[libc++][modules] Fix missing and incorrect includes (#108850)

This patch adds a large number of missing includes in the libc++ headers
and the test suite. Those were found as part of the effort to

[libc++][modules] Fix missing and incorrect includes (#108850)

This patch adds a large number of missing includes in the libc++ headers
and the test suite. Those were found as part of the effort to move
towards a mostly monolithic top-level std module.

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[libc++][NFC] Add missing license headers

Also standardize the license comment in several files where it was
different from what we normally do.

[libc++][format] Fix a missing include in `<format>` tests. (#71252)

[libc++][format] Improves diagnostics.

Improves both the compile-time and run-time errors.
At compile-time it does a bit more work to get more specific errors.
This could be done at run-time too, bu

[libc++][format] Improves diagnostics.

Improves both the compile-time and run-time errors.
At compile-time it does a bit more work to get more specific errors.
This could be done at run-time too, but that has a performance penalty.
Since it's expected most use-cases use format* instead of vformat* the
compile-time errors are more common.

For example when using

std::format_to("{:-c}", 42);

Before compile output would contain

std::__throw_format_error("The format-spec should consume the input or end with a '}'");

Now it contains

std::__throw_format_error("The format specifier does not allow the sign option");

Given a better indication the sign option is not allowed. Note the
output is still not user-friendly; C++ doesn't have good facilities to
generate nice messages from the library.

In general all messages have been reviewed and improved, using a more
consistent style and using less terms used in the standard. For example

format-spec -> format specifier
arg-id -> argument index

Reviewed By: #libc, ldionne

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D152624

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[libc++][format] Implements formatting pointer.

The feature is applied as DR instead of a normal paper. MSVC STL and
libstdc++ will do the same.

Implements
- P2510R3 Formatting pointers

Depends on

[libc++][format] Implements formatting pointer.

The feature is applied as DR instead of a normal paper. MSVC STL and
libstdc++ will do the same.

Implements
- P2510R3 Formatting pointers

Depends on D153192

Reviewed By: #libc, ldionne

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D153195

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[libc++][test] Mark throw_format_error as noreturn.

This fixes and GCC error. This was tested in D135787.

[libc++][format] Implements LWG3892.

This LWG issue is based on the discussion regarding

P2733R3 Fix handling of empty specifiers in std::format

This paper was disussed and changed a few times i

[libc++][format] Implements LWG3892.

This LWG issue is based on the discussion regarding

P2733R3 Fix handling of empty specifiers in std::format

This paper was disussed and changed a few times in LEWG during the
Issaquah meeting. The paper was not voted in, instead LEWG asked for
a DR against C++26.

This LWG issue contains the direction voted by LEWG. This issue has not
been voted in yet. However it fixes some of the defencies on the
container based formatting. Without this fix the range-default-formatter
for strings looks bad when used in containers.

The changes of this issue match the intended changes of P27333.

type fmt before after (if changed)
---------------------------------------------------------------
char {} a
char {:?} 'a'
array<char, 1> {} ['a']
array<char, 1> {::} [a]
array<char, 1> {::c} [a]
array<char, 1> {::?} ['a']
map<char, char> {} {a: a} -> {'a': 'a'}
map<char, char> {::} {'a': 'a'}
set<char> {} {'a'}
set<char> {::} {a}
set<char> {::c} {a}
set<char> {::?} {'a'}
tuple<char> {} ('a')
stack<char> {} ['a']
stack<char> {::} [a]
stack<char> {::c} [a]
stack<char> {::?} ['a']
array<array<char, 1>, 1> {} [[a]] -> {'a': 'a'}
array<array<char, 1>, 1> {::} [['a']]
array<array<char, 1>, 1> {:::} [[a]]
array<array<char, 1>, 1> {:::c} [[a]]
array<array<char, 1>, 1> {:::?} [['a']]
array<tuple<char>, 1> {} [(a)] -> [('a')]
tuple<tuple<char>> {} ((a)) -> (('a'))
tuple<array<char, 1>> {} ([a]) -> (['a'])

Note the optimization text as mentioned in the tuple formatter can't be
done. The call to parse may affect the formatter so its state needs to
be preserved.

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc, EricWF

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D145847

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[libc++] Qualifies size_t.

This has been done using the following command

find libcxx/test -type f -exec perl -pi -e 's|^([^/]+?)((?<!::)size_t)|\1std::\2|' \{} \;

And manually removed some fals

[libc++] Qualifies size_t.

This has been done using the following command

find libcxx/test -type f -exec perl -pi -e 's|^([^/]+?)((?<!::)size_t)|\1std::\2|' \{} \;

And manually removed some false positives in std/depr/depr.c.headers.

The `std` module doesn't export `::size_t`, this is a preparation for that module.

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc, EricWF, philnik

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D146088

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[libc++] Qualifies uint32_t and friends.

This has been done using the following command
find libcxx/test -type f -exec perl -pi -e 's|^([^/]+?)((?<!::)(?<!::u)u?int(_[a-z]+)?[0-9]{1,2}_t)|\1std::\

[libc++] Qualifies uint32_t and friends.

This has been done using the following command
find libcxx/test -type f -exec perl -pi -e 's|^([^/]+?)((?<!::)(?<!::u)u?int(_[a-z]+)?[0-9]{1,2}_t)|\1std::\2|' \{} \;

And manually removed some false positives in std/depr/depr.c.headers.

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D145880

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[libc++][format] Fix a missing include in tests.

[libc++][format] range-default-formatter for map

Implements the range-default-formatter specialization range_format::map.

Implements parts of
- P2286R8 Formatting Ranges
- P2585R0 Improving default

[libc++][format] range-default-formatter for map

Implements the range-default-formatter specialization range_format::map.

Implements parts of
- P2286R8 Formatting Ranges
- P2585R0 Improving default container formatting

Depends on D140653

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D140801

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[libc++][format] Implements range_formatter

Implements parts of
- P2286R8 Formatting Ranges
- P2585R0 Improving default container formatting

Depends on D140651

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc

Differe

[libc++][format] Implements range_formatter

Implements parts of
- P2286R8 Formatting Ranges
- P2585R0 Improving default container formatting

Depends on D140651

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D140653

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[NFC][libc++][test] Improves code reuse.

This applies D140115 to the new tuple tests.

Reviewed By: #libc, ldionne

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D140650

[libc++][format] Removes test redundancy.

The format function test serve two purposes:
- Test whether all format functions work in general.
- Test whether all formatting rules are implemented correc

[libc++][format] Removes test redundancy.

The format function test serve two purposes:
- Test whether all format functions work in general.
- Test whether all formatting rules are implemented correctly.

At the moment the *pass.cpp tests do both. These tests are quite slow,
while testing all rules for all functions doesn't add much coverage.

There are two execution modi of the format functions:
- run-time validation in the vformat functions.
- compile-time validation in the other function.

So instead of running all tests for all functions, they are only used for
format.pass.cpp and vformat.pass.cpp still do all tests.

The other tests do a smaller set of test, just to make sure they work in the
basics.

Running the format tests using one thread:
- before 00:04:16
- after 00:02:14

The slow tests were also reported in
https::llvm.org/PR58141

Also split a generic part of the test to a generic support header. This
allows these parts to be reused in the range-based formatter tests.

Reviewed By: #libc, ldionne

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D140115

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