like \fIecho\fR, but the `-n' parameter is not recognized and words are
2862 \fIword\fR is filename and command-substituted to
2865 form `label:', possibly preceded by blanks or tabs, and
2870 internal hash table has been at locating commands (and avoiding
2872 \fBpath\fR where the hash function indicates a possible hit, and
2875 On machines without \fIvfork\fR(2), prints only the number and size of
2899 existing history file instead of replacing it (if there is one) and
2903 is `merge' and the third word is set to `lock', the history file update
2911 into the history list and sorted by timestamp.
2912 In either case, \fBhistfile\fR is used if \fIfilename\fR is not given and
2922 If \fBhistlit\fR is set, the first and second forms print and save the literal
2930 signal and arranges for the shell to send it a hangup signal when the shell
2935 See also \fBSignal handling\fR and the \fInohup\fR builtin command.
2945 false and \fIcommand\fR is thus \fInot\fR executed; this is a bug.
2966 \fIelse\fR and \fIendif\fR must appear at the beginning of input lines;
2986 The first and second forms sends the specified \fIsignal\fR (or, if none
3000 Limits the consumption by the current process and each
3103 form `mm:ss' giving minutes and seconds may be used.
3109 For both \fIresource\fR names and scale factors, unambiguous
3114 Prints the \fBwatch\fR shell variable and reports on each user indicated
3176 \fBlistlinks\fR also slows down \fIls\-F\fR and causes partitions holding
3189 filetype or extension. See the \fBcolor\fR shell variable and the
3217 executed in a sub-shell, and the restrictions placed on
3225 See also \fBSignal handling\fR and the \fIhup\fR builtin command.
3245 \fIonintr\fR is ignored if the shell is running detached and in system
3249 Without arguments, pops the directory stack and returns to the new top directory.
3254 prevent this and the \fB\-p\fR flag can be given to override \fBpushdsilent\fR.
3255 The \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-n\fR and \fB\-v\fR flags have the same effect on \fIpopd\fR
3259 Prints the names and values of all environment variables or,
3267 stack and changes to \fIname\fR.
3273 directory stack around to be the top element and changes to it.
3275 directory, pushes it onto the top of the stack and changes to it. (+)
3279 prevent this and the \fB\-p\fR flag can be given to override \fBpushdsilent\fR.
3280 The \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-n\fR and \fB\-v\fR flags have the same effect on \fIpushd\fR
3286 needed if the \fBautorehash\fR shell variable is not set and new
3359 the shell, it has access to shell variables and other structures.
3386 \fIwordlist\fR. In all cases the value is command and filename expanded.
3389 \fB\-f\fR prefers the first occurrence of a word, and \fB\-l\fR the last.
3398 These arguments can be repeated to set and/or make read-only multiple variables
3401 be adjacent to both \fIname\fR and \fIword\fR or separated from both by
3406 Without arguments, prints the names and values of all environment variables.
3432 The available modes, and thus the display, vary from system to system.
3437 For example, `setty +echok echoe' fixes `echok' mode on and allows commands
3445 Without arguments, discards \fBargv\fR[1] and shifts the members of
3451 The shell reads and executes commands from \fIname\fR.
3492 specified \fIstring\fR which is first command and filename expanded.
3493 The file metacharacters `*', `?' and `[...]' may be used
3497 label and the default label must appear at the beginning of
3500 labels and default labels as in C. If no label matches and
3510 terminfo(5) database. Prints the terminal type to stdout and returns 0
3519 Without \fIcommand\fR, prints a time summary for the current shell and its
3525 002, giving all access to the group and read and execute access to others, and
3526 022, giving read and execute access to the group and others.
3570 to \fIsystype\fR. With \fIsystype\fR and \fIcommand\fR, executes \fIcommand\fR
3576 interrupt will disrupt the wait and cause the shell to print the names and job
3588 Reports all known instances of \fIcommand\fR, including aliases, builtins and
3595 \fItcsh\fR aliases and builtins and is 10 to 100 times faster.
3604 Executes the commands between the \fIwhile\fR and the matching \fIend\fR
3607 \fIwhile\fR and \fIend\fR must appear alone on their input lines.
3608 \fIbreak\fR and \fIcontinue\fR may be used to terminate or continue the
3622 working on an X window system using \fIxterm\fR(1) and a re-parenting window
3623 manager that supports title bars such as \fItwm\fR(1) and does
3629 to be the name of the host, a colon, and the full current working directory.
3634 This will put the hostname and working directory on the title bar but
3711 \fBtcsh\fR, \fBterm\fR, \fBtty\fR, \fBuid\fR, \fBuser\fR and \fBversion\fR at
3713 updates \fBcwd\fR, \fBdirstack\fR, \fBowd\fR and \fBstatus\fR when necessary,
3717 \fBterm\fR and \fBuser\fR with the environment variables of the same names:
3719 shell variable to match (unless the shell variable is read-only) and vice
3720 versa. Note that although \fBcwd\fR and \fBPWD\fR have identical meanings, they
3721 are not synchronized in this manner, and that the shell automatically
3722 converts between the different formats of \fBpath\fR and \fBPATH\fR.
3725 If set, filename completion adds `/' to the end of directories and a space
3753 only history will be expanded and a second completion will expand filenames.
3765 variable \fBlogout\fR to `automatic' and exits.
3768 Set to `60' (automatic logout after 60 minutes, and no locking) by default
3769 in login and superuser shells, but not if the shell thinks it is running
3774 See also the \fBafsuser\fR and \fBlogout\fR shell variables.
3786 If set, backslashes (`\e') always quote `\e', `'', and `"'. This may make
3800 If not set, \fIcd\fR requires a directory \fIname\fR, and will not go to the
3805 If set, it enables color display for the builtin \fBls\-F\fR and it passes
3823 If set to `enhance', completion ignores case and considers
3824 hyphens and underscores to be equivalent; it will also treat
3825 periods, hyphens and underscores (`.', `\-' and `_') as word
3827 If set to `Enhance', completion matches uppercase and underscore
3828 characters explicitly and matches lowercase and hyphens in a
3829 case-insensitive manner; it will treat periods, hyphens and underscores
3849 If set, newlines and carriage returns in command substitution are
3854 See also the \fBdirstack\fR and \fBowd\fR shell variables.
3861 The default location in which `dirs \-S' and `dirs \-L' look for
3874 See also the \fBcwd\fR and \fBowd\fR shell variables.
3878 If set to `euc', it enables display and editing EUC-kanji(Japanese) code.
3879 If set to `sjis', it enables display and editing Shift-JIS(Japanese) code.
3880 If set to `big5', it enables display and editing Big5(Chinese) code.
3881 If set to `utf8', it enables display and editing Utf8(Unicode) code.
3882 If set to the following format, it enables display and editing of original
3892 is set to number 0,1,2 and 3. Each number has the following meaning:
3900 3 ... used for both the first byte and second byte of a multi-byte character.
3912 If set to `001322', the first character (means 0x00 of the ASCII code) and
3916 The 4th character(0x03) is set '3'. It is used for both the first byte and
3917 the second byte of a multi-byte character. The 5th and 6th characters
3928 This variable can only be used if KANJI and DSPMBYTE has been defined at
3939 echoing. Builtin commands are echoed before command and filename
3956 Recognize both the `\-n' flag and backslashed escape sequences; the default
3963 Set by default to the local system default. The BSD and System V
3974 If not set, the \fBEDITOR\fR (`ed' if unset) and \fBVISUAL\fR (`vi' if unset)
3978 If set, the `%c'/`%.' and `%C' prompt sequences (see the \fBprompt\fR
3992 In \fItcsh\fR, completion is always used and this variable is ignored
4002 If set, wild-card glob patterns will match files and directories beginning
4003 with `.' except for `.' and `..'
4006 If set, the `**' and `***' file glob patterns will match any string of
4021 If set, the incremental search match (in \fIi-search-back\fR and
4022 \fIi-search-fwd\fR) and the region between the mark and the cursor are
4039 set to `prev' and the last history event is the same as the current
4041 set to `erase' and the same event is found in the history list, that
4042 old event gets erased and the current one gets inserted. Note that the
4043 `prev' and `all' options renumber history events so there are no gaps.
4046 The default location in which `history \-S' and `history \-L' look for
4055 If set, builtin and editor commands and the \fBsavehist\fR mechanism
4071 If set to the empty string or `0' and the input device is a terminal,
4077 ignores \fIn - 1\fR consecutive \fIend-of-file\fRs and exits on the
4088 substitutions. Tilde and variable expansions work as expected.
4097 `prev' and the last killed string is the same as the current killed
4099 to `erase' and the same string is found in the kill ring, the old
4100 string is erased and the current one is inserted.
4117 files (even if they start with a `.'), `A' shows all files but `.' and
4118 `..', and `x' sorts across instead of down. If the second word of
4143 an automatic logout, and `hangup' if the shell was killed by a hangup
4148 A list of files and directories to check for incoming mail, optionally
4150 passed since the last check, the shell checks each file and says `You
4164 file within that directory as a separate message, and will report `You have
4180 If set to `notunique', it beeps when there is one exact and other longer matches.
4189 are not accidentally destroyed and that `>>' redirections refer to existing
4197 If set, \fBFilename substitution\fR and \fBDirectory stack substitution\fR
4199 with filenames, or after a list of filenames has been obtained and further
4203 If set and the shell supports Kanji (see the \fBversion\fR shell variable),
4227 The old working directory, equivalent to the `\-' used by \fIcd\fR and \fIpushd\fR.
4228 See also the \fBcwd\fR and \fBdirstack\fR shell variables.
4231 If set, enable the printing of padding '0' for hours, in 24 and 12 hour
4250 reading \fI~/.tcshrc\fR and each time \fBpath\fR is reset.
4255 If set and an interactive program exits with a non-zero status, the shell
4271 represented by `~' and other users' home directories represented by
4371 It should be used only to change terminal attributes and
4384 `%B', `%S', `%U' and `%{\fIstring\fR%}' are available in only
4387 The bold, standout and underline sequences are often used to distinguish a
4394 If `%t', `%@', `%T', `%p', or `%P' is used, and \fBnoding\fR is not set,
4402 The string with which to prompt in \fIwhile\fR and \fIforeach\fR loops and
4417 normal users and the second character for the superuser.
4423 If set, \fIpushd\fR and \fIpopd\fR do not print the directory stack.
4440 It will automatically disappear and reappear as necessary, to ensure that
4441 command input isn't obscured, and will appear only if the prompt,
4442 command input, and itself will fit together on the first line.
4444 the prompt and before the command input.
4458 the existing history file instead of replacing it (if there is one) and
4459 sorted by time stamp and the most recent events are retained.
4460 If the second word of \fBsavehist\fR is `merge' and the third word is set to
4474 of \fBBuiltin and non-builtin command execution\fR.) Initialized to the
4492 is determined only from the last command in the pipeline, and the exit
4512 This means that \fIcd\fRing through a symbolic link and then `cd ..'ing
4521 misleading and sometimes confusing when it fails to recognize an argument
4522 which should be expanded. A compromise is to use `ignore' and use the
4590 like \fIcd\fR, 2) is prevented by quoting, and 3) happens before
4601 \fBStartup and shutdown\fR.
4671 systems that support resource usage reporting and `%Uu %Ss %E %P' for
4674 Under Sequent's DYNIX/ptx, %X, %D, %K, %r and %s are not
4727 origin, release date, vendor, operating system and machine (see \fBVENDOR\fR,
4728 \fBOSTYPE\fR and \fBMACHTYPE\fR) and a comma-separated
4749 \fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR and \fI~/.login\fR before instead of after
4750 \fI~/.tcshrc\fR and \fI~/.history\fR.
4765 \fIbye\fR is a synonym for \fIlogout\fR and \fIlog\fR
4807 This variable is unset by \fIbindkey\fR \fB-e\fR and
4819 A list of user/terminal pairs to watch for logins and logouts.
4822 Setting \fBwatch\fR to `(any any)' watches all users and terminals.
4828 reports activity of the user `george' on ttyd1, any user on the console, and
4831 Logins and logouts are checked every 10 minutes by default, but the first
4869 %M and %m are available on only systems that store the remote hostname in
4911 is running, as determined at compile time. This variable is obsolete and
5000 \fB^\fR, \fB:\fR and \fB=\fR.
5006 to use, but less general. The left, right and end codes are
5007 provided so you don't have to type common parts over and over
5008 again and to support weird terminals; you will generally not
5086 listing, try changing the \fBno\fR and \fBfi\fR codes from 0 to the
5087 numerical codes for your standard fore- and background colors.
5109 The host from which the user has logged in remotely, if this is the case and
5141 ConvexOS, Stellix and Intel use \fI/etc/cshrc\fR and
5143 A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX have no equivalent in \fIcsh\fR(1),
5149 ConvexOS, Stellix and Intel use \fI/etc/login\fR,
5150 NeXTs use \fI/etc/login.std\fR, Solaris 2.x uses \fI/etc/.login\fR and
5151 A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX use \fI/etc/cshrc\fR.
5169 \fI~/.tcshrc\fR and \fI~/.history\fR; see the \fBversion\fR shell variable.
5177 ConvexOS, Stellix and Intel use \fI/etc/logout\fR and
5179 A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX have no equivalent in \fIcsh\fR(1),
5197 compiled; see \fBStartup and shutdown\fR and the \fBversion\fR shell variable.
5205 See \fBThe command-line editor\fR and \fBEditor commands\fR.
5207 Programmable, interactive word completion and listing.
5208 See \fBCompletion and listing\fR and the \fIcomplete\fR and \fIuncomplete\fR
5211 \fBSpelling correction\fR (q.v.) of filenames, commands and variables.
5215 quick editor restarting (\fIrun-fg-editor\fR) and
5219 See also the \fIhistory\fR command and its associated shell variables,
5220 the previously undocumented `#' event specifier and new modifiers
5222 the \fI*-history\fR, \fIhistory-search-*\fR, \fIi-search-*\fR, \fIvi-search-*\fR and
5226 Enhanced directory parsing and directory stack handling.
5227 See the \fIcd\fR, \fIpushd\fR, \fIpopd\fR and \fIdirs\fR commands and their associated
5229 the \fBdirstack\fR, \fBowd\fR and \fBsymlinks\fR shell variables and
5230 the \fInormalize-command\fR and \fInormalize-path\fR editor commands.
5234 New \fBFile inquiry operators\fR (q.v.) and a \fIfiletest\fR
5237 A variety of \fBAutomatic, periodic and timed events\fR (q.v.) including
5238 scheduled events, special aliases, automatic logout and terminal locking,
5239 command timing and watching for logins and logouts.
5244 (see \fBOS variant support\fR and the \fBecho_style\fR shell variable)
5250 \fInewgrp\fR, \fIprintenv\fR, \fIwhich\fR and \fIwhere\fR (q.v.).
5254 \fBtty\fR, \fBuid\fR and \fBversion\fR shell variables and the \fBHOST\fR,
5255 \fBREMOTEHOST\fR, \fBVENDOR\fR, \fBOSTYPE\fR and \fBMACHTYPE\fR environment
5260 and special prompts for loops and spelling correction
5261 (see \fBprompt2\fR and \fBprompt3\fR).
5286 to be combined with `|', and to be used with `&' and `;' metasyntax.
5296 \fBHPATH\fR and \fBNOREBIND\fR don't need to be environment variables.
5302 the expression is false and the command is not executed.
5308 Command substitution supports multiple commands and conditions, but not
5312 help maintain and test tcsh, add yourself to the mailing list in
5322 built a new pager for the DEC PDP-10 and created the OS to go with it. It was
5332 TENEX, and TOPS-20 to version 3, had command completion
5334 moved all that capability and more into the monitor (`kernel' for you Unix
5338 The creator of tcsh was impressed by this feature and several others of TENEX
5339 and TOPS-20, and created a version of csh which mimicked them.
5366 Job control and directory stack features
5375 Command line editor, prompt routines, new glob syntax and numerous fixes
5380 scheduled events, and the idea of the new prompt format
5383 \fIls\-F\fR and \fIwhich\fR builtins and numerous bug fixes, modifications
5393 Ports to HPUX, SVR2 and SVR3, a SysV version of getwd.c, SHORT_STRINGS support
5396 James J Dempsey, BBN, and Paul Placeway, OSU, 1988
5402 Patrick Wolfe, Kuck and Associates, Inc., 1988
5406 \fBautolist\fR and ambiguous completion listing
5418 printprompt() fixes and additions
5421 Automatic spelling correction and \fBprompt3\fR
5424 Various bugfixes, improvements and manual updates
5427 \fBampm\fR, \fIsettc\fR and \fItelltc\fR
5437 save and restore of directory stack
5443 NLS support and simulated NLS support for non NLS sites, fixes
5465 Extended \fIvi\fR fixes and \fIvi\fR delete command
5471 ETA and Pyramid port, Makefile and lint fixes, \fBignoreeof\fR=n addition, and
5472 various other portability changes and bug fixes
5475 \fIcomplete-word-fwd\fR and \fIcomplete-word-back\fR
5491 Tek, m88k, Titan and Masscomp ports and fixes. Added autoconf support.
5503 New man page and tcsh.man2html
5506 AFS and HESIOD patches
5510 added \fBellipsis\fR and \fBrprompt\fR.
5519 Ported to WIN32 (Windows/95 and Windows/NT); wrote all the missing library
5528 Diana Smetters, Bob Sutterfield, Mark Verber, Elizabeth Zwicky and all
5529 the other people at Ohio State for suggestions and encouragement
5532 reporting bugs in, and suggesting new additions to each and every version